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Topic: Pope Eugenius IV

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	Pope Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Eugenius IV and Jewish money-lending in Florence: the case of Salomone di Bonaventura during the Chancellorship of...
		He had for his immediate predecessor Celestine IV, who however, was pope for eighteen days only, and therefore the events of Innocent's pontificate practically link themselves on to those of the reign of Gregory IX.
		The remainder of his life was largely directed to schemes for compassing the overthrow of Manfred, the natural son of Frederick II, whom the towns and the nobility had for the most part received as his father's successor.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Pope_Innocent_IV (459 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Early Modern: Lecture Seven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Eugenius IV became convinced before a year was over that the new Council of Basel was going to be as unproductive as Pavia.
		Eugenius IV remained reconciled to the Council as long as it's were within reason, but the radical reforming decrees were flat unacceptable.
		Meanwhile, Pope Eugenius IV, came to Ferrara in January of 1438 and presided in person at what is considered the continuation of the first 25 legitimate sessions of the Council of Basel.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34633e07.html (2943 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Pope Paul II
		Pope Paul II Pope Paul II, né Pietro Barbo (February 23, 1417 - July 26, 1471), was pope from 1464 to 1471.
		Consequently, when in 1466, attempting to downsize redundant offices, Paul proceeded to annul the college of abbreviators, whose function it was to formulate papal documents, a storm of indignation arose, inasmuch as rhetoricians and poets had long been accustomed to benefiting from employment in such positions.
		In the matter of war on the Turks, the Pope rejected the one sovereign who might have taken the lead, King George of Podebrady of Bohemia, and the unfortunate Bohemian king prosecuted as a heretic, on the grounds that he upheld the conventions of Basel (see Jan Hus) in favor of the Utraquists.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Pope_Paul_II (538 words)

	Pope Paul II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Paul II né Pietro Barbo (February 23 1418 - March 22 1471) was pope from 1464 to 1471.
		He was born at Venice in 1418 and was a nephew of Pope Eugenius IV His adoption of the spiritual career was by his uncle's election as pope.
		His was rapid; he became a cardinal in 1440 and was unanimously elected on August 30 1464 to succeed Pope Pius II His oath on taking office obligated him abolish the prevalent nepotism in the Curia to improve the morals there to the war on the Turks and to an ecumenical council within three years.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Paul_II (861 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Special Exhibitions - From Filippo Lippi to Piero della Francesca: Fra Carnevale and ...
		Eugenius had fled a popular uprising in Rome fomented by the Colonna family, and his temporary residence in Florence meant that for the next nine years the city was the center of Christendom—albeit a Christendom sorely torn apart by contesting parties (in 1439 a rebellious council elected an antipope, Felix V).
		Eugenius was a man with reforming tendencies and an ascetic character, and his presence in Florence was a matter of considerable prestige.
		When Eugenius IV consecrated the cathedral on March 25, 1436—the feast day of the Annunciation and the first day of the Florentine new year—it still lacked the lantern, but the choir lofts (cantorie) of Luca della Robbia and Donatello were already in place.
	www.metmuseum.org /special/Carnevale/carnevale_essay.asp?page=2 (1416 words)

	The Fifteenth Century
		The pope, Eugenius IV (1431-47) attempted to suppress the council at the end of its first year, but was unsuccessful, then he changed his mind and declared the council ecumenical.
		When Eugenius refused to agree to the council's decision that councils are superior to popes, the council elected Felix V (1439-49), the Duke of Savoy, pope.
		1478 Pope Sixtus IV (1471-84) annulled the decrees of the Council of Constance.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Pines/7224/Rick/chrono15.htm (4533 words)

	John of Ragusa
		In the year 1426 he was appointed procurator general of the Dominican Order, and went to reside at Rome under Pope Martin V. There he received marks of honour and esteem from the pope and the College of Cardinals, and the former eventually named him papal theologian for the General Council of Basle.
		He returned to Bologna as a member of a deputation, to obtain from Eugenius IV an assurance that the pope would be present at the council.
		Having acceded to this request, Eugenius employed John once more to be the bearer of a document (dated 15 July, 1437) to the Greek emperor in which the emperor's assistance was invited at a meeting of the council to be held in some Italian city.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/john_of_ragusa.html (585 words)

	[No title]
		POPE ST. PIUS X (1903-1914) "One of the primary obligations assigned by Christ to the office committed to Us of feeding the Lord's flock is that of guarding with the greatest vigilance the Deposit of Faith delivered to the Saints, rejecting the profane novelties of words, and the gainsaying of knowledged falsely so-called....
		Pope Vigilius, who wished to return to Rome from exile, in a decree, or Iudicatum, recanted his former orthodox Catholic position, condemned the orthodox decree of the Council of Chalcedon (451), and excommunicated the bishop-authors of that decree (the so-called Three Chapters of Theodoret).
		POPE ST. BONIFACE IV (608-615) Pope Boniface manifested strong tendencies toward the Nestorian heresy, which denied the correct doctrine of the two natures of Christ and denied that the Blessed Virgin Mary was the Mother of God.
	www.traditio.com /tradlib/popelim.txt (5708 words)

	Pope Nicholas V
		He was elected pope in succession to Eugenius IV on 6 March of the following year, taking the name of Nicholas in honour of his early benefactor.
		He was compelled, however, to add that the lustre of his pontificate would be for ever dulled by the fall of Constantinople, which the Turks took in 1453.
		The pope bitterly felt this catastrophe as a double blow to Christendom and to Greek letters.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/pope_nicholas_v.html (515 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Eugene IV
		He rendered signal service to Pope Martin V by his labours as legate in Picenum (March of Ancona) and later by quelling a sedition of the Bolognesi.
		OUNCIL OF All efforts to induce Eugene to recall his Bull of dissolution having failed, the council, on 29 April, formally summoned the pope and his cardinals to appear at Basle within three months, or to be punished for contumacy.
		The pope recalled the Bull and acknowledged the council as œcumenical, 15 Dec., 1433.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05601a.htm (1420 words)

	ALEMAN - LoveToKnow Article on ALEMAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was a prominent member of the council of Basel, and, together with Cardinal Julian, led the party which maintained the supremacy of general councils over the pope's authority.
		In 1440 Aleman obtained the support of the emperor Sigismund and of the duke of Milan to his views, and proclaiming the deposition of Pope Eugenius IV., placed the tiara upon the head of Amadeus VIII., duke of Savoy (henceforward known as antipope Felix V.).
		Eugenius retorted by excommunicating the antipope and depriving Aleman of all his ecclesiastical dignities.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALEMAN.htm (215 words)

	THE RENAISSANCE
		Pope Boniface VIII declared 1300 to be a Jubilee Year and any who visited Rome at this time would receive a full indulgence, a remission of time spent in Purgatory by absolved and repentant sinners.
		Philip IV of France was not excited by this declaration and sent a troop of ruffians to apprehend the Pope and bring him back to France to sit before a council.
		Pope John XXIII who lied about resigning and who attempted to flee Constance was tried and deposed.
	www.angelfire.com /mo/christian22/history3.html (1383 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - View Single Post - True Tales of the Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Eugenius IV left a terrible legacy for his successor.
		Pope Nicolaus V was a vigorous man, he was a man of the senses.
		The Pope was inspired with a plan that soon saw the solution to both the economic difficulties and the naval inadequacy.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showpost.php?p=2268947&postcount=30 (583 words)

	FELIX - LoveToKnow Article on FELIX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Regarding the remainder of his life little is known, and the accounts handed down are contradictory, but he appears to have spent the most of it in retirement at his estate near Porto.
		FELIX III., pope, was descended from one of the most influential families of Rome, and was a direct ancestor of Gregory the Great.
		FELIX IV., pope, a native of Beneventum, was, on the death of John in 526, raised to the papal chair by the emperor Theodoric in opposition to the wishes of the clergy and people.
	89.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FE/FELIX.htm (828 words)

	St. Peter's - The Filarete Door (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Paul V used the bronze door of the Old Basilica, commissioned to Antonio Averulino, also known as Filarete by Pope Eugene IV, accomplished already in 1455 by the Florentine workshop.
		These compartments are separated by four horizontal bas-relief segments with the most important events of Eugene IV's papacy: episodes of the Council of Florence of 1438 for the decree of the union of the Greek and Roman churches, proclaimed by Eugene IV, and the arrival in Rome and the coronation of emperor Sigismund.
		Eugenius was the pope who presided over the famous Council of Florence in 1439 which sought to bring about the union of the churches in the face of the Turkish threat.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Interior/DoorFilarete/DoorFilarete.htm (1283 words)

	Glossary: The Church
		Pope Martin V, who had supported conciliarism as a cardinal, was nevertheless firmly against any intrusion into his authority once he had been elected pope.
		The attempt to depose Pope Eugenius IV (1431-1447) and elect a new anti-pope, Felix V (1439-1449) reeked of the Great Schism and the conciliarist cause was abandoned.
		Subsequent popes claimed their authority from their succession to St. Peter's bishopric, or seat, arguing that as St. Peter was the chief apostle so the pope was the head of the apostolic Church.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/glossary/churgloss.html (2473 words)

	Catholic & Protestant
		Pope Eugenius IV and the Patriarch of Constantinople attempted to resolve differences of doctrine through a document of reunion for the Greek and Latin churches at the Council of Florence, in 1439.
		Pope Pius II [1405-64] of the Italian Piccolomini family, brought both secular and religious art and literature to the Vatican and was himself quite accomplished in secular learning.
		The renaissance popes who followed Pius II [from 1464 until the death of Julius II in 1513] were Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, Alexander VI, and Julius II.
	www.churchofsaginaw.org /churchstory/catholic_protestant.htm (2496 words)

	Late Middle Ages - Pope Eugenius IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The pope was still required to call a council every five years, and the work of reform was still acknowledged to be largely unfinished.
		Eugenius accomplished all this without having to be dictatorial or employ force.
		It proclaimed conciliar supremacy in 1432 and summoned the pope and his cardinals to Basle.
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/papacy/eugeniusiv.html (614 words)

	Pope Pius II
		In order to control it better Eugenius tried to get the council to move to Florence; a minority agreed and seceded; the majority, however, stayed where they were and took vigorous measures against the pope, culminating in his deposition on the 25th of June 1438.
		This measure still further alienated the pope from the French, with whom he was at that time negotiating for the abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction.
		He was declared deposed by the pope, but kept his seat, and in 1464 compelled the pope to recognize him again.
	www.nndb.com /people/252/000094967 (1318 words)

	17th Council, Council of Florence [Basel(Basle), Ferrara] (A.D. 1431-1445)
		Quarrels with the pope having arisen, the council was transferred first to Ferrara (1438), then to Florence (1439), where a short-lived union with the Greek Church was effected, the Greeks accepting the council's definition of controverted points.
		Pope Eugene IV confirmed this decree for Basel, and the first session was held on 14 December, 1431.
		[Eugenius IV and the fathers of the council at Ferrara declare the council at Ferrara to be legitimate and ecumenical]
	truecatholic.bizland.com /Ecumenical_Councils/Florence.htm (12257 words)

	Alfonso IV of Leon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		MARTIN V AND EUGENIUS IV In 1441 Eugenius embarked...
		Durango: Iv n S nchez (79') y Miguel P rez (89').
		Alphonso IV (died 933), by-named the Monk, was King of Leon from 924 to 931.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Alfonso_IV_of_Leon (407 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		To Roman Catholics, the Pope may be the holiest man on earth, the heir and keeper of the deepest truths of religion.
		The Pope was not the ruler of that Church, but one of the Ecumenical Patriarchs, along with the Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople.
		Popes from a similiar family, the Medici, are featured in the genealogy of the Medici given with the rulers of Tuscany.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Saints of June 2
		Eugenius may have been an antipope forced on the reluctant Romans by the emperor, or he was chosen freely on the presumed consent of Saint Martin to keep the emperor from forcibly planting a docile tool on the throne of Saint Peter.
		Pope Eugenius disavowed their action and said that they had been given authority to deal only with the emperor.
		Pope Saint Damasus tells us that, when he was a child, he heard these details from the lips of the executioner himself.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0602.htm (3088 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections - XV Century
		To find an explanation for the changes in the nature of the papacy and papal government from the continent-wide vigorous administrations of the great popes of the thirteenth century to the Italy-centered prince-politicians of the fifteenth, it is necessary to examine the constitutional changes which occurred in the College of Cardinals during the fifteenth century.
		At the same time, the very large membership in the College that was drawn from the families of the popes themselves was most anxious to achieve such a reduction, so that the lands and towns held by the Roman baronage could be regranted to members of their own clans.
		First, the popes of the period were forced to make extraordinary sacrifices of their prerogatives in order to obtain and keep the favor of the various monarchs who recognized their factions.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/election-eugeniusiv.htm (2491 words)

	St. Antoninus
		Pope Eugenius IV called him to the general council of Florence; and he assisted in quality of divine at all its sessions, and at the disputations with the Greeks.
		The pope, however, was inflexible, and sent him an order to repair without delay to his convent at Fiesoli.
		Indeed, the pope never refused any thing that he requested; and ordered that no appeals should be received at Rome from any sentence passed by him.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/STANTONI.HTM (2299 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide to documents and events (76-2005)
		Eugenius IV authorized the usage and Sixtus V codified it with precise regulations in his constitution Religiosa sanctorum.
		The long, bitter conflict between Eugene IV (1431-1447) and the Council meant that the decree on the Sacred College remained a dead letter, as far as Rome was concerned.
		In the document, which date has not been possible to ascertain, Eugenius determined that the cardinals by virtue of their office have precedence over all other ecclesiastics, including patriarchs, archbishops and bishops in the hierarchy of the Church.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/guide-xv.htm (998 words)

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