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	Pope Gelasius I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gelasius' letter to, the senator, covers the main lines of the controversy and incidentally offers some details of this festival combining fertility and purification that might have been lost otherwise.
		Gelasius smoked out the closeted Manichaeans, the heretical dualists who considered themselves Christians and certainly passed for such and were present in Rome in large numbers, it was suspected.
		Gelasius decreed that the Eucharist had to be received "under both kinds", with wine as well as bread.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_Gelasius_I (560 words)

	Pope Gelasius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		January 29, 1119), pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119, was born at Gaeta of an illustrious family.
		Shortly after his unanimous election to succeed Pope Paschal II he was seized by Cencius Frangipanè, a partisan of the emperor Henry V, but freed by a general uprising of the Romans on his behalf.
		Gelasius fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained priest on the 9th of March and on the following day received episcopal consecration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gelasius_II (412 words)

	Pope Gelasius I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gelasius noted that there were figures in Biblical tradition who were both kings and priests, like Melchizedek, but that since Christ there were two foundations for power in the world: the prelates exercised sacred power, and the kings and emperors exercised royal power.
		Gelasius' immediate problem was to keep the emperor out of doctrinal affairs by formulating a counterweight to the contrasting Byzantine theory of power, generally characterized as Caesaropapism.
		Gelasius decreed that the eucharist had to be received "under both kinds,' with wine as well as bread As the Manichees held wine to be impure and essentially sinful, they would refuse the chalice and thus be recognized.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_gelasius_i (684 words)

	ST. GELASIUS I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A number of bishops appealed to Gelasius to relent and readmit Constantinople to communion, but the Pope explained that it was a question not of personality but of principle, that to allow the name of Acacius to remain on the diptychs would be to repudiate his predecessor's actions against the Monophysite compromisers.
		Gelasius forbade all Catholics to have anything to do with the affair, and wrote against it so vigorously that he soon ended the mischievous nonsense.
		Gelasius defends the position of the Church as a perfect society, and at the same time recognizes the legitimate functions of both Church and State.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp49.htm (507 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Gelasius I
		Pope Gelasius I is credited as being the most prolific writer of the pontiffs of the first five centuries.
		Pope Gelasius I was a Roman son of African immigrants.
		Pope Gelasius relentlessly restated that Rome owes its ecclesiastical princedom neither to an ecumenical synod nor to temporal importance, but to the Divine institution of Christ Himself, Who conferred the primacy upon Saint Peter and his successors.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeGelasiusI.htm (562 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Gelasius I
		As Gelasius, however, in a Roman synod (494), published his celebrated catalogue of the authentic writings of the Fathers, together with a list of apocryphal and interpolated works, as well as the proscribed books of the heretics (Ep.
		Though pope but for four years and a half, he exerted a deep influence on the development of church polity, of the liturgy and ecclesiastical discipline.
		The feast of St. Gelasius is kepton 21 Nov., the anniversary of his interment, though many writers give this as the day of his death.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06406a.htm (1177 words)

	Pope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The pope's official seat is the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, and his official residence is the Palace of the Vatican.
		Pope Benedict XVI was elected on April 19, 2005.
		The primacy is therefore regarded as a consequence of the pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the Roman Empire, a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th canon of the Council of Chalcedon.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope (3738 words)

	Gelasius, North Africa, Ancient Christian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Africa's third pope was Gelasius I, whose pontificate extended from 492 to 496, and who did as much to promote dissension between church and state and East and West as he did to clarify doctrine and order.
		Gelasius advanced the idea that papal power, given its divine origins, was superior to temporal power, an attitude that persisted in the papacy for centuries.
		Gelasius made no compromise with opponents, ordering the library of a heretical group to be burned before the doors of St. Mary Major Church in Rome.
	www.dacb.org /stories/egypt/gelasius1_.html (353 words)

	Africans in the Roman Empire
		Pope Victor I, came to power in 168 A.D., at a time when the date of Easter was very controversial.
		The second African pope was Militiades, a Black priest who was elected the thirty-seventh pope in 311 A.D. Militiades was the first pope to have an official residence.
		Gelasius died in 496 A.D. It has been said that Rome fell because she threw her doors too wide open by permitting Africans to become State and Church dignitaries.
	www.africawithin.com /black_history/overview_chapter11.html (379 words)

	Milton V. Anastos - 7. The Acacian schism (484-519) and Pope Gelasius Î (492-96)
		But a schism(76) ensued in 484 because Pope Felix III (483-92) condemned the dogmatic decree known as the Henoticon ("Unifier"), which the Emperor Zeno (474-91) had issued in 482 in order to put an end to the disaffection of the monophysites.
		During the rupture (484-519), Pope Gelasius went further than his predecessors in asserting the Roman primacy of jurisdiction over the entire Church, East and West, and formulated this doctrine in terms that served as a model for subsequent popes.
		Gelasius, it is true, had differentiated between the two, and always addressed the emperor in respectful terms, even when ordering him to remove the name of Patriarch Acacius from the diptychs.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/milton1_7.html (1660 words)

	Egalitarian Christian Alliance Discussion Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pope Gelasius I, whose epistle is the source of the evidence that there were indeed women priests being ordained in the fifth century, was determined to restore power to Rome and the papacy.
		The controversy produced correspondence between the pope and emperor which altered the balance of power in Christendom by asserting the superiority of the papacy to the empire.(17) Gelasius is held to be the key figure in this development.
		Gelasius, that is, declares that he has learned with distress that the contempt for religion in the church had arrived at such a point that women were being admitted to officiating at sacred altars [sacris altaribus ministrare] an expression that indicates indubitably the involvement of a liturgical service at the altars.
	www.network54.com /Forum/message?forumid=31727&messageid=996989963 (330 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 21
		Following Pope Celestine III's confirmation of the election, Albert returned to Liège, but found Lothaire already intruded in the see and that Archbishop Bruno of Cologne was unwilling to incur the wrath of the emperor by consecrating Albert.
		Gelasius ordered the reception of the Eucharist in both forms, thus opposing the Manichaeans, who preached that wine was impure and sinful.
		Among many rules which he established for the ministers of the church, Gelasius declares that its revenues are to be exactly divided into four parts: one is for the bishop, another for his clergy, the third for the poor, and the fourth for building.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1121.htm (1306 words)

	The Papacy during the Crusades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gelasius wasn't around long enough to make much of a mark, but his short papacy recapitulated the position of the papacy.
		Hardly had he been made pope when he was captured by the Frangipani family, which was loyal to Emperor Henry.
		This pope earned a niche in history because he signed the final agreement in the Investiture Struggle, the Concordat of Worms, in 1122.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /Europe/papacy/05.shtml (176 words)

	Precinct 333: An African Pope? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pope Saint Victor I was born in Africa and bore a Latin name as most Africans did at that time.
		A native of fl Africa, Saint Victor was the 15th pope and served during the reign of Emperor Septimus Severus, who was also African and had led Roman legions in Britain.
		Pope Saint Gelasius I was born in Rome of African parents and was a member of the Roman clergy from youth.
	precinct333.blogspot.com /2005/02/african-pope.html (601 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Saint Gelasius I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As pope he undertook to settle the question of the Acacian Schism, an offshoot of Arianism.
		It took its name and importance from Acacius, Bishop of Caesarea, who rejected the term "consubstantial" but agreed to a "likeness" between the Father and the Son.
		Gelasius insisted on the primacy of the bishops of Rome, banished the festival of Lupercalia, and ordered communion to be received under two forms, bread and wine.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03496.htm (96 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The descendant of an African family, Pope/St. Gelasius I was born in Rome and served as archdeacon to Felix III before Gelasius was elected pope in 492.
		Gelasius remained on good terms with Theodoric but had difficulties with the emperor of the East, Anastasius, because of the Henoticon, the monothelitic teachings of which the pope opposed.
		The first pope to be called the Vicar of Christ, he proposed that spiritual and temporal powers are separate trusts from God.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/gelasiusi.html (164 words)

	[No title]
		It entails the equivalent of the French Revolution in the Church...." OTRANTO'S CHIEF EVIDENCE; POPE GELASIUS' EPISTLE The chief document brought forth by Otranto is an Epistle 14: 26 of Pope Gelasius, dated March 11, 494.
		As we said, in saying that Pope Gelasius had not examined the merits of the case, Otranto and the feminists reveal their thinking: It is not divine protection that is decisive, it is just human reasonings, supported by disobedience.
		Pope Boniface IX (DS 1135) on Feb. 1, 1400, granted to an abbot, who was not a bishop, the right to ordain subdeacons, deacons, and priests.
	www.ewtn.com /library/LITURGY/WOMPRS.TXT (5113 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gelasius II
		On a stormy night, the pope and his court proceeded in two galleys down the Tiber, pelted by the imperialists with stones and arrows.
		Gelasius pronounced a solemn excommunication against both of them; and as soon as the emperor, frustrated of his prey, left Rome, he returned secretly; but soon took the resolution of taking refuge in France.
		Gelasius was perfecting plans for the convocation of a great council at Reims, when he succumbed to pleurisy, leaving the consummation of the fifty years' war for freedom to his successor, Callistus II.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06407a.htm (652 words)

	History of the Mass (16histot.htm)
		On the death of Pope Gelasius II, the College of Cardinals in exile from Rome, elected at Cluny the one man who could bring the German king Henry V to his knees.
		While Calixtus was a good pope and an honest man, in truth he had one small failing: he suffered from vanity, not only eating up the popularity but also commissioning artisans to paint eloquent frescos at the Lateran depicting his triumphant landmark signing of the Diet of Worms.
		As always, the strict reformers called the Pope to task for being too lenient with Henry V, but Calixtus argued that, though he had made concessions to the emperor, they were done solely in the interest of peace.
	www.dailycatholic.org /16histot.htm (1501 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Pope Gelasius II
		He became a monk of Monte Cassino, was taken to Rome by Pope Urban II, and made chancellor and cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.
		The emperor drove Gelasius from Rome in March, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Burdinus, archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII.
		He was received with great enthusiasm at Avignon, Montpellier and other cities, held a synod at Vienne in January 1119, and was planning to hold a general council to settle the investiture contest when he died at Cluny.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Pope_Gelasius_II (260 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pope from papa, "father": honorific title originally applied to a variety of prominent bishops (e.g.
		Pope Sylvester (314-335) had much less to do with it than later legends give him credit for.
		From this point onward, collapse of secular government leaves Popes as the de facto political leaders of the city of Rome.
	faculty.maxwell.syr.edu /gaddis/hst212/Feb28/handout.htm (278 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With regard to Pope St. Gelasius' statement, he uses the term "substance" in a phenomenological way in the same sense that we describe a "sunrise" when we know full well that the sun does not rise, but that the Earth rotates.
		Gelasius to the "bread and wine" of the Eucharist.
		I think Pope St. Gelasius' used the Greek understanding of symbolism which is much stronger than that of the Latin West and which underlies the theology of the Icon.
	www.catholic-legate.com /qa/gelasius.html (447 words)

	ST. SYMMACHUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Pope then gave in, and set out for the synod, but was attacked by partisans of the proByzantine faction and driven back to St. Peter's.
		The patient Pope was gradually winning back the adherents of Lawrence when Theodoric changed his mind, and by withdrawing his support from the schismatics, put an end to the matter.
		As firmly as Gelasius, the Pope maintained the independence of his spiritual power.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp51.htm (510 words)

	African Popes: Black Catholics : NBCC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although there are no authentic portraits of these popes, there are drawings and references in the Catholic Encyclopedia as to their being of African background.
		Saint Victor was the fifteenth pope and a native of fl Africa.
		Saint Gelasius was born in Rome of African parents and was a member of the Roman clergy from youth.
	www.nbccongress.org /black-catholics/african-popes.asp (779 words)

	Pope Innocent II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pope Innocent II Innocent II, pope from 1130-1143, whose family name was Paparesci, his own baptismal name being Gregory, was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III[?] (Guibert of Ravenna).
		In this capacity, he accompanied Pope Gelasius II when driven into France; and by Pope Callixtus II, he was appointed on various important missions, such as on that to Worms for concluding the peace accord with the emperor in 1122 (see Concordat of Worms, and on that to France in 1123.
		On February 14, 1130, he was hurriedly chosen to succeed Honorius II; soon afterwards an opposition asserted itself which issued in the counter-election of Pietro Pierleoni as Pope Anacletus II[?].
	www.city-search.org /po/pope-innocent-ii.html (561 words)

	Gelasius I, Saint -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Succeeding St. Felix III in March 492, Gelasius combatted the Acacian Schism that had arisen in the East under Patriarch Acacius (reigned 471–489) as a result of Rome's refusal to accept the Henotikon—a peace formula designed by the Eastern Roman emperor Zeno to reconcile the dissident Monophysites, advocators of the heretical…
		E-text of the letter written by this Pope (5th-century) to the Byzantine emperor Anastasius on the superiority of the Church over the crown.
		It was commissioned by pope Gregory IX and was completed by 1230, just four years after Francis' death and two years after his canonization.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036317?tocId=9036317 (762 words)

	Pope Tribute - The Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Historically the official residence of the Pope was the Lateran Palace, donated by the Roman Emperor Constantinus I. The former Papal summer palace, the Quirinal Palace, has subsequently been the official residence of the Kings of Italy and Presidents of the Italian Republic.
		The body then lies in state for a number of days before being interred in the crypt of a leading church or cathedral; the popes of the 20th century were all interred in St. Peter's Basilica.
		For instance, some argue that claimed successors to St. Peter, like Popes Alexander VI and Callixtus III from the Borgia family, were so corrupt as to be unfit to wield power to bind and loose on Earth or in Heaven.
	popetribute.com /content/view/51/31 (3567 words)

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