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	Pope Gregory III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731.
		Gregory immediately appealed to the Byzantine Emperor Leo III to moderate his position on the iconoclastic controversy.
		Gregory's support of the empire led him to help contribute to the recapture of Ravenna after it had fallen to the Lombards in 733.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_III (290 words)

	Pope Gregory VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was consecrated pope in place of Urban III on October 25, 1187.
		His first act as Pope was to issue the bull Audita tremendi, which called for the Third Crusade in response to the Battle of Hattin earlier in the year (Jerusalem itself had fallen earlier in October, but news of this had not yet reached the Pope).
		Gregory did not live to see the crusade, as he died of fever on December 17 of the same year.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_VIII (170 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Gregory III
		Pope St. Gregory III was the son of a Syrian named John.
		Gregory III confirmed the decision of his predecessors as to the respective rights of the Patriarchs of Aquileia and Grado, and sent the pallium to Antoninus of Grado.
		Gregory I who had laid it down that York was to have metropolitical rights in the North of England, as Canterbury had to have them in the South.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06789a.htm (593 words)

	Pope Gregory II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Gregory II, pope from 715 or 716 to February 11, 731, succeeded Pope Constantine, his election being variously dated May 19, 715, and March 21, 716.
		Having, it is said, bought off the Lombards for thirty pounds of gold, he used the tranquillity thus obtained for vigorous missionary efforts in Germany, and for strengthening the papal authority in the churches of England and Ireland.
		By excommunicating the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian, he prepared the way for a long series of revolts and civil wars, which tended greatly to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_II (174 words)

	Pope St. Gregory the Great
		Gregory's father was Gordianus, a wealthy patrician, probably of the famous gens Amicia, who owned large estates in Sicily and a mansion on the Caelian Hill in Rome, the ruins of which, apparently in a wonderful state of preservation, still await excavation beneath the Church of St. Andrew and St. Gregory.
		Gregory's mind and memory were both exceptionally receptive, and it is to the effect produced on him by these disasters that we must attribute the tinge of sadness which pervades his writings and especially his clear expectation of a speedy end to the world.
		Gregory at once took the surprising step of appointing a tribune on his own authority to take command of the city (Epp., II, xxxiv), and, when no notice of this strong action was taken by the imperial authorities, the pope conceived the idea of himself arranging a separate peace with the Lombards (Epp., II, xlv).
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CEGREGRY.HTM (7909 words)

	inquisition history
		He was the first of the Popes, however, to rely extensively upon the secular arm in the repression of heresy and was therefore the first to discover, as one of his biographers remarks, how difficult it is to call back the hounds of violence once they are unleashed.
		Pope Gregory IX was opposed to torture, but Innocent IV approved its use for the discovery of heresy, and Urban IV confirmed this usage, which like the death penalty for heresy, had its origin in the Roman Law.
		Pope Sixtus IV approved the Spanish Inquisition, because he was under the impression that an ecclesiastical Inquisition was to be established; when the true state of the case was brought to his knowledge, it was too late; all that he and his successors could do was to protest against its excesses.
	biblia.com /islam/inquisit..htm (2427 words)

	Reviews in History: Pope Gregory VII. 1073-1085
		Anyone doubting Gregory's capacity for tactical somersaults in the matter of clerical and secular spheres of activity can turn to a letter of 1074, suggesting that Gregory, as pope, lead an army to rescue Byzantium from the Turks, and the king is to look after the Roman church while the pope is away.
		On Gregory's side, I have mentioned his gradual hardening on the subject of lay investiture, but could have mentioned, as if in recompense, his corresponding softening on clerical celibacy, as the embattled pope s aw that the entire reform movement might founder on an issue so contentious among many clergy (not to mention their wives).
		Gregory died in 'exile', in Salerno (Cowdrey argues he was not, as usually supposed, bitter about it, on the ground that it was a kind of blessed martyrdom), while Henry campaigned on, his antipope Clement installed in Rome.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/murray1.html (3019 words)

	Biography – Pope Gregory XIV – The Papal Library
		It is known that Gregory XIII gave the purple to Nicolo, and that he endeavored to refuse it, exclaiming: "Why, there is a host of prelates more deserving of it than I!" When the cardinals elected him pontiff they experienced still greater resistance, but only became the more animated to conquer each new repulse.
		The pope, after congratulating Her Majesty upon her having had Masses said, and having imposed upon herself fasting and almsgiving for the salvation of souls, proceeded thus: "The ornamentation of a tomb, the show of mourning, and the funeral pomps, are consolations for the survivors, not benefits to the dead.
		By a new constitution Gregory confirmed that given by Pius IV regarding wagers upon the length of life and the death of the pontiffs, and upon the creation of cardinals.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/GregoryXIV/biography.html (2139 words)

	Pope Gregory VII - Sketches of Church History
		Another thing an which Gregory set his heart, as a means of increasing the power of the popes, was to do away with what was called "Investiture." This was the name of the form by which princes gave bishops possession of the estates and other property belonging to their sees.
		Gregory, therefore, ordered that no bishop should take investiture from any sovereign, and that no sovereign should give investiture; and out of this grew a quarrel which lasted fifty years, and was the cause of grievous troubles in the Church.
		Gregory entreated the help of Robert Guiscard, the chief of some Normans who had got possession of the south of Italy; and Guiscard, who was glad to have such an opportunity for interfering, speedily came to his relief and delivered him.
	bible.christiansunite.com /sch/sch02-08.shtml (1697 words)

	Pope Gregory VI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory VI, né Johannes Gratianus, pope from 1045 to 1046, had earned a high reputation for learning and probity.
		He succeeded Benedict IX who sold him the papacy for an enormous sum, Johannes also bought off the pope Silvester III and antipope John XX.
		In a council held by the emperor Henry III at Sutri in December 1046, he was accused of simony and freely admitted it, so his election was found to have been informal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI (147 words)

	The Hildebrandt Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the year 1074 the pope's mind was also greatly occupied by the project of an expedition to the East for the deliverance of the Oriental Christians from the oppression of the Seljuk Turks.
		Gregory was already on his way to Augsburg, and, fearing treachery, retired to the castle of Canossa.
		Henry's conduct toward the pope was meanwhile characterized by the greatest duplicity, and, when he went so far as to threaten to set up an antipope, Gregory renewed in 1080 the sentence of excommunication against him.
	www.hildebrandtfoundation.org /gregor.html (3269 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gregory the Great
		Gregory of Tours tells us that in grammar, rhetoric and dialectic he was so skilful as to be thought second to none in all Rome, and it seems certain also that he must have gone through a course of legal studies.
		Pope Pelagius II accordingly dispatched a special embassy to Tiberius, and sent Gregory along with it as his apocrisiarius, or permanent ambassador to the Court of Byzantium.
		In consequence of this meeting Gregory was so fixed with desire to convert the Angles that he obtained permission from Pelagius II to go in person to Britain with some of his fellow-monks as missionaries.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06780a.htm (7836 words)

	GENUKI: Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Gregory was pious and charitable; had lofty notions of the papal authority, was a reformer of the clerical discipline, and after his death was canonized.
		He is, however, accused, but on slight and doubtful evidence, of burning a multitude of the works of ancient authors, lest attention to heathen literature should supersede the monkish and ecclesiastical studies of the age.
		In 1229 Gregory levied a tithe on all moveables in England towards the expenses of his war with Frederick.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/pope.html (333 words)

	Pope Gregory's Calendar Changes
		Following some of the council's recommendations, Pope Pius V modified both the intercalation rule and lunar tables used to determine Easter's date.
		Gregory completed modification of the old intercalation rule by specifying that any year whose number ended with 00 must also be evenly divisible by 400 in order to have a 29-day February.
		This is because Gregory's leap year rule is a rigid formula whose calculated results do not match year lengths over extended periods of time.
	www.12x30.net /gregory.html (628 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Pope Gregory II - Appeal to Charles Martel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Gregory II - Appeal to Charles Martel, 739
		As a result, the popes tunred increasingly in the 8th century towards the Franks and made a series of alliances, in particular, with the Carolingian majors of the palace.
		In our great affliction we have thought it necessary to write to you a second time, believing that you are a loving son of St. Peter, the prince of apostles, and of ourselves, and that out of reverence for him you would obey our commands to defend the church of God and his chosen people.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/g2-martellet.html (377 words)

	St. Gregory III
		Not unnaturally angry, Gregory was going to degrade George from the priesthood, but the clergy of a synod held to consider the situation, persuaded the Pope to let George off with a penance.
		The Pope granted the request of Egbert of York that he should be made archbishop, thus restoring to England the two metropolitan sees planned by Gregory the Great.
		In the middle of all this trouble, late in 741, St. Gregory III died.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/GREG3.htm (567 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of September 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gregory, however, in the Lateran Council of 601, cause a decree to be issued to all bishops exempting monks from their authority.
		Gregory remained in his monastery about three years and then was ordained by Pope Pelagius II as one of the seven deacons of Rome in 578.
		Gregory hotly contested the use of the title and it was never officially bestowed upon the prelate of Constantinople.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0903.htm (4754 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Saint Gregory III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The end was troubled by the invasions of the Lombards, against these he sought the help of Charles Martel, establishing ties with the French crown that would echo for centuries.
		Pope Gregory III Entrusts Boniface with a Mission to the Heathens
		Pope Gregory III Writes to Boniface about the Organization of the Church in Bavaria
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintg8a.htm (68 words)

	Pope Saint Gregory III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After he was proclaimed Pope Gregory III, Emperor Leo II attacked the veneration of holy images.
		Gregory III didn't just stand there but immediately sent a letter to Leo II.
		Gregory took his stand and Leo II apparently thought the only way to move him was through physical force.
	www.clonard.com /saintpages/gregory3.htm (485 words)

	Franks and Anglo-Saxons 613-899 by Sanderson Beck
		Pope Gregory was succeeded by Zacharias (741-752), who asked for the four towns back in exchange for Transamund being consigned to a cloister.
		Pope Leo III was attacked by personal enemies in 799, and his face was cut.
		Pope Vitalian consecrated a monk from Tarsus named Theodore as a bishop, and he was sent to Britain with Hadrian; Theodore became archbishop of Canterbury, and Hadrian assisted with the teaching as abbot of the monastery.
	www.san.beck.org /AB16-Franks613-899.html (16782 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born in Syria, Pope/St. Gregory III was acclaimed pope by popular demand in 731.
		He was the last pope to seek imperial approval from the Byzantine exarch.
		When the emperor refused, the pope convoked a synod to condemn iconoclasm and to excommunicate iconoclasts.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/gregoryiii.html (175 words)

	Letter from Pope Gregory II to Emperor Leo III (c. 727)
		Those who claim to be both emperors and priests should demonstrate it by their works; you, since the beginning of your rule, have constantly failed to observe the decrees of the fathers.
		If anyone should take from you the adornments of royalty, your purple robes, diadem, scepter, and your ranks of servants, you would be regarded by men as base, hateful and abject; but to this condition you have reduced the churches, for you have deprived them of their ornaments and made them unsightly.
		But you, emperor, since you have transgressed and gone astray, and since you have written with your own hand and confessed that he who attacks the father is to be execrated, have hereby condemned yourself by your own sentence and have driven from you the Holy Spirit.
	rbsche.people.wm.edu /H111_doc_gregoryiitoleoiii.html (1084 words)

	Melkite Greek Catholic Church Information Center First Visit of His Beatitude, Gregorios III, Patriarch / Batiryark of ...
		On Monday morning 12 February, Pope John Paul II received His Beatitude, Grégoire (Gregory) III, the new Patriarch / Batiryark of Antioch and leader of the Greek-Melkite Church, and expressed appreciation for this Church's commitment to ecumenism, according to a religious news service.
		Pope John Paul applauded that ecumenical effort, and urged the Melkite Church to show "prudent courage" in continuing the drive toward Christian unity.
		The Pope described the patriarch as an "ardent defender of the weak" and "tireless architect of peace," especially in the Middle East.
	www.mliles.com /melkite/patvisitromerepgenmeeting.shtml (1397 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He continued Gregory II's opposition to iconoclasm and convoked two synods in Rome in 731, which condemned the heresy.
		In response, Emperor Leo the Iconoclast seized papal patrimonies in Calabria and Sicily and transferred ecclesiastical jurisdiction of those two provinces and Illyrium to the patriarch of Constantinople.
		In the midst of this turmoil, Gregory died (Benedictines, Delaney).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1210.htm (129 words)

	Announcement of a New Patriarch
		At the elective Synod Archbishop Loufit Laham was chosen as the new Patriarch of the Melkite Catholic Church.
		Patriarch Gregory III was born in 1933 in Daraya, Syria (near Damascus).
		Catholic World News reports that Gregory III is "fully expected to obtain the prompt recognition of Pope John Paul II, and to extend the full communion between the Melkite Church and the Holy See."
	www.melkite.org /sa23.htm (260 words)

	Pope Gregory III
		He was the last pope to seek the Byzantine exarch's mandate.
		This page was last modified 22:51, 14 May 2005.
		The article about Pope Gregory III contains information related to Pope Gregory III.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Gregory_III (290 words)

	Interview with Patriarch Gregory III
		This interview was conducted on May 12, 2001 between the editor of Sophia and His Beatitude Patriarch Gregory III on the occasion of his first visit to the USA since his election as Melkite Patriarch of Antioch and all the East.
		The Pope’s visit was such an historic event that its theme was declared by President Bashar Assad, himself, because of the President’s belief that Syria is truly the crossroads of civilizations and the cradle of Christianity.
		The Pope’s visit was a kind gesture from his part to those Eastern Catholics whom the schedule of the trip did not permit to visit, especially those present in Damascus.
	www.melkite.org /sa36.htm (2933 words)

	Aistulf - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The popes, thoroughly irritated and alarmed, and hopeless of aid from the Byzantine empire, turned to the Carolingian mayors of the palace of Austrasia, the effective rulers of the Frankish kingdom.
		In 741, pope Gregory III asked Charles Martel to intervene, but he was to busy elsewhere and declined.
		In return for the transfer by the pope of the Frankish crown from the decayed line of Clovis to his own, Pippin crossed the Alps, defeated Aistulf and gave to the pope the lands which Aistulf had torn from the empire.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Aistulf (206 words)

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