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	Pope Gregory X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He succeeded Pope Clement IV (1265–68) after the papal chair had been vacant for three years due to divisions among the cardinals; the equally split French and Italian cardinals wanted a Pope from their country due to the ongoing political situation with Charles of Anjou.
		Papal Arms of Pope Gregory X. His election came as a complete surprise to him, occurring while he was engaged in the Ninth Crusade to Saint Jean d'Acre with Edward I of England (1272–1307) in Palestine.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_X (408 words)

	Pope Gregory X
		He declared his acceptance of the dignity and took the name of Gregory X. On 13 March he made his entry into Rome, where on the nineteenth of the same month he was ordained to the priesthood.
		After the death of Richard of Cornwall (1272) Gregory advised the German princes to select a new sovereign and refused the demand of Alfonso of Castile, rival of Richard, for recognition as emperor.
		The pope and the emperor met at Lausanne in October of 1273.
	www.heiligenlexikon.de /CatholicEncyclopedia/Gregor_X.html?print (776 words)

	MSN Encarta - What Happens When a Pope Dies?
		The pope is buried between four and six days after he dies, along with his broken ring, seal, and copies of his most important statements and decisions.
		Pope Gregory X (1271-1276)--possibly to avoid the turmoil of his own election--stipulated that the cardinals should gather in the city where the pope died.
		At this point the new pope is taken to the sacristy of the Sistine Chapel and vested in papal robes which are kept there in several sizes.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/Guides/?Article=popewhathappens (1565 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The pope sought to conclude a treaty with Michael VIII Palaeologus and to unite the eastern and western churches.
		Gregory X, therefore, when he convoked the general council on 31 March 1272, outlined three themes: union with the Greeks, the crusade, and the reform of the church.
		Gregory X won the approval of the principal states of Europe for the undertaking and was able, in the second session, to impose heavy taxes (a tenth for six years) in order to carry it out (const.
	library.catholic.org /councils/councils6.txt (9026 words)

	CTV.ca \| CTV News, Shows and Sports - Canadian Television
		Pope John Paul II had named more than 95 percent of the 109 cardinal-electors -- those who as of mid-July were under 80 and thus still eligible to vote in a papal conclave.
		Popes used to be installed with a regal coronation, but that was abolished by Pope John Paul I as being too monarchic.
		Pope John Paul’s legacy is complex, contradictory and global in its reach as he urged his followers to return to the root of their religion.
	www.ctv.ca /generic/WebSpecials/pope/white_smoke.html (969 words)

	Gregory IX: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Gregory ordered the first complete and authoritative collection of papal decretals, the Corpus Iuris Canonici, which remained a fundamental source of canon law until the promulagtion of the Codex Iuris Canonici in 1917.
		Gregory IX organized (1233) the Inquisition and gave special responsibility for it to the Dominicans.
		Pope Gregory IX opened proceedings to canonize her in 1233, but the process was never concluded.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/gregory_ix.jsp (1699 words)

	Online edition of Sunday Observer - Features
		Pope John Paul II is the most travelled and possibly the most athletic pope in history; he skied, kayaked, hiked, took daring swims in the Skawa river and climbed mountains.
		In 1059 Pope Nicholas II decreed that henceforth all papal electors must be cardinals and in 1179 Pope Alexander III gave all cardinals an equal vote in the election.
		In 1274, Pope Gregory X decided that the cardinals must meet within ten days of a pope's death and that they should be kept in seclusion until a pope was chosen.
	www.sundayobserver.lk /2005/03/06/fea15.html (2108 words)

	Councils of Lyons
		The second of these councils was held in 1274 under Pope Gregory X. Attended by some 500 bishops, it was called principally to effect a reunion of the Western and Eastern churches, but, although a reunion was indeed reached at the council, it proved transitory.
		Already in 1240 Pope Gregory IX had tried to define the questions between the two powers by calling a general council, but Frederick II by arms had prevented the council from meeting.
		After the death of Pope Clement IV (29 November 1268) almost three years passed before the cardinals were able to elect a new pope, Gregory X (1 September 1271).
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/lyons.htm (13622 words)

	Sometimes sordid: Conclaves of past long on bribes, short on bread
		Anxious for a new pope, the ruler of Rome had the remaining 10 cardinals confined in a squalid, crumbling palace.
		Gregory's rules were tough -- the cardinals' rations were slowly reduced over the course of the conclave -- but they worked.
		In his memoirs, Pius II, a Renaissance pope, recalled with distaste the unsavory plotting at the 1458 conclave in which he was elected.
	www.suntimes.com /output/pope/cst-nws-phist04.html (422 words)

	SBU Dept. of History & Political Science: HIS 1113 Lecture Twenty-seven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In January 1077 Gregory made a rest stop along the journey to Germany and was the guest of the Countess Matilda of Tuscany at her mountain chateau at Canossa (on the north slopes of the Apennines south of the Po River).
		Indeed, Gregory VII announced publicly that he was going to personally lead an army of 50 thousand men to Constantinople and deliver that city from the Seljuk threat, and preside there over a council that would re-unite the church.
		Pope Urban II had likewise renewed the excommunication of Henry IV who was struggling in vain to subdue forces of the Countess Matilda in Lombardy after 1090.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/hi13le27.html (4897 words)

	Electing a New Pope \| Ask a Franciscan - May 2005 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online
		In 1996, Pope John Paul II reaffirmed Pope Paul VI’s 1970 decision that only the cardinals younger than 80 when the vacancy begins may vote for the new pope, and that 120 is the maximum number of electors.
		The pope later wrote, “I also ask the one who is elected not to refuse, for fear of its weight, the office to which he has been called, but to submit humbly to the design of the divine will.
		In the Introduction to this document, Pope John Paul II explained: “The reason for this provision is the desire not to add to the weight of such venerable age the further burden of responsibility for choosing the one who will have to lead Christ’s flock in ways adapted to the needs of the times.
	americancatholic.org /Messenger/May2005/Wiseman.asp (1255 words)

	May 7: Second Council of Lyons
		But Gregory was also keen on restoring unity between the churches of the east (Orthodox) and the church of the west (Roman), which had broken two centuries earlier.
		The Greek delegates accepted some Roman teachings that they had rejected before then: the pope's claims to be head of the church, the doctrine of purgatory, seven sacraments, and a disputed wording in the creed.
		The cardinals had been deadlocked for three years before the election of Pope Gregory X. In fact, they had finally only made a decision because the common people took the roof off their meeting place.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/05/daily-05-07-2003.shtml (589 words)

	Pope Gregory X 1272 Protections of the Jews
		Even as it is not allowed to the Jews in their assemblies presumptuously to undertake for themselves more than that which is permitted them by law, even so they ought not to suffer any disadvantage in those [privileges] which have been granted them.
		Gregory X here— in accordance with the medieval legal principle that every man has the right to be judged by his peers — insists that Jews can only be condemned if there are Jewish as well as Christian witnesses against them.
		Since it happens occasionally that some Christians lose their children, the Jews are accused by their enemies of secretly carrying off and killing these same Christian children and of making sacrifices of the heart and blood of these very children.
	www.ewtn.com /library/PAPALDOC/G10JPROT.HTM (546 words)

	papal conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Given this background, when the pope dies, there is a nine-day period of mourning, during which time the prescribed funeral rites are performed.
		Pope John Paul II asserted, "I further confirm by my apostolic authority the duty of maintaining the strictest secrecy with regard to everything that directly or indirectly concerns the election process itself" (Intro.).
		Although later rescinded, the Council also mandated that if a pope was not elected after three days, then the cardinals would only have one meal at noon and one at night; and if a pope was not elected after five days, they would receive only bread, water and wine.
	www.catholicherald.com /saunders/05ws/ws050310.htm (1024 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of January 10
		Born in Piacenza, Italy, in 1210; died at Rezzo, Italy, January 10, 1276; beatified in 1713; added to the Roman Martyrology by Pope Benedict XIV (reigned 1740-1758).
		Gregory also convoked the 14th General Council at Lyons in 1274, which effected a short-lived reconciliation with the Eastern churches but was unsuccessful in launching the crusade (which was the general reason the Eastern churches were willing to negotiate a reunion).
		Gregory died on his way back from the council (Benedictines, Delaney).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0110.htm (1470 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gregory X (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Gregory was archdeacon of LiEge when elected and neither a cardinal nor a priest.
		He convoked the Second Council of Lyons (1274; see Lyons, Second Council of) and led in its work, particularly in the temporary reunion with the Orthodox of Constantinople.
		He was succeeded by Innocent V. Gregory was beatified in 1713.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gregory10.html (225 words)

	BLESSED INNOCENT V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The very next year Pope Gregory X chose Lyons as the site of a general council of the Church.
		After the council, Peter's reputation stood high, and when Gregory X died in 1276, the cardinals thought at once of the charming and capable archbishop of Lyons.
		To Genoa, torn with civil war, the Pope sent a letter pleading for peace, and it was consolation to Innocent that on his deathbed word was brought of his success.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp183.htm (467 words)

	May 12 DAILY CATHOLIC TEXT Section One (may12txt.htm)
		The story of Blessed Pope Gregory X is the subject matter of today's sixty-eighth installment in which we see the justice he wielded both as pope and as a holy man governing his flock.
		Gregory was big on clergy reform and with the help of the latter two saints, carried out the reforms in the best manner possible.
		Gregory was a power that would be hard to follow though the cardinals tried when they elected Pope Blessed Innocent V to succeed him as we shall see in the next installment: Blessed Innocent V: First Dominican Pope.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/May/may12txt.htm (4020 words)

	Pope Gregory X
		CatholiCity > Catholic Encyclopedia > Pope Gregory X
		The death of Pope Clement IV 929 November, 1268) left the Holy See vacant for almost three years.
		GUIRAUD, Les Registres de Gregoire X, Recueil des bulles de ce Pape in Bibliotheque des Ecoles francaises de Rome et d"Athenes (Paris, 1892--); POTTHAST, Regesta Romanorum Pontificum, II (Berlin, 1875), 1651 sq.; Vitae Gregorii X, ed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/gregory_x,pope.html (804 words)

	Protection of the Jews
		Gregory, bishop, servant of the servants of God, extends greetings and the apostolic benediction to the beloved sons in Christ, the faithful Christians, to those here now and to those in the future.
		Gregory X here -- in accordance with the medieval legal principle that every man has the right to be judged by his peers -- insists that Jews can only be condemned if there are Jewish as well as Christian witnesses against them.
		Given at Orvieto by the hand of the Magister John Lectator, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, on the 7th of October, n the first indiction [cycle of fifteen years], in the year 1272 of the divine incarnation, in the first year of the pontificate of our master, the Pope Gregory X.
	www.papalencyclicals.net /Greg10/g10jprot.htm (684 words)

	College of Cardinals - The Papal Conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		This was a simple method, but it became impractical as the Christian population grew in size and there arose rival claimants and a certain hostility between the upper classes (the patricians) and the lower classes (the plebeians), each of whom had their own candidates.
		After this time, the popes sought the protection of the Franks, and in 769, Pope Stephen III convened a synod at Rome that confirmed the decree of 502 (under Symmachus) that laypeople should no longer vote for the popes and that only higher clerics should be considered eligible.
		A major reform was achieved in 1059 when Pope Nicholas II decreed that the cardinal bishops should choose the popes, a procedure modified by the Third Lateran Council (1179), which declared an end to distinctions among the three orders of cardinals in terms of voting, and requiring that a candidate receive a two-thirds majority.
	www.osv.com /catholicalmanac/conclave.asp (884 words)

	The American Thinker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The death of Pope Clement IV on 29 November 1268 began a papal interregnum of almost three years, until Teobaldo Visconti was elected on 1 September 1271, then crowned with the name of Pope Gregory X on 27 March 1272.
		Gregory then institutionalized conclave for the election of his successor, a process that continues to this day.
		These sermons are remarkably similar in the portrait they paint of John Paul II and, by implication, in the advice the homilists are giving their fellow cardinal-electors.
	www.americanthinker.com /articles.php?article_id=4422 (1864 words)

	Electing a pope: The real story - Pope Benedict XVI - MSNBC.com
		Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany was chosen as successor to Pope John Paul II, becoming the 265th pontiff.
		Pope Nicholas II decreed that only cardinals could choose the pope in 1059, seeking to stop outside interference.
		Popes Callistus III, elected in 1455, and Alexander VI, his nephew, who was elected in 1492, were Borgias for real.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7547108 (677 words)

	BLESSED GREGORY X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		To help the hopelessly split cardinals come to a decision the people of Viterbo threatened to cut off their food supply and actually did tear the roof off the house in which they were deliberating!
		He was consecrated March 13, 1271, and took the name of Gregory X. Gregory X was a man of large ideas, one of the great medieval popes.
		Gregory proved to be an efficient ruler of the Papal States and a charitable father to the poor.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp182.htm (455 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide to documents and events (76-2005)
		After the tumultuos and prolonged conclave of 1271 which elected Pope Gregory X, this Pontiff issued an apostolic constitution intended to avoid similar disorders in the future.
		This pope, elected in conclave on December 24, 1294, inserted the constitution of Gregory X in the Corpus juris canonici, Sexti Decretal, 1.
		The pope allowed the cardinals to wear the red cassock and also issued the most serious pains to those who offended them by word or deed.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/guide-xiii.htm (1055 words)

	Catholic World News : Toward the conclave #5: a brief history of conclaves
		In 1870 the Quirinal became the residence of the Italian king, as Rome was established as the capital of the new monarchy.
		But Pope Paul VI had also imposed the rule that cardinals over 80 could not vote in a papal election, so "only" 111 prelates took part in the conclave that would choose the first Roman Pontiff of the post-conciliar Church.
		The sudden death of Pope John Paul I--whose pontificate lasted only 33 days, one of the shortest terms in history-- probably caused cardinal-electors to look for a younger, more physically robust candidate, who could withstand the rigorous demands of the 20th-century papacy.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=36406 (1518 words)

	Papal conclaves have colorful history - Pope Benedict XVI - MSNBC.com
		Benedict XVI is installed as pope in a Mass in St. Peter's Square on Sunday.
		From boyhood to war to seminary to the Vatican, images trace the career of Joseph Ratzinger, elected as the 265th pope of the Catholic Church.
		Gregory’s rules were tough — the cardinals’ rations were slowly reduced over the course of the conclave — but they worked.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7373429 (640 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Choosing a Pope
		Much history and tradition surround the death of a pope and the selection of a new one.
		• The custom of a pope taking a new name dates to the year 533, when a cardinal named Mercury was elected.
		Not wanting the pope to have the name of a god from mythology, he became John II.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A25819-2005Apr4?language=printer (134 words)

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