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	Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory XI Moldova has one of the smallest artillery forces in Europe, and the highest rate in the world of death by powered lawnmower.
		Pope Boniface VIII (1294 - 1303), born Benedict Caetani and an experienced politician sometimes described as brusque and arrogant, was a ferocious proponent of the Universal Sovereignty of the Papacy over all Christendom, as stated in the Papal bull "Dictatus Papae" by Pope Gregory VII.
		Although the Pope was French born and still under strong influence by the French King, the increasing conflict between factions friendly and hostile to the Pope posed a threat to the Papal lands and to the allegiance of Rome itself.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Gregory-XI (1271 words)

	Pope Gregory XIII - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585.
		The work with which the name of Gregory XIII is most honorably associated is that of the reformation of the calendar, producing the Gregorian calendar with the aid of priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius.
		Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth in 1582, and most probably knew nothing about it beforehand.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Gregory_XIII (632 words)

	Pope Gregory XI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1336 – March 27, 1378), Pope from 1370 to 1378, born in Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336, succeeded Pope Urban V (1362–70) in 1370 as one of the Avignon Popes.
		Gregory XI did not long survive this removal, dying on March 27, 1378.
		His successor was Pope Urban VI (1378–89), but the antipope Clement VII (1378–89) also received much support, and the Western Schism (1378–1417) lasted almost forty years.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI (225 words)

	Pope Gregory XI
		Pope Gregory XI Born in 1331, at the castle of Maumont in the Dioceses of Limoges; died 27 March, 1378, at Rome.
		Success was at first on the side of Bernabo, but when Gregory XI obtained the support of the emperor, the Queen of Naples, the King of Hungary, and bought into his service the English condottiere John Hawkwood, Bernabo sued for peace.
		Like the preceding popes of Avignon, Gregory XI made the fatal mistake of appointing Frenchmen, who did not understand the Italians and whom the Italians hated, as legates and governors of the ecclesiastical provinces in Italy.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/gregory_xi,pope.html (884 words)

	Search Results for "Pope ..."
		Pope s own methods of publication were so various and intricate, and the number of books, pamphlets and articles dealing with his life and writings is so very...
		Pope s literary activity in this first stretch of his career was singularly varied.
		Pope is a memorable example of a conscious literary artist, the type in our...
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Pope+... (436 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gregory the Great
		Gregory's father was Gordianus, a wealthy patrician, probably of the famous gens Amicia, who owned large estates in Sicily and a mansion on the Caelian Hill in Rome, the ruins of which, apparently in a wonderful state of preservation, still await excavation beneath the Church of St. Andrew and St. Gregory.
		Gregory's mind and memory were both exceptionally receptive, and it is to the effect produced on him by these disasters that we must attribute the tinge of sadness which pervades his writings and especially his clear expectation of a speedy end to the world.
		Gregory of Tours tells us that in grammar, rhetoric and dialectic he was so skilful as to be thought second to none in all Rome, and it seems certain also that he must have gone through a course of legal studies.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06780a.htm (7836 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - The Church
		It was not until 1376, however, that Pope Gregory XI (1370-1378) yielded to public pressure and decided to return the papal court to Rome after an absence of seven decades, although he died before the move was completed.
		After the death of Pope Gregory XI in 1378, the French-dominated curia elected an Italian pope to appease the riotous Roman mobs.
		Meanwhile, Pope Urban VI appointed new cardinals to fill the French vacancies and, for the next thirty-seven years, the Church was split by the Great Schism which saw papal courts established at both Rome and Avignon.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/church.html (1420 words)

	Pope Gregory XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bede and Gregory's allusive angles.(The Venerable Bede and Pope Gregory the Great)(Critical Essay)
		The Path to a New Pontiff: On the outside, the election of a new Pope is a carefully choreographed ritual steeped in Cat...
		Pope Gregory XI Gregory XI, né Pierre Roger de Beaufort (ca.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Pope_Gregory_XI (302 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Gregory VII
		In sending the formal announcement of his elevation to Henry IV of Germany, he took occasion to indicate frankly the attitude, which, as sovereign pontiff, he was prepared to assume in dealing with the Christian princes, and, with a note of grave personal warning besought the king not to bestow his approval.
		During the year 1074 the pope's mind was also greatly occupied by the project of an expedition to the East for the deliverance of the Oriental Christians from the oppression of the Seljuk Turks.
		Henry's conduct toward the pope was meanwhile characterized by the greatest duplicity, and, when he went so far as to threaten to set up an antipope, Gregory renewed in 1080 the sentence of excommunication against him.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06791c.htm (3383 words)

	Papal Schism, 100Years War, Black Plague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The humiliation that the Pope suffered at the hands of Charles of Anjou was compounded by the increasing polarization among the different political factions in the city of Rome.
		Although the move was undertaken in part to insure the Pope freedom of action, it appeared to many in Europe that the presence of the papacy in France compromised the Pope's independence and made the papacy the vassal of the French crown.
		Gregory was so distraught at the conditions in Rome and remembered with such delight the splendor of Avignon that he made plans to move the papacy back to Avignon.
	www.li.suu.edu /library/courses/hum101/papal.htm (2027 words)

	GREGORY XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		GREGORY XI If ever a youngster could have been spoiled by early honors, it was Pierre Roger de Beaufort who became Pope Gregory XI.
		The story of Gregory XI is the drama of his return to Rome.
		Gregory, his heart torn, courageously stepped over the old man. With this act of obedience to Christ's command to hate one's father, the Avignon exile of the papacy came to an end.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp199.htm (529 words)

	Hundred Years War Timeline 1371 - 1380
		Pope Gregory XI, in alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor, the queen of Naples, the king of Hungary and with the paid services of Sir John Hawkwood, force Bernabo Visconti, duke of Milan, to come to terms.
		Pope Gregory XI issues five papal bulls condemning the errors of John Wyclif.
		Bartolomeo Prignano, Archbishop of Bari and papal chancellor, is elected as pope Urban VI.
	www.maisonstclaire.org /timeline/1371.html (2758 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Gregory XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gregory XI (1329-1378), pope (1370-1378), responsible for the return of the papacy to Rome from Avignon, where it had resided between 1309 and 1377....
		In 1376 Wycliffe enunciated the doctrine of “dominion as founded in grace”, according to which all authority is conferred directly by the grace of God...
		In 1376 Catherine journeyed to Avignon to plead with Pope Gregory XI on behalf of Florence, then at war with the papacy.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Gregory_XI.html (122 words)

	Pope Gregory XI
		Gregory XI, born Pierre Roger de Beaufort, Roman Catholic Pope from the 30th of December 1370 to the 27th of March 1378, born in Limousin in 1330, created cardinal-deacon of Sta.
		Maria Nuova by his uncle, Pope Clement VI, was the successor of Urban V. His efforts to establish peace between France and England and to aid the Eastern Christians against the Turks were fruitless, but he prevented the Visconti of Milan from making further encroachments on the States of the Church.
		He was the last of the French popes who for some seventy years had made Avignon their see, a man learned and full of zeal for the church, but irresolute and guilty of nepotism.
	www.nndb.com /people/126/000094841 (246 words)

	Avignon Popes - Provence Beyond
		A severe disagreement between Pope Boniface VIII and France's Capetian King Philip IV, the Fair (kings), led to the election of a French Pope in 1305.
		Gregory XI (1370-1378), was Pierre Roger de Beaufort.
		Gregory XI devoted his rule to restoring the Papacy to Rome, which he achieved in 1376.
	www.beyond.fr /villages/avignonpopes.html (457 words)

	Late Middle Ages - Pope Gregory XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gregory XI Gregory XI The next pope was actually the nephew of a previous one--Clement VI.
		War raged and it was not until the pope hired the famous mercenary John Hawkwood that he was finally able to gain favorable terms, in 1374.
		Gregory finally decided he needed for his own safety to get out of town, and he went to Anagni in May 1377.
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/papacy/gregoryxi.html (572 words)

	Pope Gregory XI - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Gregory XI - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		1336 – March 27, 1378), pope from 1370 to 1378, born in Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336, succeeded Urban V in 1370 as one of the Avignon popes.
		Pope Gregory XI, Popes, French popes, 1336 births and 1378 deaths.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Gregory_XI (226 words)

	Mary Ann Fatula: Current Trends: Catherine of Siena and Our Call to the Work of Justice and Peace
		She kept urging Pope Gregory XI to return the papal residence from its opulent setting in Avignon to Rome.
		Gregory's return to Rome eventually resulted in a schism which found two, and then three men claiming to be pope.
		She urges Gregory XI not to "look the other way" out of fear of displeasing his church officials, but to root out injustice to the poor on the part of his clergy.
	www.spiritualitytoday.org /spir2day/91434fatula.html (3060 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Gregory XI; Pierre Roger de Beaufort
		Pope Gregory XI Reigned from 30 December 1370 to 27 March 1378.
		Born in 1331 in the castle of Maumont, Limoges, France as Pierre Roger de Beaufort; died Rome, Italy.
		Canonist, theologian, and cardinal-deacon, he was ordained a priest one day before his consecration as pope.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03732.htm (131 words)

	Gregory XI -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Gregory XIII made him bishop of Pistoia, Italy, in 1573, archbishop of Florence in 1574, and cardinal in 1583.
		In 1375, provoked by the aggressiveness of the Pope's legates in Italy, Florence incited a widespread revolt in the Papal States.
		In 1377 Pope Gregory XI began to reside in a house on Vatican Hill.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9038029 (556 words)

	Pope Gregory XI, Return to Rome - 1376 - Timeline Index
		Gregory finally heeded St. Catherine's pleas and returned to Rome (Jan., 1377), thus ending the Babylonian Captivity of the popes on French soil.
		He was the last of the French popes and was succeeded by Urban VI.
		Gregory issued the first condemnation of the teachings of John Wyclif.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1276 (238 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Condemnation of Wycliffe, 1382
		Gregory, bishop, servus servorum dei, to his beloved sons the Chancellor and University of Oxford, in the diocese of Lincoln, grace and apostolic benediction.
		That if the pope is fore-ordained to destruction and a wicked man, and therefore a member of the devil, no power has been given to him over the faithful of Christ by any one, unless perhaps by the Emperor.
		I suppose over this that the pope be most obliged to the keeping of the gospel among all men that live here; for the pope is highest vicar that Christ has here in earth.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1382wycliffe.html (1631 words)

	Pope Gregory IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of the first acts of his was to suspend the emperor Frederick II then lying sick at Otranto for dilatoriness in carrying out the Sixth Crusade.
		A consequent invasion of the of St Peter at the instance of in 1228 having proved unsuccessful the emperor was to give in his submission and beg absolution.
		This pope who was a remarkably skilful learned lawyer caused to be prepared in 1234 the well known Nova Compilatio Decretalium printed at Mainz in 1473.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Gregory_IX (310 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Pope is elected by the Sacred College of Cardinals.
		Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory were deposed at the Council of Sutri (1046) and a German bishop (Suidger) became Pope Clement II.
		Pope Eugenius III made him Bishop and Cardinal and sent him on a mission to Scandinavia where he restored peace and order to the local churches and monasteries and set up two new archbishoprics.
	hometown.aol.com /calderdale/mmp164.html (2714 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pope gregory xi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_gregory_xi (905 words)

	Pope Gregory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Gregory has been the name of sixteen Roman Catholic Popes:
		Pope Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great
		Pope Gregory XIII, responsible for the Gregorian calendar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory (100 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		To Roman Catholics, the Pope may be the holiest man on earth, the heir and keeper of the deepest truths of religion.
		Gregory, Sylvester, and Benedict were all pushed aside by the Emperor Henry III, who installed Clement II (1046).
		Popes from a similiar family, the Medici, are featured in the genealogy of the Medici given with the rulers of Tuscany.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Saint Catherine of Siena
		It was partly, perhaps, with a view to turning the energies of Christendom away from civil wars that Catherine threw herself into Pope Gregory's campaign for another crusade to wrest the Holy Sepulchre from the Turks.
		Gregory had been ready to go back to Rome with his court, but the opposition of the French cardinals had deterred him.
		Letter to Gregory XI In the name of Jesus Christ crucified and of sweet Mary: Most holy and most reverend my father in Christ Jesus: I Catherine your poor unworthy daughter, servant and slave of the servants of Christ, write to you in His precious blood; with desire to see you a good shepherd.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CATSIENA.HTM (3542 words)

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