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	Pope Gregory XIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585.
		The work with which the name of Gregory XIII is most honourably associated is that of the reformation of the calendar, producing the Gregorian calendar with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius.
		Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth in 1582, and most probably knew nothing about it beforehand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII (1227 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory XIII
		Thus Gregory XIII at least partly restored the old faith in England and the northern countries of Europe, supplied the Catholics in those countries with their necessary priests, and introduced Christianity into the pagan countries of Eastern Asia.
		In 1581, Gregory XIII dispatched the Jesuit Antonio Possevino as nuncio to Russia, to mediate between Tsar Ivan IV and King Bathory of Poland.
		The medal which Gregory XIII had struck in memory of the event bears his effigy on the obverse, which ion the reverse under the legend Vgonotiorum Strages (overthrow of the Huguenots) stands an angel with cross and drawn sword, killing the Huguenots.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07001b.htm (2534 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gregory the Great
		Gregory's father was Gordianus, a wealthy patrician, probably of the famous gens Amicia, who owned large estates in Sicily and a mansion on the Caelian Hill in Rome, the ruins of which, apparently in a wonderful state of preservation, still await excavation beneath the Church of St. Andrew and St. Gregory.
		Gregory's mind and memory were both exceptionally receptive, and it is to the effect produced on him by these disasters that we must attribute the tinge of sadness which pervades his writings and especially his clear expectation of a speedy end to the world.
		Gregory of Tours tells us that in grammar, rhetoric and dialectic he was so skilful as to be thought second to none in all Rome, and it seems certain also that he must have gone through a course of legal studies.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06780a.htm (7836 words)

	Pope Gregory XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gregory XIII, né Ugo Buoncampagno (January 7, 1502 - April 10, 1585) was pope (1572 - 1585).
		The work with which the name of Gregory XIII is most honorably associated is that of the reformation of the calendar, producing the "Gregorian calendar" in universal use today.
		Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate the queen, and most probably knew nothing about it beforehand.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_gregory_xiii (584 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Pope Gregory
		Gregory XIII (1502-1585), pope from 1572 to 1585, who carried out the reform of the Julian calendar, producing the system currently in use...
		Gregory I, Saint (540?-604), pope (590-604), who was the last of the four original Doctors of the Church.
		Gregory XI (1329-78), pope (1370-78), responsible for the return of the papacy to Rome from Avignon, France, where it had resided between 1309 and...
	encarta.msn.com /Pope_Gregory.html (128 words)

	Pope Gregory XIV
		Gregory XIV, born Nicoló Sfondrato, Roman Catholic Pope 1590-91, was born in Cremona, on the 11th of February 1535, studied in Perugia, and Padua, became bishop of his native place in 1560, and took part in the Council of Trent, 1562-63.
		Gregory was completely subservient to Philip II; he aided the league, excommunicated Henry of Navarre, and threatened his adherents with the ban; but the effect of his intervention was only to rally the moderate Catholics to the support of Henry, and to hasten his conversion.
		Gregory died on the 15th of October 1591, and was succeeded by Pope Innocent IX.
	www.nndb.com /people/133/000094848 (177 words)

	Pope Gregory XIII
		Gregory XIII, born Ugo Buoncompagno, Roman Catholic Pope from 1572 to 1585, was born on the 7th of January 1502, in Bologna, where he received his education, and subsequently taught, until called to Rome (1539) by Pope Paul III, who employed him in various offices.
		He submitted to the influence of the rigorists, and carried forward the war upon heresy, though not with the savage vehemence of his predecessor.
		Amid these disturbances Gregory died, on the 10th of April 1585, leaving to his successor, Pope Sixtus V, the task of pacifying the state.
	www.nndb.com /people/130/000094845 (405 words)

	St Peter's - Monument to Gregory XIII
		The pope is shown with famous mathematicians and astronomers including the Jesuit Priest Ignatius Danti, Father Clavius of Bamberg and Antonio Lilio of Calabria, who are well visible because the allegorical figure of Wisdom, with helmet and shield is lifting the drapery to reveal the meeting of scientists presided over by the pope.
		Gregory XIII was Counter-Reformation Pope, he had direct contact with many saints, including Charles Borromeo, Philip Neri, Ignatius Loyola, and indirect contact with St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross.
		Gregory's original tomb, designed by Ciro Ferri and executed by Prospero Antichi, was located where Gregory XIV was to be buried and so was moved in 1591 to another niche in St. Peter's when Gregory XIV died.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Monuments/GregoryXIII/GregoryXIII.htm (983 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Gregory XIV
		Prohibited, on pain of excommunication, betting on the election of a pope, the length of his life or pontificate, or on the creation of cardinals, which were common practices in his day.
		Gregory opposed Henry Navarre whom Pope Sixtus V had declared a heretic.
		Gregory renewed the decree of excommunication and with the help of King Philip II of Spain he began to field an army to drive Henry from power.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0229.htm (302 words)

	St Peter's - Monument to Gregory XIIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The funerary monument of Gregory XIV (Niccolo Sfondrati, born in Somma Lombardo, Varese,in 1535, and pope from 1590 to 1591) is one of the less elaborate in the Basilica and consists of a niche set into the wall with a simple sarcophagus below, bearing the dedicatory inscription.
		The pontificate of Gregory XIV was one of the least popular and least successful in history, marred as it was by the appointment of his incompetent nephew as cardinal secretary of state and by plague, food shortages and lawlessness in Rome.
		Muratori, on that subject, remarks: "This good pope, then, was surrounded either by stupid physicians or culpable ministers." The pope soon sank under the violence of his sufferings, and died on the 15th of October, 1591, at the age of fifty-six.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Monuments/GregoryXIIII/GregoryXIIII.htm (812 words)

	GREGORY XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gregory XIII was not particularly successful in his political ventures.
		Gregory was a careful watchman over the purity of the faith.
		Gregory was delighted, and the envoys edified all by their sincere piety and charming manners.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp224.htm (466 words)

	Gregorian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Neapolitan doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 (Note: The papal bull Inter gravissimas was signed in the year 1581 for unknown reasons, but printed on 1 March 1582.
		The Gregorian Calendar was devised because the mean year in the Julian Calendar was a little too long, causing the vernal equinox to slowly drift backwards in the calendar year.
		Lilius originally proposed that the 10 day correction should be implemented by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences during a period of 40 years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gregorian_Calendar (3829 words)

	Catholic Ireland
		When Pope Gregory promulgated the revised calendar, Christendom was in the process of being divided into Catholic and Protestant countries.
		From the fact that there was a dragon on the coat of arms of Pope Gregory XIII it was deduced that the great dragon of the Apocalypse would deluge Europe in blood if the device of Antichrist was adopted.
		Elizabeth had been excommunicated by Pope Pius V in 1570, and her subjects were declared to be released from the duty to obey her.
	www.catholicireland.net /pages/index.php?nd=100&art=559 (978 words)

	Gregory XIII -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Because of his expertise in canon law, he was sent by Pope Pius IV in 1561 to the Council of Trent (Trento, Italy), where he remained until 1563.
		He was elected pope on May 14, 1572, succeeding St. Pius V. Gregory began promoting church reform and the Counter-Reformation by pledging to execute the reforming decrees of the Council of Trent.
		Gregory is often criticized for backing the Irish rebels against the anti-Catholic actions of Queen Elizabeth I of England and for his reaction to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, the slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants) that began in Paris on August 24, 1572, and spread throughout France.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9038031 (935 words)

	Gregory XIII biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On the death of Pius V, Gregory was elected Pope in 1572.
		He showed great zeal for the promotion and improvement of education, especially for the clergy, as a means of combating Protestantism; a large proportion of the colleges in Rome were wholly or in part endowed by him, and his expenditure for educational purposes is said to have exceeded 2,000,000 Roman crowns.
		When the news of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew reached Rome, Gregory and his cardinals solemnly celebrated the event at the church of San Marco, on Sept. 6, 1572, as the suppression of a conspiracy not alone against Charles IX, King of France, but also against the Church.
	www.dromo.info /gregoryxiibioi.htm (265 words)

	Wavelength 12 - Ten days that shook the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The monument to Gregory XIII in the Vatican basilica.
		At the same time, Pope Gregory decreed that henceforth the year was to begin on 1st January, instead of 1st March as previously.
		Pope Gregory had intended the New Style to be adopted universally in 1583.
	www.uwe.ac.uk /fas/wavelength/wave12/johnson.html (1573 words)

	The Fraudulent Papacy
		For example, pope Gregory XIII said that it was not murder to abort an embryo of less than 40 days.
		Then in 1869 pope Pius IX decreed that the killing of an embryo was murder, decreeing excommunication as the penalty.
		He was not the pope or a pope, and he was not even in attendance at the AD 325 Council of Nicaea.
	www.inplainsite.org /html/the_fraudulent_papacy.html (2143 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 12, 1583
		Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace in the pontificate of Pope Julius III.
		Pope Paul V had asked the Republic of Venice to waive several laws which concerned the goods of the church and the ecclesiastical immunity and also to hand over two clerics who had been arrested because of criminal offences to be tried by church judges.
		Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace in the pontificate of Pope Pius IV (1559-1565).
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1583.htm (12628 words)

	Gregory XIII and the Calendar
		It was on this date, May 13, 1572, that Ugo Buoncompagni was elected Pope Gregory XIII at age 70.
		But Gregory XIII is remembered in history for one innovation: the reform of the calendar that now bears his name.
		Pope Clement VI had sought some advice on calendar reform in 1344.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0513almanac.htm (385 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The Sixteenth Century Continued again (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pope Gregory XIII Canonized the Founder of the Premonstratensians, St. Norbert.
		Pope St. Gregory XIII elevated Bishop Niccolo Sfondrati to the College of Cardinals.
		Pope Sixtus V immediately set out to restore order to the Papal State, which Pope St. Gregory XIII had left in the grip of uncontrollable banditry.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/1581.html (2563 words)

	Gregory's Contribution
		Pope Gregory and his scientists decided to deal with the first of their four calendar problems by dropping a certain number of days from the year 1582.
		These unfortunate reactions had not been foreseen by Gregory XIII and his advisers, who had expected that the revision would be accepted as a sound scientific action without religious connotations.
		The Pope's viewpoint, however, was strongly ecclesiastical: his primary concern was to make certain that he inconveniences of the church calendar were remedied, and he may have felt that any further action would endanger the simpler program he had in mind.
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/gregory.html (1941 words)

	Biography – Pope Urban VII – The Papal Library
		Pope Urban VII was born at Rome, on the 4th of August, 1521, of a noble Genoese family.
		On his return to Rome he resigned, without a pension, the archbishopric of Rossano; and Gregory XIII sent him as nuncio to Venice, whence Gregory removed him to be for a year governor of Bologna.
		At length, after this active life, full of important services to the Church, he was created by Gregory XIII cardinal, on the 12th of December, 1583, and sent as legate to Bologna.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/Papal_Library/UrbanVII/biography.html (898 words)

	Pope Gregory's Calendar Changes
		Following some of the council's recommendations, Pope Pius V modified both the intercalation rule and lunar tables used to determine Easter's date.
		Gregory completed modification of the old intercalation rule by specifying that any year whose number ended with 00 must also be evenly divisible by 400 in order to have a 29-day February.
		This is because Gregory's leap year rule is a rigid formula whose calculated results do not match year lengths over extended periods of time.
	www.12x30.net /gregory.html (628 words)

	NATURALIST'S ALMANAC \| APRIL 1 \| APRIL FOOL'S DAY
		That was the year Pope Gregory XIII reformed Julius Caesar's calendar to realign it with the natural year.
		Pope Gregory's most significant reforms had to do with getting rid of the extra leap days that had accumulated and devising a more precise formula for future leap years.
		To common folk, habit and tradition seemed more real than a calender that could be changed by a Pope, so some clung stubbornly to their March 25-April 1 celebrations.
	www.naturalistsalmanac.com /0401fools.html (378 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Gregory XIII
		Papal legate to Campagna in 1555 for Pope Julius III.
		Attended the Council of Trent from 1558 to 1563 for Pope Pius IV.
		Some historians have criticized Gregory for ordering the massacre of Huguenots on Saint Bartholomew's Day, 1572, but he knew nothing about it until it was done, and even his enemies agreed that he cried over the cruel act.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0226.htm (373 words)

	Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn Aspects of Maronite History
		In 1580 Pope Gregory XIII sent the Jesuits John Baptist Eliano and John Baptist Bruno to Lebanon as his legates.
		Patriarch Michael el-Ruzzi had asked Pope Pius V in 1568 to establish a house in Rome as a school for Maronite students to learn theology so that on their return they would better serve the Maronites.
		On February 9, 1582, Pope Gregory XIII erected a guest house in Rome for the Maronites and set aside 200 ducats as a pension for its support.
	www.stmaron.org /html/marhist5.html (2109 words)

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