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	Pope Gregory XV
		Gregory XIII and Clement VIII had already previously formed temporary congregations of cardinals to look after the interest of particular foreign missions, but Gregory XV was the first to erect a permanent congregation, whose sphere of activity should extend over all foreign missions (see PROPAGANDA).
		The great activity which Gregory XV displayed in the inner management of the Church was equalled by his efficacious interposition in the politics of the world, whenever the interests of Catholicity were involved.
		Gregory XV then sent Carlos Caraffa as nuncio to Vienna, to assist the emperor by his advice in his efforts to suppress Protestantism, especially in Bohemia and Moravia, where the Protestants considerably outnumbered the Catholics.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/gregory_xv,pope.html (1633 words)

	Pope Gregory XV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory XV, born Alessandro Ludovisi (January 9, 1554 – July 8, 1623), Pope (1621-1623), born at Bologna, succeeded Paul V on February 9, 1621.
		Henceforth Ludovisi remained at his see in Bologna until he went to Rome after the death of Pope Paul V to take part in the conclave in which he was chosen.
		The future revealed that Gregory XV was not disappointed in his nephew.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV (427 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory XV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gregory XV was born at Bologna, on the 15th of January, 1554, and was the son of Pompey Ludovisi and Camilla Bianchini.
		Gregory still engaged in his labors with the same zeal, when the winter of 1623 set in, to increase infirmities which had commenced in the preceding autumn.
		Gregory was of low stature; his face was pale and his eyes dull, and both bore witness to his frequent fasting.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Gregory-XV (1551 words)

	Biography – Pope Gregory XV – The Papal Library
		Gregory published two constitutions, which were approved by Urban VIII, upon the form, the rules, and the ceremonies of the election of the pontiffs.
		The fourth saint was Saint Francis Xavier, of the family of the lords of the castle Xavier, at the foot of the Pyrenees, in the diocese of Pampeluna and kingdom of Navarre, born on the 7th of April, 1506, the son of John Guasco and Maria Xaveria.
		Pope Urban VIII, by a brief of the 23rd of July, 1636, approved the office of the saint, and permitted it to be recited throughout the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/Papal_Library/GregoryXV/biography.html (3902 words)

	Pope St. Gregory the Great
		Gregory's father was Gordianus, a wealthy patrician, probably of the famous gens Amicia, who owned large estates in Sicily and a mansion on the Caelian Hill in Rome, the ruins of which, apparently in a wonderful state of preservation, still await excavation beneath the Church of St. Andrew and St. Gregory.
		Gregory's mind and memory were both exceptionally receptive, and it is to the effect produced on him by these disasters that we must attribute the tinge of sadness which pervades his writings and especially his clear expectation of a speedy end to the world.
		Gregory at once took the surprising step of appointing a tribune on his own authority to take command of the city (Epp., II, xxxiv), and, when no notice of this strong action was taken by the imperial authorities, the pope conceived the idea of himself arranging a separate peace with the Lombards (Epp., II, xlv).
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CEGREGRY.HTM (7909 words)

	Biography – Pope Gregory XV – The Papal Library
		Gregory had negotiated with that prince for the protection of the Catholic missions in Barbary, and now feared that it would be retarded by the catastrophe that had ensanguined the throne of Constantinople.
		Gregory did not vainly repeat how greatly Paul V had been serviceable to the Christian king, and Rome not unjustly asked the French cabinet to return service for service.
		Gregory XV, on the 4th of June, 1622, granted a plenary indulgence to those who, on the day of that saint, visited a church of the Jesuits.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/GregoryXV/biography.html (3902 words)

	GREGORY XV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		GREGORY XV It was Alessandro Ludovisi, an amiable old gentleman of sixty-seven, that the cardinals finally chose to succeed Paul V. He took the name Gregory XV.
		Other popes had set up congregations to regulate missionary activity, but to Gregory XV goes the honor of having established on a permanent basis the great Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.
		Gregory's foreign policy was wholeheartedly Catholic and supranational, and by it he increased the prestige of the papacy.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp232.htm (420 words)

	Pope John XV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		John XV, Roman Catholic Pope from 985 to 996, generally recognized as the successor of Boniface VII, the pope John who was said to have ruled for four months after Pope John XIV, being now omitted by the best authorities.
		On her departure the pope, whose venality and nepotism had made him very unpopular with the citizens, died of fever before the arrival of Otto III, who elevated his own kinsman Bruno to the papal dignity under the name of Pope Gregory V.
		It is John XV who was the first to canonize a saint under papal authority, in the case of St. Ulrich of Augsburg on 31 January 993.
	www.nndb.com /people/535/000095250 (190 words)

	Pope Gregory XV
		Gregory XV, born Alessandro Ludovisi, was born on the 9th of January 1554 in Bologna, where he also studied and taught.
		He was made archbishop of his native place and cardinal by Pope Paul V, whom he succeeded as pope on the 9th of February 1621.
		Gregory founded the Congregation of the Propaganda, encouraged missions, fixed the order to be observed in conclaves, and canonized St.
	www.nndb.com /people/134/000094849 (165 words)

	Counter-Reformation Popes
		His Holiness Pope Gregory XIII died on 10 April 1585 in Rome, in the 13th year of his pontificate, at the age of 83-years.
		His Holiness Pope Gregory XIV died on 16 October 1591 in Rome, in the 1st year of his pontificate, at the age of 56-years.
		His Holiness Pope Gregory XV died on 8 July 1623 in Rome, in the 3rd year of his pontificate, at the age of 69-years.
	www.ghg.net /shetler/popes/counterreform.html (1140 words)

	Pope Gregory XV: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Pope Gregory XV: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Ludovisi, who became Gregory XV, reigned for two and a half years and his short pontificate is one of the most important in the history of the Church of Rome.
		An important subsidy was granted by the Pope to the Emperor, and, added to the arbitrary confiscation of much Protestant property, enabled the Crown to support the Catholic propaganda and establish it firmly in the large areas it had reclaimed.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-gregory-xv.htm (1895 words)

	Leo Allatius - TheBestLinks.com - January 19, Pope Alexander VII, Pope Gregory XV, Rome, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On Gregory's death in 1623, Allatius lost his principal patron, but with the support of influential churchmen, he continued his researches.
		Pope Alexander VII appointed him custodian of the Vatican library in 1661, where he remained till his death.
		In 1623, when the Protestant Elector Palatine was supplanted by a Catholic one, thanks to the adroit political maneuvers of pope Gregory XV and a grateful and successful Catholic candidate, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, presented the Pope with the Palatinate library of Heidelberg, containing about 3500 manuscripts, it was.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Leo_Allatius.html (560 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Galileo \| Education \| Pope Urban VIII
		Upon the death of Pope Gregory XV, in1623, Maffeo Barberini was elected Pope, taking the name of Urban VIII.
		Pope Urban strenghtened fortifications and armaments in the papal territories.
		It appears that the Pope never forgave Galileo for putting the argument of God's omnipotence (the argument he himelf had put to Galileo in 1623) in the mouth of Simplicio, the staunch Aristotelian whose arguments had been systematically destroyed in the previous 400-odd pages.
	es.rice.edu /newgalileo/gal/cesi.html (732 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gregory the Great
		Pope Pelagius II accordingly dispatched a special embassy to Tiberius, and sent Gregory along with it as his apocrisiarius, or permanent ambassador to the Court of Byzantium.
		Gregory gave much of his time to lecturing on the Holy Scriptures and is recorded to have expounded to his monks the Heptateuch, Books of Kings, the Prophets, the Book of Proverbs, and the Canticle of Canticles.
		The system of appeals to Rome was firmly established, and the pope is found to veto or confirm the decrees of synods, to annul the decisions of patriarchs, and inflict punishment on ecclesiastical dignitaries precisely as he thinks right.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06780a.htm (7836 words)

	The 17th Century Part II
		Century Part II The next quatrain dated for the 17th century was written for Pope Gregory XV in 1623.
		He was the Pope at the time the astronomer Galileo was prosecuted, and the Church promptly lost prestige because it was accused of being against science.
		Frederico was appointed a Cardinal of Vicenza by Pope Urban VIII, and this was forbidden by Venetian law.
	www.fire-star.org /17th/17th2.html (2714 words)

	Pope Gregory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Gregory has been the name of sixteen Roman Catholic Popes:
		Pope Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great
		Pope Gregory XIII, responsible for the Gregorian calendar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory (100 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pope gregory xv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Look for Pope gregory xv in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Pope gregory xv in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Pope gregory xv in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_gregory_xv (905 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Papal State, 1618-1660
		Pope PAUL V. (Camillo Borghese) ruled from 1605 to 1621; he was succeeded by GREGORY XV.
		Pope Paul V. in 1606 had declared a ban over the REPUBLIC OF VENICE, which the latter successfully ignored - indicating a significant loss of authority on the side of the papacy.
		Pope Innocent X. refused to accept an embassy of the King of Portugal (which had regained independence from Spain in 1640).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/papalstate16181660.html (978 words)

	Pope Gregory XV - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pope Gregory XV - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Gregory XV, born Alessandro Ludovisi (January 9, 1554 – July 8, 1623), pope (1621-1623), born at Bologna, succeeded Paul V on February 9, 1621.
		Pope Gregory XV, External link, References, 1554 births, 1623 deaths, Popes and Natives of Bologna.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Gregory_XV (173 words)

	The Episcopal Lineage of Pope Gregory XV
		POPE GREGORY XV Alessandro Ludovisi, Archbishop of Bologna, the future Pope Gregory XV.
		Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese, Cardinal and Archbishop of Bologna, nephew of Pope Paul V. Consecrated 8 December 1610 at Rome, in the Sistine Chapel, by Pope Paul V, assisted by Maffeo Cardinal Barberini, Bishop of Spoleto, and Giovanni Cardinal Garzia Mellini, Bishop of Imola.
		Camillo Borghese, Cardinal and Bishop of Iesi, the future Pope Paul V. Consecrated 27 May 1597 at Rome, in the Sistine Chapel, by Pope Clement VIII, assisted by Silvio Cardinal Savelli, by Cinzio Cardinal Aldobrandini, and by Bartolomeo Cardinal Cesi.
	home1.gte.net /res7gdmc/aposccs/id26.html (183 words)

	Pope Gregory IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One of the first acts of his was to suspend the emperor Frederick II then lying sick at Otranto for dilatoriness in carrying out the Sixth Crusade.
		A consequent invasion of the of St Peter at the instance of in 1228 having proved unsuccessful the emperor was to give in his submission and beg absolution.
		This pope who was a remarkably skilful learned lawyer caused to be prepared in 1234 the well known Nova Compilatio Decretalium printed at Mainz in 1473.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Gregory_IX (310 words)

	February 9, 1999 DAILY CATHOLIC TEXT Section Two (feb9dc2.htm)
		Today is the 378th anniversary of the election of Pope Gregory XV, the 234th successor of Peter who is best known for promulgating and perpetuating the missionary efforts of the Church through his official establishment of the Pontifical Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith or "Propaganda Fide".
		Pope Clement VIII tried to resuscitate it in 1599 but it did not last until Gregory, late in his pontificate, officially established it with his Apostolic Constitution Inscrutabili Divinae on June 22, 1622.
		Because it was toward the end of Gregory's papacy that it was decreed, credit is often given to his successor Pope Urban VII for its instrumentation, but in effect, Gregory XV was responsible.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Feb/feb9dc2.htm (2404 words)

	The Episcopal Lineage of Pope Gregory XVI
		Consecrated 5 October 1760 at Castel Gandolfo by His Holiness Pope Clement XIII, assisted by Lodovico Calini, Titular Patriarch of Antioch and Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini, Titular Archbishop of Chalcedon.
		Please see the episcopal lineage of Pope Benedict XVI for the remainder of the episcopal lineage of Pope Gregory XVI.
		Pope Gregory XVI was the last non-bishop to be elected Pope.
	home1.gte.net /res7gdmc/aposccs/id10.html (169 words)

	Inferno - 1889 News
		With remaining Popes Paul VI and Gregory XV both firmly opposed to Tyler, it looks as though the charismatic Briton's day in the sun may have come and gone.
		The new Pope, who has with a series of storming and inspirational sermons totally eclipsed his rivals in making himself the best-loved and respected figure in Christendom, has warned that his 'earthly work is nearing completion' and that 'the Father is calling me to join him'.
		He also spoke of the forthcoming Pope, who God has said is to be called Peter II, in a break with Catholic tradition: and that henceforth Papal selection will be by purely divine means, without the need for Cardinals to cast their votes.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~rpgsoc/oldsite/inferno/news1889.html (7615 words)

	The Trial of Galileo: A Chronology
		Pope Paul V dies and is succeed by Gregory XV.
		Pope Urban VIII tells Galileo that he can discuss Copernican theory--so long as he treats it as an hypothesis.
		College of Cardinals announces that "the printing and publication of works treating of the motion of the earth and the stability of the sun, in accordance with the opinion of modern astronomers, is permitted." Two weeks later, Pope Pius VII ratifies the Cardinals' decree.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/galileochronology.html (953 words)

	Chronology for Catholic Reformation
		Pope appoints Cajetan as vicar general of Dominicans.
		Pope Leo X calls King Henry VIII “Defender of the Faith” for his publication of an anti-Luther tract.
		Pope Paul III establishes the Congregation of the Inquisition.
	cat.xula.edu /tpr/timelines/catholic (620 words)

	Pope Urban VIII
		At any rate, the Pope resisted all efforts to have Galileo pardoned.
		The order was founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534, and was recognized by the pope in 1540.
		A vicar is an ecclesiatic representing the pope or a bishop.
	physics.ship.edu /~mrc/pfs/110/inside_out/vu1/Galileo/People/urban_VIII.html (1079 words)

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