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	Innocent III - Encyclopedia.com
		In Germany the dispute between Philip of Swabia and Otto IV was arbitrated by the pope in favor of Otto (1201).
		Innocent set aside the two rival claimants and procured the election of Stephen Langton ; King John, enraged at what he felt was unwarrantable interference by the pope and at the obduracy of the clergy in opposing the demands of the king, persecuted the church.
		Wales from the Accession of Pope Innocent III to the Death of Pope Benedict (1198-13...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Innocent3.html (1664 words)

	Pope Innocent III
		Pope Innocent III (b.circa 1160-d.1216) was one of the most influencial popes in papal history and is likely the most influencial pope of the middle ages.
		As a result, Innocent III effectively spent the first half his life comfortable in the knowledge that the Holy City was in the hands of western Christians and much of the other half of his life trying to regain it.
		Innocent III was furious upon hearing of the conquest of both cities, and at one point excommunicated the crusaders, but he then made the best of the situation and worked to strengthen Latin rule in Constantinople.
	www.crusades-encyclopedia.com /innocentIII.html (1009 words)

	pope innocent iii
		Pope Innocent III was a strenuous opponent of heresy.
		Pope Innocent III called for the Fourth Crusade in 1198, directing the call towards the knights and nobles of Europe, rather than the kings (he preferred that neither Richard I of England and Philip II of France, who were still engaged in war, nor his German enemies, participate).
		Pope Innocent III excommunicated the Venetians in return, and although he was not pleased with the means by which it was done, he accepted the end result of the temporary reunification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches after the Great Schism of 1054.
	www.crusades-history.com /Pope-Innocent-III.aspx (1062 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Pope Innocent III (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Innocent III made clear to the German princes by the Decree Venerabilem in May, 1202, how he considered the relationship between the Empire and the Papacy (this decree was afterwards embodied in the Corpus Juris Canonici).
		Innocent played a further role in the politics of France, Sweden (A Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula), Bulgaria (A republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe), Spain (A parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power) and especially England.
		Innocent excommunicated the Venetians in return, and although he was not pleased with the means by which it was done, he accepted the end result of the temporary reunification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches after the Great Schism (additional info and facts about Great Schism) of 1054.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Pope_Innocent_III2.htm (989 words)

	Innocent III and Papal Hierarchy
		Innocent III was born in 1160 in the city of Anagni, Italy.
		Innocent was forced to retire from the college of cardinals under the pressures of an antagonistic pope.
		The pope sat on a white palfrey and was accompanied by the prefect of the city, the senators and other municipal officials, the nobility, the cardinals, archbishops, and other church dignitaries, the lesser clergy and the popular throng - all amidst the ringing of bells, the chanting of psalms, and the acclamations of the people….
	www.rsglh.org /innocent_iii_and_papal_hierarchy.htm (1573 words)

	Wikinfo \| Pope Innocent III
		Pope Innocent III (born Lotario de Conti, 1161 - 1216) was pope from January 8, 1198 until his death.
		The pope made use of the weakness of Frederick II (who was four) to reassert papal power in Sicily, and acknowledged Frederick II as king only after the surrender of the privileges of the Four Chapters, which William I of Sicily had previously extorted from Pope Adrian IV.
		This decree was afterwards embodied in the Corpus Juris Canonici.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Pope_Innocent_III (998 words)

	Pope Innocent III - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		Innocent's gestation, however, was interrupted when some Arabs cut the womb out of the Sephiroth clone and sold the yet-unborn foetus to a man named Dave Davidson.
		Taking the name Innocent III because his spiritual advisor and sex slave Kathy Lee-Gifford thought it might be kind of nifty, the new pope began his papacy by throwing a pizza party.
		Pope Innocent III was killed when a bumbling time-travelling professor from the year 3446 accidentally ran over the pope in his Time Sphere.
	www.uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Pope_Innocent_III (616 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		Segni and nephew of Clement III, born 1160 or 1161 at Anagni, and died 16 June, 1216, at Perugia.
		Lucius III, Urban III, Gregory VIII, and Clement III.
		Innocent's exposition of his theory concerning the relation between the papacy and the empire was accepted by many princes, as is apparent from the sudden increase of
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4174 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Innocent III
		Innocent brought the doctrine that since the spirit take preeminence over the body, and since the Church rules the spirit and earthly monarchs rule the body, earthly monarchs must be subject to the pope.
		Innocent was the virtual lord of Christian Spain, Scandinavia, Hungary, and the Latin East.
		Innocent reclaimed the Patrimony of Saint Peter, the duchy of Spoleto, the Marches of Ancona, and the Ravenna district, and was recognized as overlord by Tuscany; northern Italian cities maintained their independence.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0176.htm (567 words)

	Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1063, Pope Alexander II had given papal blessing to Iberian Christians in their wars against the Muslims, granting both a papal standard (the vexillum sancti Petri) and an indulgence to those who were killed in battle.
		Pope Gregory VIII preached a crusade, which was led by several of Europe's most important leaders: Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
		The story is that an outburst of the old popular enthusiasm led a gathering of children in France and Germany, which Pope Innocent III interpreted as a reproof from heaven to their unworthy elders.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crusades (3760 words)

	Pope Innocent III
		Innocent III, birth name Lotario de' Conti di Segni, Roman Catholic Pope from 1198 to 1216, was the son of Trasimondo, count of Segni, and of Claricia, a Roman lady of the noble family of Scotti, and was born at Anagni about 1160.
		The election of Pope Celestine III in the following year withdrew Lotario for a while from the active work of the Curia, the new pope belonging to the family of the Orsini, who were at feud with the Scotti.
		Innocent III is one of the greatest historical figures, both in the grandeur of his aims and the force of character which brought him so near to their realization.
	www.nndb.com /people/536/000092260 (1745 words)

	Epinions.com - The Innocent III papacy
		The reign of Innocent III is one that was filled with a pope that had to make tough decisions to protect the vitality of the Catholic Church, and therefore, often times had to act quite definitively on matters that would possibly go against the best interests of Christianity.
		Innocent knew that if he could successfully preach to the faithful in France to destroy the heretics that were ravaging their country, through the faithful he could achieve two things: eliminate heresy in the name of spreading and strengthening Christianity and returning lands to papal control via the faithful in France.
		Pope Innocent III transformed the theory of papal monarchy and, to a lesser extent, changed the practice of papal government during his pontificate.
	www.epinions.com /content_3287982212 (4010 words)

	Pope Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pope Eugenius IV and Jewish money-lending in Florence: the case of Salomone di Bonaventura during the Chancellorship of...
		The remainder of his life was largely directed to schemes for compassing the overthrow of Manfred, the natural son of Frederick II, whom the towns and the nobility had for the most part received as his father's successor.
		It was on a sick bed at Naples that Innocent heard of Manfred's victory at Foggia, and the tidings are said to have precipitated his death on December 7, 1254.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Pope_Innocent_IV (459 words)

	Innocent III and Papal Hierarchy
		Innocent III did not invent the theory of the papacy which he promoted and which is still official Roman Catholic policy.
		Innocent III was the one who instituted this apparatus, gave it its power, and forever branded the Romish Church as that church which "persecutes those who live holily according to the Word of God, and rebuke her for her errors, covetousness, and idolatry" (Confession of Faith, Art.
		One was that army of monks roaming the land to enforce the pope's edicts.
	www.rsglh.org /innocent_iii_and_papal_hierarchy2.htm (2758 words)

	MSN Encarta - Innocent III
		Innocent III (1160?-1216), pope (1198-1216), who is generally considered the most capable and effective of the medieval popes.
		Although not yet a priest, he was, at the age of 37, unanimously elected pope by the College of Cardinals on the day of his predecessor's death.
		Innocent's pontificate fulfilled the promise that his electors discerned in him.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572226/Innocent_III.html (632 words)

	Pope Innocent IV
		In 1223 Pope Honorius III gave him a benefice in Parma, and in 1226 he was established at the curia as auditor contradictarum literarum of the pope, a post he held also under Gregory IX, until promoted (1227) to be vice-chancellor of the Roman Church.
		On the 17th of July Innocent formally renewed the sentence of excommunication on the emperor, and declared him deposed from the imperial throne and that of Naples.
		Innocent, determined that the Hohenstaufen should not again dominate Italy, offered the crown of Sicily in turn to Richard of Cornwall, Charles of Anjou, and King Henry III of England, the last of whom accepted the doubtful gift for his son Edmund.
	www.nndb.com /people/176/000094891 (1464 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Promising Pope Honorius III to start on his crusade, he secured Henry’s election as German king, and thus his position as imperial successor, shortly before his own imperial coronation (1220) at Rome.
		Frederick issued a circular against the pope and seized most of the Papal States; in May, 1241, he captured a number of prelates en route from Genoa to a general council in Rome, and he was threatening Rome when Gregory died.
		After the election (1243) of Pope Innocent IV, Frederick offered sweeping concessions to the pope and his allies, but the pope fled (1244) to Lyons, deposed Frederick at the Council of Lyons (1245), and gave the emperor’s foes the privileges of Crusaders.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred2HRE.html (1213 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander III
		Pope from 1159-81 (Orlando Bandinelli), born of a distinguished Sienese family; died 3 August, 1181.
		The contention made later, that the imperialist cardinals numbered nine, may be explained by the surmise that in the earlier ballotings six of the faithful cardinals voted for a less prominent and obnoxious candidate.
		Pope placed his foot on the neck of the prostrate Emperor has done valiant service to Protestant tradition since the days of Luther.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01287a.htm (929 words)

	Pope Innocent III (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), is generally considered to be “the greatest pope of the Middle Ages, who came near to establishing pontifical theocracy.” [Dunan (1968) 323.] Innocent was a man of strongly Nordish racial descent.
		Innocent’s father was the Italian aristocrat Trasimund, Count of Segni, and his mother, Claricia Scotti, came from the Roman nobility.
		It may be deduced from all of the foregoing evidence, that Innocent III was predominantly Nordish.
	www.white-history.com /earlson/innocent.htm (355 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The Thirteenth Century
		Pope Innocent III called upon the King of France, Philip II, to be Suzerain of the Country of Toulouse, to use force.
		Pope Gregory IX was furious that an excommunicant led this Crusade.
		Pope Innocent IV establishes the inquisition as a permanent institution in Italy, combining all earlier Papal and Imperial enactments in the Bull, Ad Extirpanda, which sanctioned the use of torture to extract confessions.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/13cent.html (3609 words)

	USCCB - Pro-Life Activities - Pastoral Plan for Pro-Life Activities A Campaign in Support of Life
		But as Pope John Paul II points out, today the problem goes further: "It is a problem which exists at the cultural, social and political level, where it reveals its more sinister and disturbing aspect in the tendency, ever more widely shared, to interpret.
		With Pope John Paul II we affirm that contraception and abortion are "specifically different evils," because only "the latter destroys the life of a human being," but that they are also related (The Gospel of Life, no. 13).
		We are reminded by Pope John Paul II in The Church in America that "the presence and mission of the Church in the world is realized in a special way in the variety of charisms and ministries which belong to the laity" (no. 44, quoting Synod for America, proposition 55).
	www.usccb.org /prolife/pastoralplan.shtml (8132 words)

	February 10: HISTORY (feb10his.htm)
		But before He passed to his Heavenly reward, Innocent convened the Twelfth Ecumenical Council, which was actually the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 for the purpose of planning another Crusade, one that would revenge the deaths of the young innocents and end the Moslem threat once and for all.
		Innocent, long a crusader against the Manichean heresy was determined to put an end to the Albigensian heresy that had sprouted out of Bulgaria and spread throughout much of Southern Italy.
		Innocent played a major role in bringing the Armenian Catholics and Marionite Catholics, both of which had separated with the Eastern Churches in the tenth century.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/feb10his.htm (1245 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Innocent III (c 1160-1216 CE) was born into a Roman family as Lothair of Segni.
		Innocent used this struggle to strengthen the role of papal intervention in political decisions.
		In 1215 Innocent III held the most widely attended council of the Middle Ages, the Fourth Lateran Council, which dealt with over 70 decrees written by Innocent III himself.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/innocent3.html (208 words)

	Innocent III (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Revised and updated, this new edition includes the latest scholarship on the role of Innocent III in the development of the medieval papacy, while enlarging the treatment of the Crusades, Innocent III’s importance in theology, his political life, and his pastoral and reform activities.
		Innocent III (elected 1198, died 1216) has long been thought the greatest pope of the high Middle Ages.
		Professor Sayers also explores Innocent's response to the rising challenge to orthodoxy - for, by the early thirteenth century, the idea of returning to the simplicity of the early Church, embracing poverty and dispensing with priests, swept over the Mediterranean lands, encouraging lay people to explore the possibilities of an alternative Christianity.
	www.kenanderson.net /store/bible/innocent_iii.html (513 words)

	Pope Innocent III
		Almost immediately upon being elected pope, Innocent III decided that the papacy itself should assume the leadership of the next Crusade.
		The original date set by Innocent for the departure of the Crusade was March 1199, but no one left.
		Innocent had asked Venice to participate in the Crusade, but this matter of being the primary provider of transportation was something arranged between Venice and the lay lords.
	www.medievaltymes.com /courtyard/pope_innocent_iii.htm (438 words)

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