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Topic: Pope Innocent XIII

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History of Italy during foreign domination and the unification

	INNOCENT (I.-XIII. AND ANTI-POPE) - LoveToKnow Article on INNOCENT (I.-XIII. AND ANTI-POPE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Innocent was but thirty seven years old at this time, and the vigour of youth, guided by master mind, was soon apparent in the policy, of the papacy His first acts were to restore the prestige of the Holy See in Italy, where it had been overshadowed by the power of the emperor Henry VI.
		Innocent was one of the best Avignon popes and filled with reforming zeal he revoked the reservations and commendations of his predecessor and prohibited pluralities; urged upon the higher clergy the duty of residence in their sees, and diminished the luxury of the papal court.
		Innocent was extolled by contemporaries as a lover of peace and honesty, but he was without energy, guilty of nepotism, and showed no favor to the proposal that he as well as the antipope should resign.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IN/INNOCENT_I_XIII_AND_ANTI_POPE_.htm (8119 words)

	Biography – Pope Innocent XIII – The Papal Library
		Innocent XIII, eldest child of Charles Conti, Duke of Poli, and Isabella Muti, was born at Rome on the 13th of May, 1655.
		Innocent well understood John's intention, and he as pontiff would grant nothing that was prejudicial to the Roman court, and which might displease the three great courts, jealous for the maintenance of their peculiar privileges.
		Innocent, to manifest the affection that he bore for that order, commanded the ceremony to be celebrated in the usual form, declaring his desire to preside himself at that ceremony, which took place in church of the Aracoeli, on the 15th of May, 1723.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/Papal_Library/InnocentXIII/Biography.html (3034 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clement XI (died March 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721.
		Another important decision of this Pope's was that by which the Jesuit missionaries were forbidden to take a part in honor paid to Confucius or the ancestors of the emperors of China, which Clement identified as idolatrous, and to accommodate Christian language to pagan ideas under plea of conciliating the heathen.
		The political troubles of the time greatly embarrassed Clement's relations with the leading Catholic powers, and the moral prestige of the Holy See suffered much from his compulsory recognition of the Archduke Charles of Austria as king of Spain.
	online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_clement_xi.html (276 words)

	INNOCENT XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Yet the very circumstances of the election showed how wide was the chasm which separated the politically powerful papacy of Innocent III from the badgered papacy of Innocent XIII.
		A stout old gentleman of sixty-six, Innocent XIII was known for his blameless life, his ability, and his strong sense of dignity.
		Innocent XIII granted the investiture of Naples Sicily to Emperor Charles VI, but his kindness was not rewarded.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp242.htm (451 words)

	Pope Innocent XIII
		After the death of Clement XI he was elected pope in a stormy conclave on 8 May, 1721.
		In memory of Innocent III, to whose lineage he belonged, he chose the name of Innocent XIII.
		In the dispute of the Jesuits with the Dominicans and others, concerning the retention of various Chinese Rites among the Catholic converts of China, Innocent XIII sided with the opponents of the Jesuits.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/i/innocent_xiii,pope.html (518 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent I
		The pope informed Honorius, Emperor of the West, of these proceedings, whereupon the latter wrote three letters to his brother, the Eastern Emperor Arcadius, and besought Arcadius to summon the Eastern bishops to a synod at Thessalonica, before which the Patriarch Theophilus was to appear.
		Innocent informed Alexander of these proceedings, and as Alexander restored the name of John Chrysostom to the diptychs, the pope entered into communion with the Antiochene patriarch, and wrote him two letters, one in the name of a Roman synod of twenty Italian bishops, and one in his own name (Epp.
		Innocent in his reply praised the African bishops, because, mindful of the authority of the Apostolic See, they had appealed to the Chair of Peter; he rejected the teachings of Pelagius and confirmed the decisions drawn up by the African Synods (Epp.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08011a.htm (1700 words)

	Post-Reformation Popes
		His Holiness Pope Innocent XI died on 12 August 1689 in Rome, in the 13th year of his pontificate, at the age of 78-years.
		His Holiness Pope Innocent XII died on 27 September 1700 in Rome, in the 10th year of his pontificate, at the age of 85-years.
		His Holiness Pope Innocent XIII died on 7 March 1724 in Rome, in the 3rd year of his pontificate, at the age of 68-years.
	www.ghg.net /shetler/popes/postreform.html (1292 words)

	Pope Innocent XIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Pope Innocent XIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Innocent XIII might have lived a few years longer had he been more temperate in eating and drinking, and had his doctors been [p.
		Innocent XIII died on March 17th, 1724, not as one might imagine, unconsciously exchanging habitual for eternal sleep, but less mercifully after an agony of intense suffering.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-innocent-xiii.htm (654 words)

	CERC: The Holy Name of Jesus
		Dispelling the objections of some who considered this veneration superstitious, Pope Martin V in 1427 approved the proper veneration to the Holy Name and asked that the cross be included in the monogram IHS.
		Later in 1455, Pope Callistus III asked St. John to preach a crusade invoking the Holy Name of Jesus against the vicious Turkish Moslems who were ravaging Eastern Europe; victory came in their defeat at the Battle of Belgrade in 1456.
		Pope John Paul II has reinstituted the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus to be celebrated on Jan. 3.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/religion/re0604.html (1026 words)

	The Seventeenth Century 1641-1700 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pope Innocent X approves the Decree of Propaganda, condemning the Chinese rituals in the Mission field.
		Pope Clement IX Pope Clement IX played a key role in the negotiations that ended the War of Revolution between Spain and France.
		Pope Innocent XII prohibited the practice, common in Germany, of electoral chapters nominating to Bishoprics and Monasteries.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/1642.html (2565 words)

	History of The Maronites
		Pope Innocent III saw with his own eyes what men of prayer the Maronite Patriarchs were on the day when Patriarch Jeremiah of Amshit came to see him during the proceedings of the Latran Council of 1215, in which the latter participated.
		Although he had received an invitation from Pope Eugene IV to attend the Council of Florence in person, ”the Maronite Patriarch sent Fra Juan as his delegate, being motivated by concern about the risks of the voyage.
		On July 5th, 1584, Pope Gregory inaugurated the Maronite College in Rome, satisfying the aspirations of the community and opening to its students the way to success.
	www.kobayat.org /data/maronites/themaronites.htm (6009 words)

	YEHEY! Forums Replies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Felician Catalogue and the Martyrologies represent him as a martyr, and he is commemorated among the apostles and martyrs, after Saint Linus, Pope Anacletus I, Pope Clement I, in the canon of the mass.
		Nevertheless as Pope Telesphorus being the first bishop of Rome designated a martyr by Irenaeus, the claim to the title of Sixtus and other early bishop of Rome, to the great majority of whom it has been since assigned, is doubtful.
		Pope Pius XII (1939-1958): Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Eugenio Pacelli
	www.yehey.com /forums/replies.aspx?t=9864&f=61 (1711 words)

	pf.org: Name That Pope
		The second pope of the western schism was Benedict XIII, which puts the number of papal Benedicts at XVI.
		The first pope of the western schism was Clement VII, which puts the number of papal Clements at XV.
		When the Pope was in town years back, there were big red buttons with block white letters that screamed JOHN PAUL all over the place.
	paulfrankenstein.org /archives/2005/04/03_name_that_pope.html (225 words)

	St. Malachy's Prophecy & Pope Pius XIII
		Tradition has it that when Malachy visited Pope Innocent II in Rome in 1139 he was granted a vision of all the Holy Fathers of the future.
		Of the 112 Popes described in the prophecy 74 had already reigned when the list was discovered and opponents of the prophecy claim that the descriptions of these are far more exact then those of subsequent Pontiffs.
		Since this Pope was the most gentle and dove-like of men the inscription has presented difficulties which some have tried to circumvent by applying the prophecy to Napoleon at whose hands Pius suffered so much.
	www.truecatholic.org /pope/stmalachyprophecy.htm (1374 words)

	History of the Maronites
		When over the centuries the painting had lost much of its radiance, Pope Innocent XIII ordered that it be retouched.
		Fra Juan had an audience with the Pope, at that time presiding the works of the Council, after which he returned to Lebanon bearing the Pallium.
		The Pastoral Synod called for by Pope John-Paul II on June 12th, 1991, is a ray of hope.
	www.mountlebanon.org /historyofmaronites.html (6009 words)

	Catholic Online
		One does encounter a somewhat disjointed representation of the papacy of the 17th century on the upper floor, primarily through the commissions of Popes Innocent X Pamfili (1644-1655) and Alexander VII Chigi (1655-1667).
		During the early Renaissance, while other artists were reviving pagan antiquity in art, Fra Angelico was using similar voluminous masses and perspective views, but in his hands, these tools re-created the jubilant spirit of early Christians singing on their way to their deaths in the Roman amphitheaters.
		Pope John Paul II on the essential properties of marriage, unity and indissolubility
	www.catholic.org /featured/headline.php?ID=741 (1785 words)

	Gianna Beretta Molla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To the bridge from which he was thrown a metal plaque was affixed.
		In 1729, Pope Benedict XIII agreed with the Bohemians and canonized St. John of Nepomuk.
		ohn of Nepomuk was beatified 31 May 1721 by Pope Innocent XIII and canonized 19 March 1729 by Pope Benedict XIII.
	www.marypages.com /Nepomucene.htm (483 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Pope is elected by the Sacred College of Cardinals.
		Pope Eugenius III made him Bishop and Cardinal and sent him on a mission to Scandinavia where he restored peace and order to the local churches and monasteries and set up two new archbishoprics.
		In 1303, he drew up a decree excommunicating King Philip IV of France, but before this could be issued, the papal palace at Anagni was attacked by a group of 2000 mercenaries led by William de Nogaret, one of Philip's aides.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/mmp164.html (2714 words)

	The Maronites and Lebanon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pope Eugene IV (1431-47) invited the Maronite Patriarch to attend the Council of Florence in person, the Patriarch however, sent Fra Juan as his delegate, being motivated by concern about the risks of the voyage.
		The Pope sent Assemani as his delegate in 1736 to the synod held at Dier al Louaizeh and the resolutions reached sealed the union between the Maronite Church and Rome.
		Sensing the danger threatening the Maronite Patriarch, Pope Benedictus XV asked the Austrian Emperor to intervene with his ally the Ottoman Sultan on behalf of the Patriarch.
	www.cedarland.org /maronite.html (10747 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of July 16, 1721 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Giuseppe Passerini, ablegato to bring the new cardinal's red biretta to Paris, was charged by the pope with recommending Dubois to amend his customs and live a life proper of an ecclesiastic exalted to the first and most conspicuous dignity of the church.
		Cousin of Pope Clement XI (1700-1721) and brother of Cardinal Annibale Albani (1711).
		Colonel of a regiment of Dragons in the pontifical troops, 1707.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1721-ii.htm (921 words)

	EIPS - A Patron Saint of the Internet?
		He was canonized by Pope Clement VIII in 1598.
		Pope Innocent XIII formally declared him a doctor of the church in 1722.
		The name of Isidor is also notorious in connecton with the so-called Isidorian Decretals, on the basis of which Pope Adrian IV colluded with King Henry II of England in 1170 and by his Bull Laudabiliter 'gave' Ireland to him as a stolen gift.
	www.ianpaisley.org /article.asp?printerFriendly=true&ArtKey=internet (611 words)

	A Jacobite Gazetteer - The Vatican - Tomb of the Stuart Kings
		Until 1938 the bodies of the three Stuart kings were buried where the tomb of Pope Pius XI now stands.
		In August 1938 the bodies were moved to a new location slightly further east on the left side of the crypt between the tombs of Pope Innocent XIII and Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val.
		This move was made necessary owing to the fact that Pope Pius XI had chosen the former location for his own tomb.
	www.jacobite.ca /gazetteer/Vatican/Stuart_tomb.htm (473 words)

	Leave a message! :: Saint Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pope John Paul II believes that the text refers to the failed assassination attempt by Mehmet Ali Agca on May 13, 1981, against him.
		April/May 1045 to 20 December 1046 Pope Gregory VI Papa Gregorius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus Johannes Gratianus Deposed at the Council of Sutri
		Pope Clement V was born Bertrand de Got in 1264 CE at Villandraut in Gascony.
	www.thedailydig.sphosting.com /wwwboard/836.html (11275 words)

	22 Oct History: This Date
		Shortly before Pope Innocent XIII [13 May 1655 –; 07 Mar 1724] died, he had named Archbishop Giuseppe Firrao [12 Jul 1670 – 24 Oct 1744] as the new nuncio in Portugal, in replacement of Archbishop Vincenzo Bichi [02 Feb 1668 – 11 Feb 1750] who had held the post since 14 September 1709.
		João demanded of the new Pope Benedict XIII [02 Feb 1649 – 23 Feb 1730] that Bichi be made a cardinal.
		Pope Benedict XIV [31 Mar 1675 — 03 May 1758] further ingratiated João V by granting him in 1840 the right of patronage over the dioceses and abbeys in his kingdom, and by the Bull of 23 December 1748 which gave João V and his successors the title “Rex fidelissimus”.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4oct/h4oct22.html (10470 words)

	March 5-7, 1999 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: (mar5eve.htm)
		1179 A.D. Pope Alexander III convenes the Third Lateran Council, better known as the 11th Ecumenical Council in which papal elections would be regulated to insist on two-thirds majority for confirmation of an election - something still in effect today.
		Known as the "Renaissance Pope," for more we refer you to Tuesday's installment in The History of the Mass and Holy Mother Church.
		1530 A.D. Pope Clement VII denies the request by King Henry VIII for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon to which Henry declares he, not the Pope, is the supreme head of England's church, in effect declaring apostasy and schism that lasts even up to today.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Mar/mar5eve.htm (539 words)

	Kindred History
		1205- Pope Innocent III instigates the Fourth Crusade.
		Torture as a safer means of determining the truth is approved in 1252 after Kindred facing Rotscheck Frenzy on their captors.
		Pope Pius X allows Order of Leopold to depart Church.
	www.njad-ww.com /KindredHistory.html (3765 words)

	Cardinal Giorgio Cornaro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pressure from Venice led Pope Innocent XII to elevate him to Cardinal, 1697.
		In 1721 Cardinal Giorgio was a strong candidate for Pope, losing his bid for the office to Pope Innocent XIII.
		In the period from 1500 to 1789 nine members of the Cornaro family served as Cardinal, for a combined total of 150 years of service.
	www.boglewood.com /cornaro/xg40.html (112 words)

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