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	Pope John IX
		Not only is the date of John's birth unknown, but the date of his election as pope, and that of his death are alike uncertain.
		He became pope in the early part of 898, and died in the beginning of the year 900.
		Perhaps because he was favoured by the ducal House of Spoleto, John was able to maintain his position, and Sergius was driven from the city and excommunicated.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/john_ix,pope.html (430 words)

	JOHN IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		John IX was born in Tivoli, the son of Rampoald.
		John was not so lost in political dealings that he forgot the spiritual.
		John's accomplishments are amazing in view not only of the great difficulties of the time, but of the shortness of his pontificate.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp117.htm (465 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope John X
		John was a relative of Theodora's family, and this explains sufficiently why she secured his election.
		The new pope was an active and energetic ruler, and exerted himself especially to put an end to the Saracen invasions.
		John also concerned himself with affairs in France, where Count Heribert of Aquitaine held King Charles a prisoner, and demanded the election of his five-year-old son, Hugh of Vermandois, as Archbishop of Reims.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08425b.htm (731 words)

	CBC News Indepth: POPE JOHN PAUL II
		John Paul II suffered from Parkinson's disease, an arthritic knee, an aching hip and the lingering effects of the 1981 assassination attempt.
		Pope John Paul II led the world's Roman Catholics since he was the surprise choice of the College of Cardinals on Oct. 16, 1978.
		He was a conservative pope in terms of doctrine, rejecting the ordination of women, forbidding priests from marrying, backing an international campaign against same-sex unions and opposing birth control and abortion.
	www.cbc.ca /news/obit/pope (1644 words)

	CNN.com Special Report
		John Paul II was born Karol Jozef Wojtyla on May 18, 1920, at Wadowice, Poland, the third child of a devoutly Catholic retired army officer-turned-tailor.
		John Paul II proved one of the most energetic and hard-working men ever to occupy the papal see, visiting more than 120 countries, delivering more than 2,000 public addresses and issuing a plethora of encyclicals and apostolic letters.
		Pope John Paul II was the third longest serving pontiff in history, behind St. Peter's 32 years and Pope Pius IX's 31 years, seven months.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2005/pope/stories/pope.obituary/index.html (935 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Immaculate Conception Defined by Pius IX
		Around the middle of the century with the intention of accepting this request, Pope Pius IX after consulting the theologians, questioned the Bishops about the opportuneness and the possibility of such a definition, convoking as it were a "council in writing".
		Pope Alexander VII, in the Bull Sollicitudo of 1661, spoke of the preservation of Mary's soul "in its creation and infusion into the body" (DS 2017).
		Pius IX's definition, however, prescinds from all explanations about how the soul is infused into the body and attributes to the person of Mary, at the first moment of her conception, the fact of her being preserved from every stain of original sin.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5646 (855 words)

	Pope Gregory - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gregory XIII (1502-1585), pope from 1572 to 1585, who carried out the reform of the Julian calendar, producing the system currently in use...
		Gregory I, Saint (540?-604), pope (590-604), who was the last of the four original Doctors of the Church.
		Gregory XI (1329-78), pope (1370-78), responsible for the return of the papacy to Rome from Avignon, France, where it had resided between 1309 and...
	encarta.msn.com /Pope_Gregory.html (114 words)

	Pope Pius IX Summary
		Pope Pius IX Because the conclave was deadlocked, liberals and moderates decided to cast their votes for Mastai-Ferreti – a move that was certainly contrary to the general mood throughout Europe.
		Pope Pius IX By early 1848, public disorder had forced Pius IX to concede a lay ministry and a constitution, although he held fast against war with Austria (April 1848).
		Pope Pius IX Outside the loss of territory in Italy the rights of the Church were reduced across Europe, with Piedmont leading the way (Pius condemned them repeatedly, in allocutions in 1850, 1852, 1853 and 1855).
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Pius_IX (4288 words)

	History of the Mass (4histort.htm)
		John continued where Theodore II left off and reaffirmed the annulment of the "cadaver synod" orchestrated by Stephen VI as well as deposing Sergius and those in the inner circle who had manipulated the latter's election.
		However the most important decree John IX made at a special convened synod was the pronouncement that from henceforth, in order to prevent the travesties that had happened in the last decade, the pope would no longer be elected by the populace but by the bishops and clergy of the Church.
		To appease Lambert and avoid the inevitable internal struggles, John IX added the stipulation that the popes could not be consecrated unless there was a royal official or their emissary present.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/4histort.htm (1871 words)

	Pope John X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna.
		Like Pope John IX (898–900) he endeavoured to secure himself against his temporal enemies through a close alliance with Theophylact and Alberic, marquis of Camerino, then governor of the duchy of Spoleto.
		In December 915 John X granted the imperial crown to Berengar of Friuli (915–924), and with the assistance of the forces of all the princes of the Italian peninsula he took the field in person against the Saracens, over whom he gained a great victory on the banks of the Garigliano.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_X (272 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the IX Century
		Sergio e Bacco, one of the 7 original ones, was erected by Pope St. Agatho in 678 in the VIII Region of Rome, in the Roman Forum, next to the Arch of Sptimius Severus.
		It was suppressed by Pope Sixtus V in 1587 and later demolished during the pontificate of Paul V (1605-1621).
		(5) Subscribed the decree of 897 against the late Pope Formosus and was excommunicated by Pope John IX in the Synod of Rome in April 898.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm (2110 words)

	John IX - LoveToKnow 1911
		JOHN IX., pope from 898 to 900, not only confirmed the judgment of his predecessor Theodore II.
		Finding, however, that it was advisable to cement the ties between the empire and the papacy, John gave unhesitating support to Lambert in preference to Arnulf, and also induced the council to determine that henceforth the consecration of the popes should take place only in the presence of the imperial legates.
		The sudden death of Lambert shattered the hopes which this alliance seemed to promise.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /John_IX (118 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Pope John Paul II
		Pope John Paul II is breathing on his own but at doctors' instructions is not speaking after undergoing a tracheotomy.
		Pope John Paul II dies at the age of 84, ending a 26-year papacy.
		Pope Benedict XVI tells clergy in Rome that the traditional five-year waiting period for beatification will be waived for John Paul II.
	www.cbc.ca /news/obit/pope/timeline.html (1806 words)

	CNN.com - After 26-year reign, pontiff dies at 84 - Apr 2, 2005
		The pope was known for his energy, intellectualism and activism on the global stage, but he was slowed in recent years by Parkinson's disease and crippling arthritis.
		By Saturday, John Paul was slipping in and out of consciousness after his heart and kidneys started to fail in the wake of a urinary tract infection.
		John Paul was the most widely traveled pope in history and was the first to visit the White House, a synagogue and communist Cuba.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/pope.dies/index.html (1045 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope John IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		New Catholic Dictionary: Pope John IX Pope John IX Reigned from 898 to 900.
		A Benedictine, he was ordained priest by Pope Formosus.
		He held several synods at Rome to correct the prevalent disorders in Christendom, condemned the synod of Stephen (VI) VII, which was held in 897; and sanctioned a hierarchy for the Moravians against the wishes of the German bishops.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd04377.htm (85 words)

	BONIFACE VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The third canon of a council held at Rome in 898 by Pope John IX declared this election of Boniface was invalid because, as a degraded priest, he was ineligible.
		Horace Mann, the historian of the popes, doubts whether the third canon of Pope John's council actually refers to a pope.
		He claims that Boniface was acknowledged as pope, both at the time and by later popes.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp113.htm (322 words)

	CyberDesert - St. Gregory Palamas and the Filioque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All Seven Ecumenical Councils held the common belief that the Son is begotten eternally from the Father, whereas the Spirit proceeds eternally from the Father.
		Pope Zacharias clearly states that the Spirit proceeds from the Father yet remains in the Son.
		Indeed, during the Seventh Ecumenical Council Pope Hadrian I wrote to Tarasius, the Patriarch of Constantinople emphasizing that the Spirit proceeded from the Father alone.
	agrino.org /cyberdesert/filioque.htm (1000 words)

	Of The Election Of The Pope; And Of Such As Have Usurped The Chair
		After the death of Pope Nicholas I (the 108th in the Register), information is obtained from Platina, according to the account of various other authors, relative to the condition of the Roman church at that time; namely, that she had no pope or head for eight years, seven months and nine days.
		Concerning the apostasy of Pope Anastasius II to the tenets of Achacius, bishop of Constantinople, and, consequently.
		John XXII was crushed by the falling in of the vault of a pavilion, and thus departed this life.
	www.homecomers.org /mirror/martyrs008.htm (4153 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The TENTH Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pope John X sent his Legates to the East where they were successful in restoring unity that had been severed 912 when the Pope sanctioned Leo IV's fourth marriage.
		Death of the imprisoned Pope John X Many reports agree that he was murdered by being smothered with a pillow.
		Pope John XI was later released but kept under house-arrest in the Lateran.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/10cent.html (2369 words)

	The Pope Encyclopedia
		One of the most gruesome events in papal history, held in January 897 by Pope Stephen VI (VII) during which the corpse of Pope Formosus (891-896) was exhumed and placed on trial.
		A hermit retrieved the remains and gave the pope a decent burial.
		Pope John IX (898-900) declared the actions of the cadaver synod annulled.
	media.isnet.org /kristen/Ensiklopedia/CadaverSynod.html (409 words)

	Pope “Joan,” the Female Pope
		Pope Joan’s existence is given perhaps its most persuasive corroboration by Platina, a serious historian, secretary to a reigning Pope, and librarian to the Vatican, who felt bound to include Pope Joan in the Canon of the Popes.
		When Pope Joan was first declared mythical almost 750 years after her assassination, the list of the Popes needed to be subjected to a bit of creative book-keeping in order to erase this blot on the record of the Papacy.
		Pope who was entered in the List of the Popes as “Pope John IX”.
	www.hypatia-lovers.com /AncientWays/section15.html (1107 words)

	Inquiring Minds: David Kertzer on Pope Pius IX (GSJ of Sept. 22, 2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pius IX, the longest reigning pope in Church history (1846-78), was a fierce opponent of modernity and a strident foe of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press.
		The argument for his beatification is that Pius IX was a personally pious man, entirely devoted to the Church, and that everything he did was motivated by devotion to what he perceived as the welfare of the Church.
		It is odd because, while Pius IX stood for opposition to modern times and hostility toward all other religions, John XXIII is known for undoing his work by trying to bring the Church into harmony with such doctrines as the belief in basic human rights and, especially, championing the respect of other religions.
	www.brown.edu /Administration/George_Street_Journal/vol25/25GSJ04f.html (523 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Pope Pius IX
		The future Pope Pius IX was born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti in Senagallia in the Papal States, the ninth child of a minor count in 1792.
		In 1797, Pope Pius VI was forced by the French to accept the virtual destruction of the Papal States, the “patrimony of St. Peter” that the popes had ruled for over a thousand years.
		Pius IX had instituted reforms in the government of the Papal States that were promising, and in 1848 he established elected municipal government in Rome.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=3067 (4630 words)

	Pope Pius IX’s Controversial Beatification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		-century Pope, a move that displeased the Jewish community because he was the last pope to confine Jews to the ghetto.
		Pius IX reigned from 1846 to 1878, the longest tenure in the church’s history.
		Pope John Paul II felt that "beatifying a son of the church does not celebrate particular historic choices that he has made, but rather points him out for imitation and for veneration for his virtue." Supporters of the decision argue that Pius’s actions should not be judged through the lens of the 21
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/anti-semitism/piusix.html (221 words)

	John at Caribbean Topfunwebsites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In North America, a ''john'' is a reference to a toilet, perhaps after the name of Sir John Harington who invented it.
		A ''John'' is also a slang term for a man who pays a prostitute for sexual favors.
		A ''Dear John'' letter is a correspondence in which a woman informs her fiancé or boyfriend of her intention to sever their romantic relationship, typically in situations where the man is stationed, as with the military, in a distant location for a period of time.
	www.topfunwebsites.com /anguilla/john.html (253 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	St. Pachomius Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pope from 898-900, John IX was a Benedictine, whose election was opposed by Sergius, a cardinal who later became Pope Sergius III.
		Having excommunicated his foe, John called a synod to rehabilitate Pope Formosus and to forbid trials of the dead.
		John confirmed the Constitutio Romana, which required imperial approval of all papal elections.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/Xjn9.html (54 words)

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