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	Pope John X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna.
		In direct opposition to a decree of council, John X was also at the instigation of Theodora promoted to the papal chair as the successor of Pope Lando (913–914).
		In December 915 John X granted the imperial crown to Berengar of Friuli (915–924), and with the assistance of the forces of all the princes of the Italian peninsula he took the field in person against the Saracens, over whom he gained a great victory on the banks of the Garigliano.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_X (264 words)

	Pope John X
		John was a relative of Theodora's family, and this explains sufficiently why she secured his election.
		John also concerned himself with affairs in France, where Count Heribert of Aquitaine held King Charles a prisoner, and demanded the election of his five-year-old son, Hugh of Vermandois, as Archbishop of Reims.
		Petrus, Prefect of Rome and brother of the pope, was murdered in June, 928.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/john_x,pope.html (732 words)

	JOHN X. - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN X.
		JOHN X. - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN X., pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna.
		John was a chivalrous and romantic personage, who enjoyed a great reputation for valour both before and after his death; but as a ruler he was careless and extravagant, interested only in his kingdom when seeking relief from his constant pecuniary embarrassments.
		King John was killed at Aicali on he gth of October 1390 by the fall of his horse, while he was iding in a, fantasia with some of the light horsemen known as the arfanes, who were mounted and equipped in the Arab style.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOHN_X_.htm (878 words)

	Pope Stephen VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was elected--probably handpicked--by Marozia from the Tusculani family, the unquestioned mistress of Rome during this period, as a stop-gap measure until her own son John was ready to assume the throne of Peter.
		Like his predecessor, Leo VI, he was elected while Pope John X was still alive and in prison.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Stephen_VIII (244 words)

	JOHN X
		Although by this time several popes had been bishops before they became popes, the tradition against exchanging dioceses died hard, and there were not wanting those who called John X an intruder.
		John X worked feverishly to form an alliance and for a marvel he succeeded.
		Pope John X, on his return to Rome, was given a triumphant reception.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp123.htm (543 words)

	Chapter Excerpt: The Making of the Pope 2005 by Father Andrew M. Greeley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Popes for the last half century have dealt with the entrenched power and age-old culture of the Curia (or one should say powers, since there are many internal divisions within the Curia) in many different ways.
		John Paul II revoked the requirement for the extra vote and decreed that after thirty-three ballots a Pope might be elected by a simple majority (a change of an eight-hundred-year-old custom which, according to some, was a way to insure that his conservative policies survived his death).
		Pope Pius XII, in 1945, revoked the apostasy label, and Pope Paul VI, to preserve the validity of a papal election, revoked the invalidity of such an election.
	www.twbookmark.com /books/80/0316325600/chapter_excerpt21023.html (6575 words)

	Pope John XXIII
		Pope John XXIII was Bishop of Rome from 1958 to 1963.
		All the popes of the twentieth century have been loved by Catholics; Pope John was perhaps the pope most loved and respected by non-Catholics, and this universal appeal contributed to the positive reception of his social teachings.
		Pope John appreciated that the faithful need more than philosophical nuance to guide them, and that the historical moment in which each of us lives must be lived in the light of the Gospels.
	www.shc.edu /theolibrary/resources/popes_john23.htm (1570 words)

	Chapter Joan <i>to</i> John of J by Brewer's Phrase & Fable
		John I. of France reigned only a few days; John II., having lost the battle of Poitiers, died in captivity in London; to France his reign was a tissue of evils.
		John, being jealous of the state kept by the abbot, declared he should be put to death unless he answered three questions.
		John the Evangelist is represented writing his gospel; or bearing a chalice, from which a serpent issues, in allusion to his driving the poison from a cup presented to him to drink.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1175/23123/3.html (690 words)

	ipedia.com: Pope John XXIII Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Blessed John XXIII, né Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, (November 25, 1881-June 3, 1963) was Pope from 1958 to 1963.
		In 1921 Pope Benedict XV appointed him the Italian president of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith.
		Pope John XXIII excommunicated Fidel Castro on January 3, 1962 in line with a 1949 decree by Pope Pius XII forbidding Catholics from supporting communist governments.
	www.ipedia.com /pope_john_xxiii.html (868 words)

	History of the Mass (5histort.htm)
		Fortunately a murderer for a pope was not accepted by the clergy or populace and on January 29, 904 Pope Sergius III was elevated to the papacy after he had led an angry mob to the Vatican and overthrew Christopher, imprisoning him.
		Aided by a coalition of Italian noblemen and naval assistance from Byzantium, John soundly defeated the infidels at the mouth of the Garigliano River in August 915.
		She orchestrated a concentrated effort to discredit John X and his brother Peter, spreading the vicious rumor that it was Peter who enticed the Magyars to Italy.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/5histort.htm (1568 words)

	ENGLISH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Amidst all this Pope John X was forcefully removed from his post and Pope Leo VI became the head of Roman Catholic Church in 927.
		Pope Leo VI sent his threatening letter to all priests and bishops in Croatia ordering them sternly to be subservient to the Archbishop in Split and honour the resolutions from the Split Assembly.
		Unfortunately, Pope John X was removed forcefully from his post in Rome, and around the same time in history King Tomislav disappeared from the face of this earth.
	webf1469.ntx.net /interest.htm (1802 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The TENTH Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pope John X was a diplomat, warrior, and Ecclesiastical administrator.
		Pope John X sent his Legates to the East where they were successful in restoring unity that had been severed 912 when the Pope sanctioned Leo IV's fourth marriage.
		Death of the imprisoned Pope John X Many reports agree that he was murdered by being smothered with a pillow.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/10cent.html (2369 words)

	USATODAY.com - Ratzinger elected 265th pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was one of the fastest elections in the past century: Pope Pius XII was elected in 1939 in three ballots on one day, while Pope John Paul II was elected in 1978 in four ballots in one day.
		While John Paul, a Pole, was elected to challenge the communist system in place in Eastern Europe in 1978, the new pontiff faces new issues: the need for dialogue with Islam, the divisions between the wealthy north and the poor south as well as problems within his own church.
		Pope John XXIII was 77 when he was elected pope in 1958 and viewed as a transitional figure, but he called the Second Vatican Council that revolutionized the church from within and opened up its dialogue with non-Catholics.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-04-19-conclave_x.htm (1172 words)

	St. Pachomius Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Born in Romagna, John of Tossignano was bishop of Bologna and archbishop of Ravenna before his election to the see of Rome in 914.
		Elected through the influence of the House of Theophylactus, John alienated Marozia, matron of the house and a senator of Rome, when he allied himself with King Hugh of Italy ten years after his election.
		John rebuilt the Lateran and battled the Saracens.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/Xjn10.html (85 words)

	USATODAY.com - Pope marks birthday with launch of new book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		John Paul, who marked 25 years in the papacy in October and has since become the third-longest serving pope in history, is pushing ahead despite Parkinson's disease and hip and knee ailments.
		The pope said that those contesting celibacy have raised the issued of the loneliness for priests, but that he personally never felt lonely.
		In a moment of self-criticism, the pope notes that "a part of a pastor's role is to admonish" and says that maybe he failed to be strict enough during his time in Krakow.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2004-05-18-pope-birthday_x.htm (648 words)

	Proof of Life After Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pope John, half the age of the old man he was when he passed away, was grinning at the two miners, his arms folded in front of him, and remained inside their subterranean chamber for at least eight full days.
		When Pope John entered the outer reaches of the prison, both Vatican and prison staff expressed concern for his safety but breathed a sigh of relief realizing that impenetrable bars of steel offered sufficient protection from the usually angry men on the other side.
		When Pope John entered the cell block, these so-called hardened criminals dropped to their knees and began applauding this incredible gesture of love and compassion for his fellow man.
	www.edconrad.com /lifeafterdeath (718 words)

	Pope St. Pius X
		Because of his lack of solemnity, Pope John was thought to be unique among popes.
		Pius X countered this attitude by urging frequent communion and by allowing children to receive the Eucharist as soon as they had reached the age of reason.
		Pope Pius XII canonized this pastoral successor of St. Peter in the Holy Year of 1950.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id510.htm (800 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. (i.iv.xvi)
		Pope followed pope in rapid succession, and most of them ended their career in deposition, prison, and murder.
		After the short reign of two other popes, John X., archbishop of Ravenna, was elected, contrary to all canons, in obedience to the will of Theodora, for the more convenient gratification of her passion (914–928).
		Her son, the second Alberic, was raised by the Romans to the dignity of Consul, and ruled Rome and the papacy from the Castle of St. Angelo for twenty-two years with great ability as a despot under the forms of a republic (932–954).
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.iv.xvi.html (2460 words)

	History of the Mass (6histort.htm)
		To their credit, the popes during this time did concentrate their efforts towards reform of the monastic life by endeavoring to restore the reverence and ecclesiastical rubrics that had been forsaken.
		It was during the first year of his papacy that Marozia had John X suffocated as we detailed in the last installment.
		She manuevered to have her son the pope officiate the wedding but it was not only uncanonical but unholy for Marozia was, in actuality, her brother-in-law.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/6histort.htm (1752 words)

	VICARS OF CHRIST? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Each of the suceeding popes from Leo III to boniface VI (896) were elected in tortuous fashion.
		The newlyweds conspired to unseat the Pope,who was her mother's lover joining with John's enemies, Marozia and Guido cast Pope John X in prison, and in 928 had him suffocated.
		In 931, Marozia raised to the Holy See Pope John XI,her illegitimate son by Pope Sergius III...in 955 Marozia's grandson became Pope john XII and distinguished his pontificate with debauched orgies in the Lateran Palace.
	www.geocities.com /truthfinder_inc/truthfinder/Vicar.htm (389 words)

	Leo VI -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		He was Pope John VIII's prime minister and later a cardinal priest when elected by the senatrix Marozia, then head of the powerful Roman Crescentii family, who deposed and imprisoned Leo's predecessor, Pope John X. His principal act was the regulation of the jurisdiction of the hierarchy in Dalmatia.
		pope from 885 to 891 whose pontificate witnessed the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire and intermittent struggles for the Italian crown.
		One of the most colorful of the Renaissance popes and a member of the great Medici family in Florence, Leo X spent all the money he could gather to build Rome into a great city.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9047792 (601 words)

	Pope John Paul II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pope John Paul II ess than a week after Christians celebrated Easter, as the gentle winds of spring began to swirl through the Northern Hemisphere, the life of Pope John Paul II, the spiritual leader of the world’s billion-plus Roman Catholics, slipped into the ages.
		In 1981 John Paul II was shot and severely wounded in an assassination attempt, and in later years he suffered from numerous health problems, including cancer and an ongoing battle with Parkinson’s disease.
		Whenever Pope John Paul II signed a papal bull—a written communication from the Vatican Chancery—his signature was accompanied by his formal papal seal.
	www.autographcollector.com /pope.htm (1146 words)

	Pope John X
		John X, Roman Catholic Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the Archbishopric of Ravenna.
		Like Pope John IX he endeavored to secure himself against his temporal enemies through a close alliance with Theophylact and Alberic, Marquis of Camerino, then governor of the Duchy of Spoleto.
		The defeat and death of Berengar through the combination of the Italian princes, again frustrated the hopes of a united Italy, and after witnessing several years of anarchy and confusion John perished at Castel Sant'Angelo through the intrigues of Marozia, daughter of Theodora.
	www.nndb.com /people/546/000095261 (214 words)

	Benedict XVI: German cardinal elected pope - Pope Benedict XVI - MSNBC.com
		Pope Benedict XVI greets the crowd in St. Peter's Square after being elected by the conclave of cardinals Tuesday.
		If the new pope was paying tribute to the last pontiff of that name, it could be interpreted as a bid to soften his image as the Vatican’s doctrinal hard-liner.
		Ratzinger served John Paul II since 1981 as head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7523254 (865 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of May 18
		Saint John became archdeacon in Rome, and on August 13, 523, was elected pope to succeed Saint Hormisdas.
		Pope Saint John is responsible for introducing to the West the Alexandrian calculation for the date of Easter (Attwater2, Benedictines, Delaney, Farmer).
		Pope Clement X, a former bishop of Camerino, raised the feast of Saint Venantius to the double rite (under the old system) and composed proper hymns for his office (Attwater2, Benedictines, Bentley, Husenbeth).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0518.htm (2356 words)

	CNN.com - Pope psychology: Pay not heed to predictions - Apr 25, 2005
		Let the record show that when Pius XII died in the 20th year of his papacy in 1958, the College of Cardinals chose the patriarch of Venice to succeed him, a short, overweight 77-year-old with no record as an insurgent -- ideally suited to be a transitional seat-warmer.
		As Pope John XXIII, this septuagenarian threatened the iron authority of the Roman curia by throwing open the doors and windows of the Catholic Church, that the church and the world might get to know each other.
		With the near-universal tributes of affection to Pope John Paul II from the exalted and the ordinary, these have been wonderfully heady days for the church.
	www.cnn.com /2005/POLITICS/04/25/pope.psychology (669 words)

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