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Topic: Pope John XX

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	Pope John XXI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the death of Pope Adrian V, on August 18, 1276, Pedro Hispano was elected Pope at the conclave of cardinals on September 13, and he was crowned a week later.
		One of John's few acts during his brief rule was to reverse the decree passed at the Second Council of Lyons, which confined cardinals in solitude until they elected a successor Pope.
		The Pope added a new wing to his palace at Viterbo; it was poorly built, and while he lay sleeping part of the roof fell in and he was seriously injured.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_XXI (383 words)

	Pope John XX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some 11th century historians believed that there had been a pope named John between antipope Boniface VII and the actual Pope John XV; thus, the series of Pope John XV to Pope John XIX was mistakenly numbered John XVI to XX.
		These popes have been renumbered as John XV to XIX; however, Pope John XXI to Pope John XXIII were numbered based on the confusion of having twenty Pope Johns before them.
		Hence, Pope John XX doesn't exist, having been skipped over in the enumeration of popes, and as the enumeration is now firmly established, it is unlikely that any attempt at rectification will be made.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_XX (217 words)

	Pope John XIX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		John XIX, né Romanus (born in Rome, died October 1032) was pope from 1024 to 1032.
		Against the grain of ecclesiastical history, John XIX agreed, upon being paid with a large bribe, to grant to the Patriarch of Constantinople the title of an ecumenical bishop.
		After John's death, his nephew Benedict IX was found as a successor, although he was still young: according to some sources, he was only 12, but he was more likely to have been about 18 or 20.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_John_XIX (272 words)

	Pope Joan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pope Joan is regarded by historians as a myth, possibly originating as an anti-papal satire which gained a degree of plausibility due to certain genuine elements related in the story.
		It is alleged that between the death of Leo IV in July 855 and the election of Benedict III in September 858 — the reign of Pope John VIII — Anastasius was the anti-pope.
		The myth of Pope Joan was discredited by David Blondel, a mid-17th century Protestant historian, who suggested that Pope Joan's legend may have originated in a satire against Pope John XI, who upon his death was in his early 20s.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_Joan (1305 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope John XIX (XX)
		King Canute of Denmark and England obtained from the pope a promise that his English and Danish subjects should not be annoyed by customs duties on their way to Italy and Rome, and that the archbishops of his kingdom should not be so heavily taxed for the bestowal of the pallium.
		A dispute regarding precedence between the Archbishops of Milan and Ravenna was settled by the pope in favour of the former.
		The feast of St. Martial, reputed disciple of the Apostles and founder of the church of Limoges, was raised by John to the rank of the feast of an Apostle.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08429b.htm (717 words)

	The Pope and the Pill by John M. Swomley
		John M. Swomley reveals that the problems in countries that are associated with overpopulation and the political campaign in the United States to deny reproductive freedom to women are all due to the papal decision to protect the authority and "infallibility" of the papacy.
		Pope John XX Ill had intended to begin that re-examination, but he died before he could begin the process.
		Pope John Paul II in his Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation has declared that Catholic teaching must become law.
	www.population-security.org /swom-98-02.htm (1280 words)

	Biography – Pope John XX – The Papal Library
		John XX, brother of Benedict VIII, was a layman, and the first who, without being in holy orders, reached the pontificate.
		The pope decided in favor of the Parisians, and caused a fine altar to be raised to that saint in Saint Peter's.
		In 1032 the pope beatified Saint Romuald, founder of the Camaldolensian monks.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/JohnXX/biography.html (296 words)

	John - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		John the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.
		John the Evangelist, to whom the Gospel of John is attributed, often along with 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation.
		A John is also a nickname for a man who pays a prostitute for sexual favors.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /john.htm (342 words)

	Pope John XII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As a temporal ruler John was devoid of the vigour and firmness of his father, and his usage of the papal office, through his controversial private life, he is said to have made a byword of reproach with his civil dignities.
		John, bishop of (Click link for more info and facts about Narni) Narni, and John, a cardinal deacon, professed that they themselves saw that a deacon had been ordained in a horse stable, but were unsure of the time.
		The manner of his death is uncertain, although it was rumored that John was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife had been discovered receiving the sexual affections of the Pope.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_john_xii2.htm (569 words)

	The Female Pope Chapter 6
		John Laurence Mosheim in his Ecclesiastical History, which was compiled during the last half of the eighteenth century, tried hard to be fair to all sides, and suggested that some unusual event must have happened in the 850s to give rise to the story: 'But what it was...
		The true cause of the missing John XX is not to be found with John VIII in the ninth century, for no pope named John up to and including the fourteenth of that title has ever been renumbered.
		Remembering that all the earliest proponents of Pope Joan, and many later ones too, failed to give her a number and insisted that she was never officially counted in the papal catalogues, it is difficult in any case to see quite what Gould Davis was trying to prove with her unnecessary and untenable theory.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~pardos/PopeJoan6.html (5188 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		John XVII, né Sicco (died November 6, 1003), succeeded Silvester II as pope in June 1003, but died less than five months afterwards.
		The previous legitimate Pope John was John XV.
		Also, since there was never a Pope John XX at all, this means there have only been 21 legitimate popes named John, not 23 as the regnal number of Pope John XXIII would suggest.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Pope_John_XVII (131 words)

	Pope Joan (Morgana's Observatory)
		Pope Joan is one of the most fascinating, extraordinary characters in Western history -- and one of the least well known.
		Hus was condemned for preaching the heretical doctrine that the Pope is fallible.
		Each newly elected Pope after Joan sat on the sella stercoraria (literally, "dung seat"), pierced in the middle like a toilet, where his genitals were examined to give proof of his manhood.
	www.dreamscape.com /morgana/popejoan.htm (1057 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope John XXI (XX)
		The pope laboured to avert the outbreak of hostilities by sending, in November, 1276, legates to both kings, and by remonstrating with the parties in earnest and urgent letters.
		John also endeavoured to secure from the King of Portugal an amelioration of the ecclesiastical conditions in that country, but his pontificate was too short to witness the realization of his purpose.
		Pope John appointed other envoys, two bishops and two Dominicans, and furnished them with minute instructions, as well as with letters for the Emperor Michael, his son Andronicus, and the Greek clergy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08429c.htm (1870 words)

	JOHN FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In North_America, a ''john'' is a reference to a toilet, perhaps after the name of Sir John_Harington who invented it.
		A ''John'' is also a slang term for a man who pays a prostitute for sexual favors.
		A ''Dear John letter'' is a correspondence in which a woman informs her fiancÃ© or boyfriend of her intention to sever their romantic relationship, typically in situations where the man is stationed, as with the military, in a distant location for a period of time.
	www.witwib.com /John#Kings_and_Emperors (209 words)

	Pope's Mystery Cardinal Could Be Revealed
		When John Paul created new cardinals in 2003, he announced that he was keeping one name secret, or "in pectore," meaning "in the heart." This is a formula that has been used when the pope wants to name a cardinal in a country where the church is oppressed.
		When the pope said that he wasn’t going to publicly reveal the last cardinals identity and keep his last vote "in pectore," I personally think that he could be referring to the "Olive's Glory".
		It is alleged that Pope John XX changed his name to John XXI because he recognized the reign of the original John VIII- the female pope (not to be confused with the more commonly recognized John VIII.
	www.atsnn.com /story/131803.html (1084 words)

	AllRefer.com - John XXI, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		John XXI, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		1277, pope (1276–77), a Portuguese named Pedro Giuliano; successor of Adrian V. Known generally as Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus), he is the only Portuguese pope.
		Due to confusion in the medieval listing of popes named John, he called himself John XXI instead of John XX; this numbering is usually maintained.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John21.html (223 words)

	Catholic World News : Benedict: What's in a name?
		The successor to Pope Pius X, now a canonized saint, Pope Benedict XV is remembered today primarily for having promulgated the first complete Code of Canon Law in 1917; the code remained in force until it was supplanted by the new Code approved by the late Pope John Paul II (bio - news) in 1983.
		Pope Benedict XV was much less successful in his valiant but fruitless efforts to promote a peaceful resolution of the conflicts that begot World War I. In the history of the papacy, only John has been chosen more times (23) than Benedict as the name by which a new Pope will be known.
		For me it is interesting that the Pope reaches "back" to an earlier time for choice of name even though he clearly loved Pope John Paul II.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=36625 (514 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		Popes from a similiar family, the Medici, are featured in the genealogy of the Medici given with the rulers of Tuscany.
		It was a historic reign indeed, with John Paul playing a large part in the Fall of Communism, but in the 90's he grew gravely frail and ill. Rumors of the gravity of his condition occasionally surfaced.
		John Paul was able to accomplish it all through a combination of qualities that may be difficult to repeat.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	pf.org: Name That Pope
		The second pope of the western schism was Benedict XIII, which puts the number of papal Benedicts at XVI.
		The first pope of the western schism was Clement VII, which puts the number of papal Clements at XV.
		When the Pope was in town years back, there were big red buttons with block white letters that screamed JOHN PAUL all over the place.
	paulfrankenstein.org /archives/2005/04/03_name_that_pope.html (225 words)

	Category:Popes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The term "Pope" is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders.
		Note on numbering of popes: There has never been a Pope John XX, Pope Martin II or Pope Martin III.
		Read Pope Stephen II on the numbering of his successors with the same name.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Category:Popes (155 words)

	Countdown to 2000
		On the positive side, John XIX supported the Cluniac reform, named for a city in France from which a monastic movement spread.
		Popes Gregory VI and Benedict IX deposed...Clement II elected to head Church...Normans invade England...Construction begins on Westminster Abbey...Macbeth murdered...rule established to limit electors of pope to cardinals...
		Pope Celestine IV rules for 17 days...Roger Bacon flourishes...construction of Cologne Cathedral begins; it still stands...Kublai Khan assumes control of Mongols...Marco Polo born...Meister Eckhart born...
	www.evangelist.org /evv/comp1001.htm (2033 words)

	Pope Joan: a Novel by Donna Woolfolk Cross
		Sure enough, there was an entry on Joan--the woman who lived disguised as a man and rose to become Pope of the Church in the ninth century.
		Joan's statue stood undisputed alongside those of other Popes in the Cathedral of Siena until 1601, when, by command of Pope Clement XIII, it suddenly "metamorphosed" into a bust of Pope Zacharias.
		Pope Joan is the story of one of those dreamers.
	www.popejoan.com /faqs.htm (1001 words)

	John (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Emperor John I or Yohannes I of Ethiopia
		In addition to John the Apostle (John the Evangelist) and John the Baptist, there are several other Saint Johns.
		In North America, a john is a reference to a toilet, perhaps after the name of Sir John Harington who invented it.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/J/John.htm (325 words)

	Pope John Paul II
		John Paul II was a surprising choice: Not only was he relatively young, at fifty-eight, but he was also the first non-Italian to be elevated to the papacy for more than 450 years.
		This charming collection of letters to Pope John Paul II from school children of many backgrounds is a joyous celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his pontificate.
		John Paul II is one of the most popular, prolific, and influential Popes of recent centuries.
	www.catholicsupply.com /books/pjp.html (5740 words)

	Pope Joan
		There is one interesting piece of fact, the numbering of the Pope Johns if off by 1.
		Pope John XXI was called Pope John XX.
		Hoax or not, a woman in the line of popes breaks what the Catholic Church urges is a continuous succession of popes from Peter, the Apostile, the first pope down to the present.
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /hoax/history/history_comments/956 (933 words)

	Catholic Encyclicals
		The Pope in consultation with his bishops and scholars writes these papers on topics varying in nature.
		This work affirmed the role of the Church as a teacher distinguishing good and evil, and as a nurturing mother to the poor and oppressed, John XXIII calls for a greater awareness of the need for all peoples to live as one community with a common good.
		Exhorting Christians everywhere to be involved in the transformation of existing socioeconomic systems, John Paul II presents work as a fundamental dimension of human existence through which the "social question" must be viewed.
	www.citc.org /cstdef.htm (583 words)

	John XIX -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A confusion in the numbering of popes named John after John XIV resulted because Marianus Scotus and other 11th-century historians mistakenly believed that there had been a pope named John between antipope Boniface VII and the true John XV.
		The last of the popes from the powerful Tusculani family, he was notorious for selling the papacy and then reclaiming the office twice.
		Scottish inventor and veterinary surgeon John Boyd Dunlop was born in Dreghorn, near Irvine.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043769?tocId=9043769 (545 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope John XXI
		Attended the Council of Lyons with Pope Gregory X, where he was consecrated bishop.
		Because he worked so hard to insure the rights of the Church and the clergy, many of the secular leaders who had opposed him used the pope's great learning, his knowledge of medicine and of healing to spread rumors that he was involved in fl magic.
		Due to confusion in the medieval listing of popes named John, he called himself John XXI instead of John XX, and this numbering is normally used.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0187.htm (182 words)

	John Neumann Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		* John the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.
		* John the Evangelist, to whom the Gospel of John is attributed, often along with 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Book of RevelationRevelation.
		* Emperor John I or Yohannes I of EthiopiaYohannes I of Ethiopia
	www.echostatic.com /John_Neumann.html (226 words)

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