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	Pope John XXI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the death of Pope Adrian V, on August 18, 1276, Pedro Hispano was elected Pope at the conclave of cardinals on September 13, and he was crowned a week later.
		One of John XXI's few acts during his brief rule was to reverse the decree passed at the Second Council of Lyons, which confined cardinals in solitude until they elected a successor Pope.
		The Pope added a new wing to his palace at Viterbo; it was poorly built, and while he lay sleeping part of the roof fell in and he was seriously injured.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_XXI (377 words)

	Pope John XX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some 11th century historians believed that there had been a pope named John between antipope Boniface VII and the actual Pope John XV; thus, the series of Pope John XV to Pope John XIX was mistakenly numbered John XVI to XX.
		These popes have been renumbered as John XV to XIX; however, Pope John XXI to Pope John XXIII were numbered based on the confusion of having twenty Popes John before them.
		Hence, Pope John XX doesn't exist, having been skipped over in the enumeration of popes, and as the enumeration is now firmly established, it is unlikely that any attempt at rectification will be made.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_XX (227 words)

	Pope John XIX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John XIX, né Romanus (born in Rome, died October 1032) was Pope from 1024 to 1032.
		Against the grain of ecclesiastical history, John XIX agreed, upon being paid with a large bribe, to grant to the Patriarch of Constantinople the title of an ecumenical bishop.
		After John XIX's death, his nephew, Pope Benedict IX (1032–44, 1045, 1047–48), was found as a successor, although he was still young: according to some sources, he was only 12, but he was more likely to have been about 18 or 20.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_John_XIX (255 words)

	Pope John XXI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The pope is the catholic bishop and patriarch of rome, and head of the roman catholic church and the eastern catholic churches....
		A papal election is the method by which the roman catholic church fills the office of bishop of rome, whose incumbent is known as the pope....
		One of John's few acts during his brief rule was to reverse the decree passed at the Second Council of Lyons Second Council of Lyons quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_john_xxi2.htm (904 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope John XXI (XX)
		The pope laboured to avert the outbreak of hostilities by sending, in November, 1276, legates to both kings, and by remonstrating with the parties in earnest and urgent letters.
		John also endeavoured to secure from the King of Portugal an amelioration of the ecclesiastical conditions in that country, but his pontificate was too short to witness the realization of his purpose.
		Pope John appointed other envoys, two bishops and two Dominicans, and furnished them with minute instructions, as well as with letters for the Emperor Michael, his son Andronicus, and the Greek clergy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08429c.htm (1870 words)

	Pope Joan - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Pope Joan is generally regarded by historians as a myth, possibly originating as an anti-papal satire which gained a degree of plausibility due to certain genuine elements related in the story.
		Pope Joan was dragged feet-first by a horse through the streets of Rome, and stoned to death by the outraged crowd.
		The myth of Pope Joan was discredited by David Blondel, a mid-17th century Protestant historian, who suggested that Pope Joan's legend may have originated in a satire against Pope John XI.
	www.egnu.org /thelemapedia/index.php/Pope_Joan (1257 words)

	JOHN XXI
		One of the new Pope's first acts was to repeal the election decree of Gregory X. This, it seems, caused great scandal, but in view of the harsh treatment just undergone by the Pope and his cardinals, the action, if regrettable, is quite understandable.
		John XXI worked hard during his short reign to promote peace among Christian princes.
		This observatory was to be the death of the Pope.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp185.htm (557 words)

	John - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		John the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.
		John the Evangelist, to whom the Gospel of John is attributed, often along with 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation.
		A Dear John letter is a correspondence in which a woman informs her fiancé or boyfriend of her intention to sever their romantic relationship, typically in situations where the man is stationed, as with the military, in a distant location for a period of time.
	www.voyager.in /John (355 words)

	Pope “Joan,” the Female Pope
		Pope Joan’s existence is given perhaps its most persuasive corroboration by Platina, a serious historian, secretary to a reigning Pope, and librarian to the Vatican, who felt bound to include Pope Joan in the Canon of the Popes.
		When Pope Joan was first declared mythical almost 750 years after her assassination, the list of the Popes needed to be subjected to a bit of creative book-keeping in order to erase this blot on the record of the Papacy.
		Pope who was entered in the List of the Popes as “Pope John IX”.
	www.hypatia-lovers.com /AncientWays/section15.html (1107 words)

	AllRefer.com - John XXI, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		John XXI, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		1277, pope (1276–77), a Portuguese named Pedro Giuliano; successor of Adrian V. Known generally as Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus), he is the only Portuguese pope.
		Due to confusion in the medieval listing of popes named John, he called himself John XXI instead of John XX; this numbering is usually maintained.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John21.html (223 words)

	Condemnation of 1277
		On the contrary, the pope grants a mandate to Tempier to notify him, the pope, about new errors, and to inform him about the names of the propagators of these errors, about their followers, and about their writings.
		Pope John's second letter is a further specification of his first: he now indicates the culpits, namely “some scholars of arts and in the faculty of theology at Paris” (nonnulli tam in artibus quam in theologica facultate studentes Parisius).
		The pope will use the dossier that he has requested from the bishop to establish -- with the help of an advisory committee -- the nature of the errors and to decide whether they will have to be recanted, or condemned and whether the University of Paris will need to be reformed.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/condemnation (3791 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistories of the XIII Century
		Pope Celestine IV was elected on October 25, 1241 and died on November 10, 1241.
		Pope Leo XIII confirmed on March 9, 1898, the immemorial veneration of this Pope as a Blessed.
		Pope John XXI was elected on September 16, 1276 and died on May 20, 1277.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xiii.htm (2494 words)

	Pope John XXI
		He was devoted to secular science, and his small affection for the monks awakened the distrust of a large portion of the clergy.
		John XXI has been identified since the 14th century, most probably correctly, with Petrus Hispanus, a celebrated Portuguese physician and philosopher, author of several medical works -- notably the curious Liber de oculo, translated into German and well edited by A. Berger (Munich, 1899), and of a popular textbook in logic, the Summulae logicales.
		John XXI is constantly referred to as a magician by ignorant chroniclers.
	www.nndb.com /people/521/000095236 (141 words)

	EUROPEAN HISTORY 1276 - 1299
		John XXI alias Pedro Juliao (1276-1277) a Portuguese from Lisbon is elected pope.
		Pope Nicholas IV sent Giovanni di Monte Corvino (d-1330) a Franciscan friar to the court of the Great Kubla Khan (Lord) (1260-1294) establishing the first Roman Catholic Church in China.
		Pope Celestine is reputed to be a puppet manipulated by King Charles II of Sicily and Naples (1285-1309).
	www3.telus.net /public/dgarneau/euro55.htm (1650 words)

	Timeline: 1200-1300 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The heresy is particularly dangerous to orthodoxy because it refutes the need for worship in churches, the sacraments, and the material wealth of the church.
		Pope Innocent III calls the Fourth Lateran Council, one of the most important events in Church history, with 71 statements of doctrine ratified.
		Pope Innocent introduced a policy in which soldiers--if fighting non-Christian forces on crusade--could be given forgiveness of sins without penance.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/timeline_1200.html (1887 words)

	CHAPTER VII
		Although Ockham was not formally condemned by the Pope, he was compelled to remain in Avignon along with Michael of Cesena, the minister general of the Friars Minor, who was opposed to the Pope on the interpretation of Franciscan poverty and the temporal power of the Church.
		Pope John XXII, however, emphatically insisted that it was unjust to use temporal things without having a right to them, and hence that the Franciscans were entitled to use temporal things like food and clothing only because they have a right over them.
		In 1323 Pope John XXII denounced the election of Ludwig of Bavaria, as Holy Roman Emperor by claiming that papal confirmation was required.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series01/I-9/chapter_vii.htm (18767 words)

	May 26 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (may26his.htm)
		The Holy See's two popes who we cover today were victims of this scenario as they endeavored to clear up the confusion wrought by their predecessors.
		In fact there were a record nineteen popes during the 1200's and if you deduct Pope Innocent III who overlapped the century and ruled the Church for the first sixteen years of the thirtheenth century, each Supreme Pontiff ruled, on the average, less than five years.
		Regardless, Pedro took the name John XXI and was crowned as the one-hundred eighty-seventh successor of Peter two weeks later on September 20th.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/May/may26his.htm (1394 words)

	[No title]
		The Popes thus established a theocratic system in which all other interests were to be subordinated to the grand duty of maintaining the purity of the Faith.
		Pope Innocent VIII issued a Bull on the matter (1484) in which he asserted that plagues and storms are the work of witches, and the ablest minds believed in the reality of their devilish powers.
		The chief political facts of the period were the decline of the power of the Pope in Europe, the decay of the Holy Roman Empire, and the growth of strong monarchies, in which worldly interests determined and dictated ecclesiastical policy, and from which the modern State was to develop.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/0/6/8/10684/10684-8.txt (21334 words)

	village voice > news > The Essay by Leland de la Durantaye
		Innocent calls up a heritage of innocents, just as John Paul calls upon a dually apostolic one (though there is no restriction imposed upon a new pope—a point a Vatican official recently illustrated by noting that "a Pope Kevin I is possible, though unlikely").
		The pope whom the Viterbians sequestered and starved the Sacred College into electing wasn't a cardinal, or even a priest, and took the prudent name of Gregory (Greek for "watchful").
		The professional assassin engaged to ice the pope was to receive a visit singular in the annals of contract killings: his intended victim visiting him in prison—to pardon him.
	www.villagevoice.com /news/0515,essay,62901,6.html (1424 words)

	Pope Joan
		However, while riding one day from St. Peter's to the Lateran, he had to stop by the side of the road and, to the astonishment of everyone, gave birth to a child.
		Pope John XXI was called Pope John XX.
		Hoax or not, a woman in the line of popes breaks what the Catholic Church urges is a continuous succession of popes from Peter, the Apostile, the first pope down to the present.
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /hoax/history/history_comments/956 (943 words)

	Veniceblog: A Venetian Pope?
		John Paul was born in Belluno, but was the Patriarch of Venice before being moved up to The Show for his 15 minutes.
		Instead of Pope John XXI, he meant Pope John XXII (I do that all the time.
		If I had a dollar for every time I forgot to put an “I” at the end of a Pope’s name, I’d be a (MC)X-aire by now.) Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Pope* John XXII (1958-63), was in fact Patriarch of Venice in 1953, later made a cardinal that year.
	veniceblog.typepad.com /veniceblog/2003/10/a_venetian_pope.html (407 words)

	The Political Vision of the Divine Comedy: Chapter 02
		The one pope Dante meets in Purgatory, Hadrian V, in canto 19, is an example of greed corrected, but only when he achieves the height of earthly wealth, the papacy, and learns how little it means.[19] Then he turns to spiritual matters, an ironic instance of the papacy teaching virtue to the pope.
		In Guido's case, the roles are reversed: the pope, playing the emperor's role, is the afflicted one, with a fever for power or revenge, and he goes to the former political figure, now a monk, for a cure, a plan to undo his enemy.
		John of Paris picks up that point (De potestate regia et papal, 6) and adds that even ecclesiastical property is given to the community, not to the pope, and that lay property is under the jurisdiction of lay princes.
	dante.ilt.columbia.edu /books/polit_vis/pvc2.html (9481 words)

	John XXI - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Elkington, John (quotations): Business: It is at least conceivable that the 21st century…
		It is at least conceivable that the 21st century business environment will be so fluid that it defies analysis, forcing executives to fall back...
		The third section of John is said by some scholars to begin with Christ’s final trips to Bethany and Jerusalem, which marked the end of his public...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /John_XXI.html (133 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope John XXI
		Attended the Council of Lyons with Pope Gregory X, where he was consecrated bishop.
		Because he worked so hard to insure the rights of the Church and the clergy, many of the secular leaders who had opposed him used the pope's great learning, his knowledge of medicine and of healing to spread rumors that he was involved in fl magic.
		Due to confusion in the medieval listing of popes named John, he called himself John XXI instead of John XX, and this numbering is normally used.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0187.htm (182 words)

	Medieval Manuscripts: Credits
		John Arderne was especially known for his surgery to correct anal fistula, a disorder to which the English were thought to be particularly prone.
		Petrus Hispanus (later Pope John XXI) continued the medieval popular tradition in medicine found in many early modern English guides to health.
		The table of contents shows the scope and organization of the subject matter of John of Gaddesden's work, typical of many Latin medieval encyclopedias.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /hmd/medieval/english.html (602 words)

	June 2 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (jun2his.htm)
		The closest to John, who had been crushed to death by the ceiling in his hastily constructed "observatory" at the Papal Palace in Viterbo, was Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini who was, in reality, the power behind John XXI.
		If the Byzantine emperor thought the terms demanded by Blessed Pope Innocent V a year and a half earlier were stiff, he was astounded how demanding Nicholas' terms were, which included a permanent papal legate headquartered in Constantinople.
		It was but a brief oasis in the desert of inept pontiffs for his successor would undo much of the progress Nicholas had accomplished as the people would rebel against this weak successor who became a puppet of Charles.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/June/jun2his.htm (1355 words)

	MEMOIRS OF EXTRAORDINARY POPULAR DELUSIONS
		In the biographical sketch of John Cremer, Abbot of Westminster, given by Lenglet, it is said, that it was chiefly through his instrumentality that Raymond came to England.
		His father was John Heidenberg, a vine-grower, in easy circumstances, who, dying when his son was but seven years old, left him to the care of his mother.
		John de Rupecissa, a French monk of the order of St. Francis, flourished in 1357, and pretended to be a prophet as well as an alchymist.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/mackay.html (21457 words)

	John XXI on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		XXI Convencion de la USHCC, sin pena ni gloria: Destaco la aportacion de 10 millones de dolares de V...
		Teoria de las Relaciones Industriales de Cara al Siglo XXI transformacion del sistema de relaciones...
		1277, pope (1276-77), a Portuguese named Pedro Giuliano; successor of Adrian V. Known generally as Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus), he is the only Portuguese pope.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/J/John21.asp (328 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope John XXII
		There was a two-year inter-regnum between the death of Clement V and the election of John.
		In 1323, a quarrel broke out between pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, Louis IV of Bavaria due to John's claims of secular authority over the empire, and Louis' support of the spiritual Franciscans whom John had condemned for their insistence on poverty.
		Due to some confusion over the order of Popes John in the Middle Ages, John XXII has often been referred to as John XXI.
	www.catholicforum.com /saints/pope0196.htm (176 words)

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