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Topic: Pope Leo VIII

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	LEO (POPES) - LoveToKnow Article on LEO (POPES) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LEO IV., pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and succeeded Sergius II.
		LEO VIII., pope from 963 to 965, a Roman by birth, held the lay office of protoscrinius when he was elected to the papal chair at the instance of Otto the Great by the Roman synod which deposed John XII.
		LEO X. [Giovanni de' Medici] (1475-1521), pope from the nth of March 1513 to the ist of December 1521, was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, called the Magnificent, and was born at Florence on the i ith of December 1475.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEO_POPES_.htm (9688 words)

	Pope Leo X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (11 December 1475, Florence – 1 December 1521, Rome), pope between 1513 and his death, is known primarily for his failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther first attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
		Leo is considered the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity.
		Innocent VIII, the reigning pope, was bound to Lorenzo by domestic ties and a common policy and interest; in October 1488 Giovanni was created a cardinal (the youngest in history, at fourteen) under the condition that he should not be publicly recognised as such for three years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leo_X (644 words)

	LEO VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Elected as a layman on December 4, Leo was consecrated bishop on December 6.
		Leo then removed the chasuble and stole from Benedict and declared that he was reduced to the rank of deacon.
		Leo was said to have repaid his imperial maker by giving him extraordinary privileges and indeed by surrendering to the Emperor the lands donated by Pippin and Charlemagne.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp133.htm (406 words)

	Learn more about Pope Leo X in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Like his contemporary Henry VIII, he was from the first destined for the ecclesiastical condition; he received the tonsure at seven, held benefices at eight, and before he was thirteen negotiations were in active progress for his elevation to the cardinalate.
		Innocent VIII, the reigning pope, was bound to Lorenzo by domestic ties and a common policy and interest; in October 1488 Giovanni was created a cardinal under the condition that he should not be publicly recognised as such for three years.
		When he became pope on March 11, 1513, Leo rejoiced; he is reported to have said to his brother Giuliano "Since God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it." And he did, traveling around Rome at the head of a lavish parade featuring panthers, jesters, and Hanno, a white elephant.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/po/pope_leo_x.html (620 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Leo VIII
		Leo was a Roman and the son of one John.
		Chosen pope on 4 December, he was consecrated Bishop of Rome on 6 December, all the lesser orders having, in violation of the canon law, been bestowed upon him in the meantime by Sico, Bishop of Ostia.
		Indignant at the expulsion of Leo, and the election of Benedict, Otho hurried to Rome, and was soon in possession of both it and the new pope.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09160b.htm (531 words)

	Pope Joan
		Engraving of Pope Joan from an 18th Century polemic, "A Present for a Papist." Note the infant at her feet.
		He became a Cardinal, and when Pope Leo IV died in 853 A.D., he was unanimously elected pope.
		As Pope John VIII he ruled for two years, until 855 A.D. However, while riding one day from St. Peter's to the Lateran, he had to stop by the side of the road and, to the astonishment of everyone, gave birth to a child.
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /popeJoan.html (388 words)

	Biography – Pope Urban VIII – The Papal Library
		This pope, Maffeo Barberini, was born at Florence in 1568, son of Antonio Barberini and Camilla Barbadori, whose families were distinguished for their nobility and their lofty connections.
		On the 12th of January, 1632, the pope approved the Congregation of the Mission, instituted on the 25th of January, 1617, by Saint Vincent de Paul, a Frenchman.
		The pope restored to vigor bulls published under Alexander III, Innocent III, Clement VII, and Leo X; and they were thenceforward to be executed, notwithstanding the opposition of any emperor, king, republic, or other sovereignty whatsoever.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/Papal_Library/UrbanVIII/Biography.html (7783 words)

	Pope Leo VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Leo VIII, Pope from 963 to 965, a Roman by birth, held the lay office of "protoserinus" when he was elected to the papal chair at the instance of Otto the Great by the Roman synod which deposed John XII in December 963.
		In February 954, the emperor having withdrawn from the city, Leo found it necessary to seek safety in flight, whereupon he was deposed by a synod held under the presidency of John XI.
		On the sudden death of the latter, the populace chose Benedict V as his successor; but Otho, returning and laying siege to the city, compelled their acceptance of Leo.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_leo_viii (267 words)

	History of the Mass (7histort.htm) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With the death of Pope Agapitus II in December 955 the way had been paved for the elevation of the deceased prince of Rome Alberic II's illegitimate son Octavian to be declared the one hundredth and thirtieth pope.
		The former Octavian was one of the youngest popes in the history of Rome becoming supreme pontiff at the age of 18.
		The pope and emperor, in an effort to restore decency, morality, and a sense of trust in the clergy re-emphasized the need for celebacy in the clerical ranks and to continue reform of the monasteries throughout Europe.
	www.dailycatholic.org /7histort.htm (1793 words)

	Leo X, pope
		Leo was not a competent ruler; he was a good, pious man, a dilettante of letters and art, but not greatly interested in the advancement of the church.
		Leo excommunicated the reformers, notably with the bull
		The Path to a New Pontiff: On the outside, the election of a new Pope is a carefully choreographed ritual steeped in Catholic tradition.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0829413.html (297 words)

	Pope Leo X: Evaluation of His "Fable of Christ" Statement
		Leo the tenth was a Florentine borne, of the noble house of Medicea, and called ere he were Pope John Medices.
		This Leo was of his owne nature a gentil and quiet person:but often times ruled by those that were cruell and contencious men, whom he suffered to do in many matters according to their insolent wil.
		If [Holding] really wants to embrace Pope Leo X as a beloved brother in Christ, he is perfectly free to do so.
	www.tektonics.org /lp/popeleox.html (3126 words)

	Pope Clement VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Clement VIII was pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Born Ippolito Aldobrandini, Clement VIII was elected in January 1592.
		Europe is principally indebted to this Pope for the peace of Vervins (1598), which put an end to the long contest between France and Spain.
	www.city-search.org /po/pope-clement-viii.html (461 words)

	Pope Pius VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His Holiness Pope Pius VIII''', born '''Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, (November 20, 1761 - December 1, 1830) was Pope from 1829 to 1830.
		He held various high offices thereafter, including that of Grand Penitentionary, and, upon the death of Pope Leo XIILeo XII was elected pope.
		Because Pius VIII died after hardly two years in office, there were rumours that he had been poisoned.
	www.infothis.com /find/Pope_Pius_VIII (253 words)

	The Episcopal Lineage of Blessed Pope Pius IX and of Pope Pius VIII
		Consecrated 3 June 1827 in the Church of San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, by Francesco Saverio Cardinal Castiglioni, Bishop of Frascati, assisted by Giacomo Sinibaldi, Titular Archbishop of Damietta and Antonio Piatti, Titular Archbishop of Trebisonda.
		Consecrated 17 August 1800 in the Church of Saints Dominic and Sixtus, Rome, by Giuseppe Maria Cardinal Doria Pamphilj, assisted by Nicola Buschi, Bishop of Ferentino and Camillo Campanelli, Titular Archbishop of Athens.
		Consecrated 16 March 1749 in the Church of the Royal Convent of La Encarnación, Madrid, by Enrique Enriquez, Titular Archbishop of Nazianzus and Apostolic Nuncio to Spain, assisted by Juan Antonio Pérez de Arellano, Titular Bishop of Cassia and Andrés Núñez Monteagudo, Titular Bishop of Maxula.
	home1.gte.net /res7gdmc/aposccs/id11.html (345 words)

	Pope Leo VIII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In February 964, the emperor having withdrawn from the city, Leo found it necessary to seek safety in flight, whereupon he was deposed by a synod held under the presidency of (Click link for more info and facts about John XII) John XII.
		On the sudden death of the latter, the populace chose (Click link for more info and facts about Benedict V) Benedict V as his successor; but Otto, returning and laying siege to the city, compelled their acceptance of Leo.
		Leo VIII was succeeded, after the deposition of Benedict, by (Click link for more info and facts about John XIII) John XIII.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_leo_viii3.htm (197 words)

	Pope Joan / John VIII - The First Female Pope? 11.05.03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to the official record, John VIII was Pope from 872 to 882.
		I wish I had time to see what Geoffrey Barraclough says about John VIII in his The Medieval Papacy (1968) Unfortunately Ludwig Pastor's 40-volume History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages does not cover the earlier period.
		The documents about the early Popes are so scarce that it is impossible to write anything definitive about them.
	wais.stanford.edu /Religion/religion_FirstFemalePope(110503).html (501 words)

	BENEDICT V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He had taken part in the council which had deposed John XII and elected Leo VIII.
		Leo was his pope and he proclaimed that he would as soon give up his sword as give up Leo.
		Though he was true pope, Benedict's position was weakened by the fact that he had taken part in the election of his rival Leo VIII, a fact the imperialists were quick to point out.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp132.htm (380 words)

	Claims of Apostolic Succession (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Roman Catholics, for example, claim that the Pope is the successor of the apostle Peter, and that he's infallible and the ruler of all Christians on earth as a result.
		The legitimacy of [Pope Leo VIII's] pontificate, at least until [Pope] John XII's death, has been contested; it depends on the validity, debated among canonists, of John's deposition....
		Usually classified as an antipope, [Alexander V's] claim to be an authentic pope is still debated, and some historians give him the compromise description of 'council pope'.
	members.aol.com /jasonte2/lineage.htm (691 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Leo VI
		The exact dates of the election and death of Leo VI are uncertain, but it is clear that he was pope during the latter half of 928.
		When Leo became pope, he was Cardinal-Priest of St. Susanna.
		The only other item of information regarding Leo which has reached us is that "according to most writers he was buried in St. Peter's".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09159c.htm (179 words)

	The Seven Cent Nickel
		The first pope to be martyred and the first pope to be named a saint.
		He was first pope to approve the use of torture in the Inquisition to obtain evidence of heresy.
		Clement is the pope who refused to grant King Henry VIII a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
	sevencentnickel.blogspot.com (2132 words)

	Leo (disambiguation) - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The word Leo is the Latin word for Lion.
		the Lion, whose species is known scientifically as Panthera leo
		Leo (film), a 2000 film by the Spanish filmmaker José Luis Borau
	open-encyclopedia.com /LEO (122 words)

	Otto I, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Pope John XII appealed to Otto, who entered Rome and was crowned emperor early in 962, reviving the imperial title of the Carolingians and legitimizing the German kings’ claim to the Middle Kingdom; Otto thus linked the destinies of Italy and Germany.
		John soon found the emperor too powerful and, while Otto was campaigning against Berengar, secretly negotiated with Otto’s enemies.
		Otto’s campaign (966–72) to gain control over S Italy was unsuccessful, but a minor diplomatic triumph was scored in 972 when Emperor John I of Byzantium gave a Greek princess in marriage to Otto’s son and successor, Otto II.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ot/Otto1-HRE.html (499 words)

	TIMELINE TO 1000 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pope Leo the Great 440-461 claims supreme and universal authority for pope.
		Gregory the Great 1st monk to become Pope, 590, and virtual civil ruler of Rome as well.
		Became Pope at age 18, was most corrupt pope in history.
	www.unca.edu /classics/rohancart/medievalart/timeline_to_1000_ce.htm (216 words)

	The Urban Myth - Urban VIII, that is!
		He reserved the beatification of saints to the Holy See and in a Bull, dated 30 October, 1625, forbade the representation with the halo of sanctity of persons not beatified or canonized, the placing of lamps, tablets, etc., before their sepulchres, and the printing of their alleged miracles or revelations.
		People are to be subject to the sanctions of both Popes Leo XIII and Urban VIII, viz.
		This is the very same book that the present day apparitionists promote in defiance of Pope Piux XI - and every pope from him to Pope John Paul II; for the prohibiting Decrees have never been revoked or withdrawn, and according to Cardinal Ratzinger, still retain their moral force.
	jloughnan.tripod.com /salurban.htm (700 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Leo VIII
		Chosen pope on 4 December 963 at the insistence of Emperor Otto the Great following deposition of Pope John XII.
		When Otto withdrew his forces from Rome in February 954, the opposition to Leo became open, and he had to flee the city and was deposed by a new synod.
		The Roman citizens chose Benedict V, but Otto and his army returned, laid seige to the city, and forced them to accept Leo.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0131.htm (111 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, when Otto proclaimed the Privilegium Ottonianum, which declared that the pope is a vassal of the emperor, John began to plot against him.
		When John failed to appear at a synod that accused him of misconduct, Otto made Leo VIII pope.
		In January of 964, John led a rebellion against Otto and the new pope; John lost.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/johnxii.html (176 words)

	Pope Leo XIII 18 January 1901 Christian Democracy
		Pope Leo XIII 18 January 1901 Christian Democracy
		Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII promulgated on 18 January 1901
		Letter to the Minister General of the Minorites, November 25, 1898.
	www.ewtn.com /library/encyc/l13grcom.htm (3206 words)

	The Episcopal Lineage of Pope Alexander VIII
		Blessed Pope Pius IX and Pope Pius VIII Lineage
		Pietro Vito Ottoboni, Cardinal and Bishop of Brescia, the future Pope Alexander VIII.
		Consecrated 27 December 1654 at Rome, in the Church of Saint Mark, by Marcantonio Cardinal Bragadin, Bishop of Vicenza, assisted by....
	home1.gte.net /res7gdmc/aposccs/id20.html (105 words)

	Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This fane was miraculously consecrated in 948 by Christ Himself, assisted by the Four Evangelists, S. Peter and S. Gregory the Great.
		Even the rationalistic Father Thurston, S.J., will be unable to impugn this holy marvel, as it was investigated and confirmed by Pope Leo VIII, and subsequently ratified by many a Pontiff, the last being Pius VI, who in 1793 confirmed the acts of all his predecessors.
		The miraculous statue is enthroned in a little chapel which stands within the great abbey church in much the same way as the Holy House at Loreto, encased in marbles and elaborate wood-work, the goal of ten thousand pilgrimages.
	www.malleusmaleficarum.org /part_II/notes/n2059.html (245 words)

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