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	Pope Leo XI
		Pope Leo XI CatholiCity - The Catholic Church Simplified
		His mother, Francesca Salviati, was a daughter of Giacomo Salviati and Lucrezia Medici, the latter being a sister of Leo X. From his boyhood he led a life of piety and always had an earnest desire to enter the ecclesiastical state, but could not obtain his mother's consent.
		During his sickness he was importuned by many members of the Curia and by a few ambassadors from foreign courts to confer the cardinalate on one of his grandnephews, whom he had himself educated and whom he loved dearly, but he had such an aversion for nepotism that he firmly refused the request.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/l/leo_xi,pope.html (492 words)

	AN ABRIDGED HISTORY OF ROME - PART III - V - EARLY BAROQUE ROME
		Pope Clement VIII was a pious man, but this does not mean that he did not indulge in a practice formally condemned by all the popes but too tempting to resist: he appointed three of his nephews cardinals and other members of the family were given important positions.
		Pope Paul V overcame the reluctance of some cardinals to pulling down the façade of old S. Pietro and went ahead with a project which changed the shape of the new basilica and resulted in a new façade (see the inscription celebrating the pope).
		Pope Paul V and his nephew Cardinal Scipione Borghese were great collectors of works of art: the family's city palace and suburban villa housed a large collection which was not limited to ancient statues but included works of art of contemporary painters.
	www.romeartlover.it /Storia23.html (3568 words)

	Pope Pius XI - ApostolicWiki
		Pope Pius thus became a head of state (albeit the smallest state in the world), the first pope who could be termed as such since the Papal States fell after the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
		Coat of Arms of Pope Pius XI In all cases either the documents were later found, having been misfiled, were discovered to have destroyed quietly on the late pope's orders, or in the aftermath of a papal death an aide had kept the document as a memento of the late pope, not realising its importance.
		Pope Pius XI was buried in the crypt at St.
	www.taac.us /index.php?title=Pope_Pius_XI (2999 words)

	Pope - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It was under Leo I that the bishopric of Rome was first acclaimed in ecumenical council at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 as "speaking with the voice of Peter".
		Pope John Paul II abolished vote by acclamation and by selection by committee, and henceforth all Popes will be elected by full vote of the Sacred College of Cardinals by ballot.
		In 800 Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish ruler Charlemagne as Roman Emperor, a major step toward establishing what later became known as the Holy Roman Empire; from that date it became the Pope's prerogative to crown the Emperor or any monarch with affiliations with the church until the crowning of Napoleon.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope (5689 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Leo XI (June 2, 1535 – April 27, 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year.
		He was born in Florence: his mother, Francesca Salviati, was a daughter of Giacomo Salviati and Lucrezia de' Medici, a sister of Leo X, while his father, Ottaviano, was a more distant scion of the Medici family.
		On April 1, 1605, Alessandro ascended the papal throne with the Medici name Leo XI, being then almost seventy years of age, but was taken ill immediately after his coronation and died within the month.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Pope_Leo_XI (334 words)

	Pope Paul V Summary
		As pope, he often mediated political conflicts and sometimes was at the center of disputes, such as one with Venice in 1606 that almost escalated into a war.
		Pope Paul V was born as Camillo Borghese in Rome, Italy, on September 17, 1550.
		Pope Paul V welcoming the embassy of the Japanese samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga in Rome in 1615.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Paul_V (2658 words)

	Counter-Reformation Popes
		The feast was transferred to 30 April as an optional Memorial in the universal calendar on 14 February 1969 by Pope Paul VI, and is in Rome and the Vatican kept as an obligatory Memorial.
		His Holiness Pope Leo XI died on 27 April 1605 in Rome, in the 1st year of his pontificate, at the age of 69-years.
		Pope Urban VIII issued a decree on 10 June 1630 reserving the titles eminentia, eminentissime, and vestra eminentia from that day forward to the use of the Cardinals.
	www.ghg.net /shetler/popes/counterreform.html (1156 words)

	Popes of the Past
		Pope Pius IX was born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti in Sinigaglia, Italy on May 13, 1792.
		Pope Leo told Catholic historians that the whole truth must be found in their work, encouraged Bible study, set up the permanent Biblical Commission and sponsored the Catholic University in Washington D.C. As the 257th pope, Pope Leo XIII led the Catholic Church for a total of 25 years.
		Pope Paul VI was the 263rd pope to head the Catholic Church.
	www.lagazzettaitaliana.com /pastpopes.asp (1021 words)

	Pope Pius XI Summary
		The Pope judged that it was folly for the French Church to continue to tie its fortunes to the unlikely dream of a monarchist restoration, and found the movement's tendency to defend the Catholic religion in merely utilitarian and nationalistic terms, as a vital contributing factor to the greatness and stability of France, unorthodox.
		Pius XI thus became a head of state (albeit the smallest state in the world), the first Pope who could be termed as such since the Papal States fell after the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
		Pope Benedict XVI has decreed that from September 18, 2006 all documents relative to the pontificate of Pope Pius XI be made available to researchers.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Pius_XI (3748 words)

	Pope Paul V Biography
		When Pope Leo XI died (May 8, 1605) Camillo became Pope over a number of candidates including Caesar Baronius and Robert Bellarmine, his neutrality and distance from factionalism made him an ideal compromise candidate.
		Within a year (March 1607) the disagreement was mediated and the Pope withdrew his censure.
		In Rome the Pope financed the completion of St. Peter's Basilica, and improved the Vatican Library.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Paul_V_Pope.html (273 words)

	IN THE GRANDUCHY
		Pope Leo XI, Alessandro de' Medici was before his election Archbishop of Florence and he rebuilt the Bishop's Palace in Piazza del Duomo.
		The predecessor of Marcellus II, Pope Julius III Giovan Maria Ciocchi del Monte, had a palace in the main square of Montepulciano and his coat of arm as a Cardinal is typical of that full Renaissance period.
		Pienza is the self-celebration of Pius II, Enea Silvio Piccolomini, pope in the period 1458-1464.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Granduca.html (1021 words)

	November 10, 1999 TOP 100 CATHOLICS: (nov10top.htm)
		Leo was born of noble parents Count Louis Pecci and Anna Prosperi Pecci on March 2, 1810 in the family palace at Carpineto, Italy which was then in the Diocese of Anagni in the Papal States.
		Leo's were a forerunner for all the modern Popes which have been elevated to a higher level by John Paul's attention to all God's children in emphasizing human dignity and the Sanctity of Life.
		Leo XIII was able to see the dawn of the new century but he knew within his heart that he would not live to see any of the events he realized were inevitable.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/archives/1999Nov/213nov10,vol.10,no.213txt/nov10top.htm (2295 words)

	Leo XIII, pope. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Leo’s election brought a turn in the course of the papacy; he was abreast of the times and tried, especially by preaching to the whole church, in encyclical letters, to form Roman Catholic attitudes appropriate to living in the modern world.
		His influence was increased by the length of his reign; thus he was able to furnish the college of cardinals with an unusual number of excellent men (including John Henry Newman in 1879 and James Gibbons in 1886).
		Leo’s program for society appeared in Rerum novarum (1891), an arraignment of capitalism that also showed the insufficiencies of Marxian socialism; it set up Catholic aims and ideals.
	www.bartleby.com /65/le/Leo13.html (405 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Leo XI
		Chosen bishop of Pistoia on 9 March 1573 by Pope Gregory XIII.
		Part of the two conclaves of 1590 that chose Pope Gregory XIV and Pope Urban VII.
		Papal legate to France from 3 April 1596 to 10 November 1598 for Pope Clement VIII; he worked for increased influence of the Church, reduced influence of the Huguenots at the court.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0232.htm (279 words)

	Pope Leo XI - Definition, explanation
		Leo XI, né Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (Florence, June 2 1535–April 27 1605), was pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year.
		He was born into the powerful Medici family: his mother, Francesca Salviati, was a daughter of Giacomo Salviati and Lucrezia de' Medici, a sister of Leo X, while his father was a more distant scion of the Medici family.
		On April 1, 1605, Alessandro ascended the papal throne with the Medici name Leo XI, being then seventy years of age, but took sick immediately after his coronation and died within the month.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/po/pope_leo_xi.php (312 words)

	St. Peter's - Monument to Leo XI
		This white marble Monument to Leo XI is by Alessandro Algardi (1595-1654).
		The Pope, with a gentle paternal expression, extends his hand toward the faithful; below are the figures of the Majesty of the Kingdom and Liberality, composed and austere.
		Leo XI was a member of the famous Medici family and a grandnephew of Leo X. But while Leo X was a thoroughgoing Renaissance prince, his grandnephew was a true Counterreformation pope.
	www.stpetersbasilica.org /Monuments/LeoXI/LeoXI.htm (689 words)

	Pope
		The Pope's role is kind of like that of a chairman of a board, or captain of a football team, with the other team players being the bishops.
		Pope Innocent VII (1484-1492) and Pope Leo X (1513-1521) were from the Borgia and Medici families which were kind of like the Sopranos of the middle ages.
		Basically, the biggest reason that the Pope was head of his own country is that it is important that the Church not be interferred with by any other political leaders and if the head of the Church was in a country governed by a political leader it would be vulnerable to outside interference.
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/pope.htm (4675 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	Pope Paul V
		Paul V, given name Camillo Borghese, successor of Pope Leo XI, was born in Rome on the 17th of September 1552, of a noble family.
		The cause of the republic was brilliantly advocated by Fra Paolo Sarpi, counsellor of state; the defenders of the papal theory were Cardinals Baronius and Robert Bellarmine.
		The pope talked of coercion by arms; but Spain, to whom he looked for support, refused to be drawn into war, and the quarrel was finally settled by the mediation of France (March 22, 1607).
	www.nndb.com /people/298/000095013 (434 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Leo XII
		His father's family had been ennobled by Leo XI in 1605; his mother was Maria Luisa Periberti of Fabriano.
		His first measures were some not very successful attempts to repress the brigandage and license then prevalent in Maritima and the Campagna, and the publication of an ordinance that confined again to their Ghettoes the Jews, who had moved into the city during the period of the Revolution.
		But Leo's health was too frail to support his unremitting devotion to the affairs of the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09167a.htm (1373 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Leo XI (Florence, June 2, 1535 – April 27, 1605 in Rome), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year.
		He was born in Florence: his mother, Francesca Salviati, was a daughter of Giacomo Salviati and Lucrezia de' Medici, a sister of Leo X, while his father, Ottaviano, was a more distant scion of the Medici family.
		On April 1, 1605, Alessandro ascended the papal throne with the Medici name Leo XI, being then seventy years of age, but was taken ill immediately after his coronation and died within the month.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Pope_Leo_XI (336 words)

	Four Popes from 1550 to 1605 without consecration information
		Pope Julius III (1550 - 1555), Giovanni Maria Ciocchi dei Monte, elected Archbishop of Manfredonia 18 March 1513.
		Pope Innocent IX (1591 - 1591), Giovan Antonio Facchinetti, elected Bishop of Nicastro in 1560.
		Pope Leo XI (1605 - 1605), Alessandro de`Medici, elected Bishop of Pistoia in 1573.
	mysite.verizon.net /res7gdmc/aposccs/id33.html (146 words)

	Pope John XI
		Son of Pope Sergius III (904-911) and Marozia, ruler of Rome.
		Pope John XI then fell subject to his half-brother, Alberic II, who took control of the church.
		Pope John XI was beaten and placed in prison, where he later died from poisoning.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=141 (106 words)

	Catholics: Pope Joan, Avignon
		Pope Victor III is known to have died in 1087.
		While it is a fact that Pope Clement V was in danger in Rome it is also a fact that once the danger passed the Popes remained in Avignon.
		It was the great saint, Catherine of Siena that persuaded Pope Gregory XI that for the betterment of the Church he needed to return to Rome which he then did do.
	en.allexperts.com /q/Catholics-955/Pope-Joan-Avignon.htm (776 words)

	Pope Sergius III
		He personally strangled his rival, Pope Christopher and Pope Leo V (903), while blessing their necks during confession.
		The reign of Pope Sergius III began the period known as "The Rule of the Harlots" (904-963).
		Following the death of Sergius III, Theodora had her lover, Pope John X (914-928), return to Rome to be appointed the next Pope.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=135 (222 words)

	Pope Leo XI: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Pope Leo XI: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Leo XI Paul V Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII
		They therefore went the round of the cubicles with a lantern, declaring to the cardinals that Medici was Pope and that they must hurry if they wished to join in the adoration.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-leo-xi.htm (1675 words)

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