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	Pope Liberius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint.
		The successor of Pope Julius I, he was consecrated according to the Catalogus Libenianus on May 22.
		After the death of the emperor Constantius in 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that assembly, but, with the concurrence of bishops Athanasius and Hilarius, retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrew their adherence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Liberius (208 words)

	Pope Damasus I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When Pope Liberius was banished by Emperor Constantius to Beraea, in 354, Damasus was arch-deacon of the Roman church and followed Liberus into exile, though he immediately returned to Rome.
		In the early Church, new Bishops of Rome were elected or chosen by the clergy and the people of the diocese in the presence of the other bishops in the province, which was the manner customarily used in other dioceses.
		Pope Damasus rebuilt or repaired the church, which by the 7th century was a station on the itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Damasus_I (1742 words)

	LIBERIUS - LoveToKnow Article on LIBERIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 355 Liberius was one of the few who, along with Eusebius of Vercelli, Dionysius of Milan and Lucifer of Cagliari, refused to sign the condemnation of Athanasius, which had anew been imposed at Milan by imperial command upon all the Western bishops; the consequence was his relegation to Beroea in Thrace, Felix II.
		In 366 Liberius gave a favorable reception to a deputation of the Eastern episcopate, and admitted into his communion the more moderate of the old Arian party.
		His biographers used to be perplexed by a letter purporting to, be from Liberius, in the works of Hilary, in which he seems to write, in 352, that he had excommunicated Athanasius at the instance of the Oriental bishops; but the document is now held to be spurious See Hefele, Conciliengesch.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LI/LIBERIUS.htm (952 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Liberius
		Liberius sent another letter to the emperor; and his envoys, the priest Eutropius and the deacon Hilary, were also exiled, the deacon being besides cruelly beaten.
		The pope wrote a letter, generally known as "Quamuis sub imagine", to the exiled bishops, addressing them as martyrs, and expressing his regret that he had not been the first to suffer so as to set an example to others; he asks for their prayers that he may yet be worthy to share their exile.
		He knew that the pope was the only ecclesiastical superior of the Bishop of Alexandria, and he "strove with burning desire", says the pagan Ammianus, "that the sentence should be confirmed by the higher authority of the bishop of the eternal city".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09217a.htm (4398 words)

	The Alleged Fall of Pope Liberius
		The resolution of Liberius and Osius was at length subdued by the hardships of exile and confinement.
		Liberius approved of it and subscribed it as Catholic; he renounced the communion of Athanasius and embraced that of the Easterns, that is, of the Arians." Fleury here admits that the formula signed has an orthodox interpretation, but otherwise the tenor of his opinion is, that Liberius became a heretic, openly and scandalously.
		Liberius was of Roman birth and became Pope, A.D. a stormy period in the Church's history, when anarchy was beginning to prevail in the government, and heresy to grow strong apace.
	www.mwt.net /~lnpalm/librius1.htm (7355 words)

	ARTICLE-UPON THIS ROCK
		Liberius was Pope at the height of the Arian heresy, when at one point all the bishops in the Roman world who were allowed to function as such by the Em peror Constantius had been compelled to condemn St. Athan asius, who was upholding the orthodox faith almost alone except for the common people.
		Pope St. Leo II (681-683) did confirm the acts of the council, but he also noted explicitly that Pope Honorius was being condemned for tardiness and negligence in not denouncing the Monothe lite heresy sooner.
		Pope Urban VI was validly elected and generally recognized as Pope in 1378 but was betrayed later that year by his entire College of Cardinals, which claimed against all the evidence that his election was invalid, and named Cardinal Robert of Gene va to take his place as Clement VII.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/Dossier/1998-03-04/rock.html (2833 words)

	LIBERIUS
		From now on the popes will be troubled again and again by imperial interference, and of this Pope Liberius is an outstanding example.
		Liberius was a Roman who succeeded St. Julius as pope in the May of 352.
		Pope Liberius appealed to him to hold a council.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp36.htm (474 words)

	Catholic Online - Saints & Angels - St. Damasus
		Liberius, after this, lay hid some time in the vaults of the cemeteries, for fear of the persecutors, as we learn from Sozomen, Prosper, in his chronicle, Lucifer of Cagliari, and Anastasius, in the life of pope Julius.
		Liberius died on the 24th of September, 366, and Damasus, who was then sixty years old, was chosen bishop of Rome, and ordained in the basilic of Lucina, otherwise called St. Laurence's, which title he bore before his pontificate.
		This edict pope Damasus caused to be read in all the churches of Rome, and he was very severe in putting the same in execution, so as to give great offense to some unworthy persons who, on that account, went over to the schismatics, but some time after returned to their duty.
	www.catholic.org /saints/saint.php?saint_id=618 (2342 words)

	ST. SIRICIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On January 6, 386, Pope Siricius held a synod at Rome, attended by eighty bishops, at which a number of disciplinary decisions were made.
		The Pope then held a synod in 390 which condemned the theories of Jovinian and excommunicated him and his chief followers.
		Pope Siricius received an embassy from the East asking him to put an end to the long-drawn-out schism in the see of Antioch.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp38.htm (432 words)

	Infallibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The problematic point was that Liberius, as Pope, had signed the creed of the local Synod of Sirmium, which creed purposely had avoided identifying the Son of God as "consubstantial" with the Eternal Father.
		Pope Liberius, in order to safeguard the Faith as professed at Nicaea, had actually subjoined an addendum to the Creed of Sirmium to which he affirmed his faith in the consubstantiality of the Persons of the Holy Trinity.
		So, if a Pope, in his ordinary teaching, contradicts the "revealed" doctrines of the past, either as manifested in solemn decrees of past Popes or Councils, or as manifested clearly in Scripture, or as upheld constantly by tradition, the error must be brought to his attention.
	www.catholicism.org /pages/infal.htm (6336 words)

	The Corrupt Papacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Liberius' successor Damasus (366-84), who had served as deacon under both Liberius and Felix, would inherit some of the consequences of his predecessor's exile.
		Of the twenty-five popes between 955 and 1057, thirteen were appointed by the local aristocracy, while the other twelve were appointed (and no fewer than five dismissed) by the German emperors.
		The popes themselves were deeply embroiled in the internecine dynastic warfare of the Roman nobility, and election to the chair of Peter, as we have seen, was frequently a commodity for sale or barter.
	members.aol.com /jasonte/papacy.htm (2060 words)

	[No title]
		By erecting a church to the Virgin Mary, Liberius perhaps wished to foster her cult as the Mother of God against the spread of Arian beliefs.
		Pope Nicholas replaced Sixtus' earlier representation of the Madonna with Child with a portrayal of the Virgin as a crowned and bejewelled Byzantine bride, enthroned side by side with Christ.
		The golden wood ceiling over the nave was commissioned by the Borgia Pope Alexander VI (whose coat of arms is prominently displayed), designed by the "father of the Italian Renaissance." Leon Battista Alberti, and (supposedly) embellished with the first gold brought from the new world, donated by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHRIST/MAGGIORE.TXT (1329 words)

	What are we to think of the Sedevacantist Position
		Some popes just barely were kept, by the protection of God for His Church, from the ultimate error, since their error was personal, even though public, but they did not formally and unequivocally teach error in the name of the Church.
		The act of omitting the name of the Pope from the Mass (Una Cum Famulo Tuo Nostro-----) before a determination of the Church were to publicly manifest a Pope to have been a formal heretic, is schismatical and mortally sinful and endangers ones communion with the Catholic Church.
		For example Pope John XXII (1316-1334) in three sermons during 1331 preached against the common opinion of theologians that the souls of the just do not enjoy the beatific vision immediately after death, nor are the wicked at once eternally damned, but that all await the final judgment of God at the Last Day.
	www.geocities.com /athens/rhodes/3543/sede.htm (6855 words)

	Basilicas of Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Liberius and Giovanni Patricio received an apparition form the Blessed Mother requesting them to build a basilica in Rome where it had snowed that evening.
		The summit of the Esquiline Hill, was covered in snow and Pope Liberius traced the outline of the future church in the snow.
		Pope Sixtus III rebuilt the basilica, to commemorate the declaration of St Mary's Divine Motherhood (Theotokos) by the Council of Ephesus in 432.
	www.signumcrucis.net /basilicas.htm (1077 words)

	STRENGTHENING BRETHREN (This Rock: January 1998)
		Pope Liberius authorized Athanasius to convoke a council to resolve the schism in Antioch.
		Under Pope Damasus a synod in Rome had condemned this heresy, proclaiming the Holy Spirit to be one in deity and substance with the other two Persons of the Trinity.
		The Pope already had defined the consubstantiality of the Holy Spirit in what came to be called the "Tome of the Westerns." The Tome was the Pope’s response to Basil’s pleas for help from Rome to overcome the Macedonian heresy.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1998/9801eaw.asp (1915 words)

	Is Sedevacantism Catholic? Part 4
		Pope Liberius upon his cross at Sirmium, used and scorned by his enemies, pitied and abandoned by his friends, alone, fearfully alone, “a worm and no man,” strong bulls of Bashan all around him, bones like water, heart like wax, laid in the dust of death.
		The prayers of the suffering Pope, of Athanasius the hunted fugitive and his loyal monks in the desert and among the tombs of Egypt, of the simple faithful rose silently to Heaven.
		Saint Athanasius knew the pope was controlled by the emperor and wasn’t free to rule as he saw fit.
	www.sspx.org /miscellaneous/is_sedevacantism_catholic4.htm (1531 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Damasus was ordained a deacon during the pontificate of Pope Liberius in the mid 4th century.
		During Liberius' pontificate there was much turmoil and he was exiled and the anti-pope Felix was put in his place.
		Despite the fact that the beginning of Damasus' pontificate was marred by violence, he is considered one of the greatest popes of the 4th century Church.
	www.christdesert.org /public_graphics/martyrology/names/d/damasus.txt (341 words)

	COUNCIL MINUS PAPACY EQUALS CHAOS (This Rock: November 1997)
		Theodoret wrote, "Pope Julius, adhering to the law of the Church, both commanded them to repair to Rome and summoned Athanasius to trial." Note the phrase "adhering to the law of the Church." Universal papal jurisdiction is "the law of the Church."
		If the pope decided affirmatively, he would remit the case to the bishops of the province adjacent to the accused bishop’s province or he would send a legate to settle the case by himself or in cooperation with the bishops of the adjacent province.
		Pope Liberius’ legate presided at the opening of the Council of Ariminum, at which more than 400 bishops were present.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1997/9711eaw.asp (2258 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Felix II
		In 355 Pope Liberius was banished to Beraea in Thrace by the Emperor Constantius because he upheld tenaciously the Nicene definition of faith and refused to condemn St. Athanasius of Alexandria.
		The bishops, assembled in that city of Lower Pannonia, wrote to Felix and the Roman clergy advising there to receive Liberius in all charity and to put aside their dissensions; it was added that L.iberius and Felix should together govern the Church of Rome.
		Liberius permitted the members of the Roman clergy, including the adherents of Felix, to retain their positions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06030a.htm (531 words)

	Bible Study - Antipopes
		The term pope was originally used for all of the many bishops of the western leg of the Roman church.
		Pope Nicholas decreed that the German emperors would no longer have a leading role in the selection of popes.
		This resulted in 2 popes being elected, one by the old rules, one by the new: Honorius II and Alexander II.
	www.keyway.ca /htm2001/20010314.htm (365 words)

	Pope Liberius -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The successor of (Click link for more info and facts about Pope Julius I) Pope Julius I, he was consecrated according to the Catalogus Libenianus on May 22.
		After the death of the emperor Constantius in (Click link for more info and facts about 361) 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that assembly, but, with the concurrence of bishops Athanasius and (Click link for more info and facts about Hilarius) Hilarius, retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrew their adherence.
		In (Click link for more info and facts about 366) 366 Liberius gave a favourable reception to a deputation of the Eastern episcopate, and admitted into his communion the more moderate of the old Arian party.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_liberius.htm (232 words)

	Ex Cathedra
		When a Pope speaks from the chair (cathedra) of authority as the visible head of all Christians, his teaching is infallibly Christ’s true teaching.
		When Pope Liberius stood with Athanasius in proclaiming the true faith, Constantius imprisoned and so cruelly mistreated him that Liberius finally agreed to condemn Athanasius.
		Pope John XXII proposed in three sermons that the souls of the just do not enjoy the beatific vision immediately after their particular judgment but only after the general judgment.
	www.secondexodus.com /html/catholicdefinitions/excathedra.htm (543 words)

	Articles - Papal abdication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Benedict IX, who was accused of causing scandal by his disorderly life, abdicated in 1044 to join a monastery.
		Pope Gregory XII, the legitimate pope, sent legates to the council to (1) formally convoke the council, so that it would be a valid Ecumenical council, and (2) present his resignation of the office to allow the free election of a successor.
		Pope John Paul II threatened to resign during a period of martial law in his native Poland in order to lead the political opposition against the Communists' suppression of religious and other rights.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Papal_abdication (548 words)

	Jubilee Rome, Part IV
		The original church built by Liberius was replaced at the end of the Council of Ephesus, which issued the dogma proclaiming Mary the "Theotokos," the Mother of God.
		This church, built by Pope Sixtus III in 432, was the oldest, largest and most important dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and thus became known as St. Mary Major.
		Pope Benedict XIV had the Basilica rebuilt in 1743 in the baroque style of that period, dramatically transforming it into the present church.
	www.adoremus.org /0800-Sheila.html (3036 words)

	Warren H Carroll
		Pope Liberius was a weak man (the first Pope after St. Peter never honored as a saint) and he was imprisoned and probably had been tortured to force him to support the Arian heresy, at the time he condemned St. Athansius.
		Though Pope Liberius did condemn St. Athanasius under heavy pressure from his captors, he refused to sign a clearly Arian statement of faith, but did sign an equivocal statement which could be interpreted either in an orthodox or an Arian sense.
		Pope St. Pius V excommunicated Queen Elizabeth and called on her people to rise against her, and it only seemed to strengthen her.
	www.ewtn.com /library/answers/popeguil.htm (500 words)

	Rejection of Pascal's Wager: The Myth of Papal Infallibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Papal infallibility is the idea that the pope is infallible, that is, he is unable to err in teaching revealed truth.
		Elected pope during the height of the Arian controversy, he was sent into exile by Emperor Constantius II (337-361) for refusing to condemn Athanasius.
		The case of Pope Honorius I who was pope from the year 625 to 638 is enough to prove this point.
	www.geocities.com /paulntobin/infallible.html (1177 words)

	Papal Infallibility
		The "pope" (an Italian word meaning "father") and the bishops together are the magisterium of the Church, that is, the teaching authority.
		Although the two radio priests stated that the early Popes did not know they were infallible with the same certainty of faith as later Popes, some might believe, that the popes, as well as others, did understand their own authority in the Church.
		Remember that in order for a pope to exercise the charism of infallibility, he must offically be defining a doctrine relating to faith or morals—the pope is not infallible when it comes to science or any other field of thought, furthermore, the other two conditions to pronounce an infallible doctrine were not present.
	www.catholicfaithandreason.org /papal_infallibility.htm (3454 words)

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