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Topic: Pope Marinus I

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	Wikipedia: Pope Formosus
		Pope Formosus was born around 816, probably in Rome.
		Following the reigns of Marinus, Pope Hadrian III (884-885), and Pope Stephen V (885-891), Formosus was elected Pope on October 6 891.
		Pope Stephen VI, the successor of Boniface, influenced by Lambert and Agiltrude sat in judgment on Formosus in 897.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/p/po/pope_formosus.html (473 words)

	Pope Formosus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Formosus (born around 816 in Ostia) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 891 to 896.
		Following the reigns of Marinus, Pope Hadrian III (884–885) and Pope Stephen V (885–891), Formosus was elected Pope on October 6 891.
		Pope Stephen VI, the successor of Boniface, influenced by Lambert and Agiltrude, sat in judgment of Formosus in 897, in what was called the Cadaver Synod.
	www.kiwipedia.com /formosus.html (544 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Marinus I
		There is reason for believing that Marinus I was elected on the very day of the death of John VIII (16 Dec., 882), and that he was consecrated without waiting for the consent of the incompetent emperor, Charles the Fat.
		Marinus sent the pallium to the distinguished Fulk of Reims, and, at the request of King Alfred of England, freed from all taxes the Schola Anglorum, or headquarters of the English in Rome.
		Marinus was buried in the portico of St. Peter's.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09670b.htm (453 words)

	Pope Adrian III
		Adrian III was pope from 884 to 885.
		He was born at Rome.He died in 885, at Modena, on a journey to Worms, in modern Germany.
		Little is known of Adrian's papacy, nor of why he is venerated.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ad/Adrian_III.html (38 words)

	Pope
		The Pope's role is kind of like that of a chairman of a board, or captain of a football team, with the other team players being the bishops.
		Pope Innocent VII (1484-1492) and Pope Leo X (1513-1521) were from the Borgia and Medici families which were kind of like the Sopranos of the middle ages.
		Basically, the biggest reason that the Pope was head of his own country is that it is important that the Church not be interferred with by any other political leaders and if the head of the Church was in a country governed by a political leader it would be vulnerable to outside interference.
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/pope.htm (4676 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Photius of Constantinople
		Pope Nicholas I, in the heat of the quarrel writes to the Emperor Michael III: "Consider very carefully how Photius can stand, in spite of his great virtues and universal knowledge" (Ep.
		In 863 the pope held a synod at the Lateran in which the two legates were tried, degraded, and excommunicated.
		Because of these errors the pope and all Latins are: "forerunners of apostasy, servants of Antichrist who deserve a thousand deaths, liars, fighters against God" (Hergenröther, I, 642-46).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12043b.htm (3848 words)

	Pope Vigilius Summary
		Pope Vigilius, who reigned as pope from 537 to 555, was descended from a Roman family of distinction.
		Vigilius was chosen by Pope Boniface II as his successor, and presented to the clergy assembled in St.
		The pope was taken immediately to a ship that waited in the Tiber, in order to be carried to the eastern capital, while a part of the populace cursed the pope and threw stones at the ship.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Vigilius (2899 words)

	Pope Leo I Summary
		Although the primacy of the pope was recognized, the patriarch of Constantinople was given the same privileges of honor and the right to ordain metropolitans in Asia, Pontus, and Thrace.
		Pope Leo I was a Roman aristocrat who was Pope from 440 to 461.
		Pope Innocent I had constituted the metropolitan of Thessalonica his vicar, in order to oppose the growing power of the patriarch of Constantinople there.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Leo_I (2756 words)

	MARINUS I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 866, after being made a deacon, Marinus was sent on a legation to Constantinople, but imperial officials refused to allow the legates to cross the Bulgarian-imperial frontier.
		Though it was quite against custom to elect a bishop to be pope, Marinus was chosen to succeed John VIII.
		The Pope met him at the monastery of Nonantula in 883 to discuss the sad state of affairs.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp109.htm (375 words)

	Pope Marinus I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Before becoming Pope, he served as Bishop of Caere, which made his election controversial, because, at this stage of history, a bishop was expected never to leave office to move to another see.
		Among his first acts as pope were the restitution of Formosus as Cardinal Bishop of Portus and the anathematizing of Photius.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Marinus_I (179 words)

	Popes
		Popes through history have often reflected the violence, corruption and even sexual deviance of their age.
		The female Pope might have ruled longer but her true gender was discovered after a love affair resulted in her giving premature birth to a boy during a ceremonial procession.
		Formosus was later absolved by Pope Marinus I. This Pope is best remembered not for his achievements during his life, but rather for the Cadaver Synod held after his death.
	www.freewebs.com /wraithist/popes.html (844 words)

	Pope Marinus I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marinus I, sometimes called Martin II, pope from 882 to 884, was the son of a Tuscan priest, and entered the church at an early age, becoming a deacon about 862.
		Three successive popes sent him as legate to Constantinople, his mission in each case having reference to the controversy excited by Photius; and having become an archdeacon and a bishop, he also negotiated on behalf of Pope John VIII with the emperor Charles the Fat.
		This pope was on friendly terms with the English King Alfred the Great.
	www.nndb.com /people/105/000095817 (158 words)

	Pope Clement I
		He was a bishop of Rome, the fourth pope, although possibly the third or second, before Pope Anacletus (76-88).
		In 609, Pope Boniface IV (608-615) had "twenty-eight cartloads of sacred bones" placed under the high alter when he converted the Pantheon into a Christian church.
		In 817, Pope Paschal I (817-824) had 2300 bodies of martyrs dug up and moved to the new church of St. Prassede.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=4 (562 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Urban VI, elected 1378, was the last Pope who was not already a cardinal at the time of his election.
		Pope John Paul II abolished vote by acclamation and by selection by committee, and henceforth all Popes will be elected by full vote of the Sacred College of Cardinals by ballot.
		The primacy is therefore regarded primarily as a consequence of the Pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the Roman Empire, a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th canon of the Council of Chalcedon.
	www.skeletalmuscles.net /muscles.php?title=Pope (5615 words)

	Pope Formosus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His brief reign as Pope was troubled, and his remains were exhumed and put on trial in the notorious Cadaver Synod.
		As early as 872 he was a candidate for the papacy, but due to political complications he left Rome and the court of Pope John VIII that year.
		In 883 John's successor, Pope Marinus I, restored Formosus to his suburbicarian diocese of Portus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Formosus (575 words)

	List of Popes - PolskiInternet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy.
		In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed.
		Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy.
	www.polskiinternet.com /english/info/pope-list.html (250 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the IX Century
		Sergio e Bacco, one of the 7 original ones, was erected by Pope St. Agatho in 678 in the VIII Region of Rome, in the Roman Forum, next to the Arch of Sptimius Severus.
		It was suppressed by Pope Sixtus V in 1587 and later demolished during the pontificate of Paul V (1605-1621).
		Romano Marin, from Gallese, Tuscany, nephew of Pope Marinus I, cardinal priest in 867, his title is not known.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm (2110 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (101-150)
		After his coronation Charles the Gross failed to maintain his promise of help, and the pope was defeated by the Arabs; he was forced to pay a large tribute.
		Dominated by internal factions, he had the corpse of pope Formosus exhumed and thrown into the Tiber after a mock trial.
		He was the first pope to undertake the process of canonization of a saint: UIderic.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope101_150.htm (2660 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Popes Nicholas I and Adrian II refused to move a bishop from one see to another.
		Formosus served as papal legate to France and Germany, and in 869, he was a member of the synod that deposed Patriarch Photios of Constantinople.
		Formosus was elected pope in 891, and after crowning Guido III of Spoleto and his son Lambert co-emperors the next year, the pope appealed to Arnulf, king of the East Franks, to free Rome from the tyranny of its co-emperors.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/formosus.html (296 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		To Roman Catholics, the Pope may be the holiest man on earth, the heir and keeper of the deepest truths of religion.
		The Pope was not the ruler of that Church, but one of the Ecumenical Patriarchs, along with the Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople.
		Popes from a similiar family, the Medici, are featured in the genealogy of the Medici given with the rulers of Tuscany.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (9005 words)

	Pope Agapetus I
		In 530, Antipope Dioscoro (530) had been elected as pope with a majority vote over Pope Boniface II (530-532), who had been unlawfully picked by Pope Felix IV (526-630) as his successor.
		Boniface II then forced the clergy to sign a retraction vote, and decreed that the late Dioscoro was to be anathemised, removed from the papal records and declared a false pope.
		In 535, Pope Agapetus I ordered that the anathema be reverted, and had it burned in the presence of an assembled clergy.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=64 (640 words)

	Pope Stephen (V) VI
		Pope Stephen (V) VI CatholiCity - The Catholic Church Simplified
		Quattro Coronati by Marinus I, and his obvious holiness was the cause of his being chosen pope.
		He was consecrated in September, 885, without waiting for the imperial confirmation; but when Charles the Fat found with what unanimity he had been elected he let the matter rest.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/stephen_vi,pope.html (329 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Marinus I; Martin II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Marinus I; Martin II Pope Marinus I; Martin II Reigned from 882 to 884.
		He condemned Photius, bestowed the pallium on archbishop Fulk of Rheims, and out of regard for King Alfred freed the Anglo-Saxon head-quarters at Rome from all tax and tribute.
		Owing to the similarity between the names Marinus and Martinus some historians call the two popes Marinus respectively Martin II and III, and the successor of Nicholas III called himself Martin IV.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd05077.htm (119 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Marinus I; Martin II
		Patron Saints Index: Pope Marinus I; Martin II Pope Marinus I
		Papal legate to the Council of Constantinople in 869, representing Pope Adrian II while still a deacon.
		Due to the similarity between the names Marinus and Martinus some historians called him Pope Martin II.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0108.htm (61 words)

	Countdown to 2000
		In a significant event in world history, Charlemagne was crowned by Pope Leo III, creating a Roman empire in the west that was distinct from the Byzantine Empire of the east.
		821-840 A.D. Pope Gregory IV should have been known as 'the Referee.' He spent a great portion of his 16 years in the Vatican trying to keep peace in the imperial family, which was split by jealousies, conspiracies and disputes.
		A skilled diplomat who had served previous popes, he was known for his intelligence and asceticism.
	www.evangelist.org /evv/comp1000.htm (1763 words)

	Color Code
		Pope Deusdedit succeeds Boniface IV The Hegira Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina
		Pope Adrian III succeeds Marinus I. Pope Stephen VI succeeds Adrian III.
		Pope Leo V succeeds Benedict IV, is deposed with Pope Christopher antipope.
	faculty.molloy.edu /smayo/med_chronology.htm (4999 words)

	St. Pachomius Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		King Boris of Bulgaria was so impressed with the bishop that he twice requested Formosus be made metropolitan of Bulgaria.
		Pope Marinus I restored Formosus to the see of Porto.
		When the synod found the dead pope guilty, Stephen had the cadaver stripped of its papal vestments and removed the fingers with which the pope had blessed.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/Xformosus1.html (276 words)

	Kukiforum - Chronology of Christianity (2)
		Pope Benedict IX Pope Gregory VI Pope Clement II Pope Benedict IX Pope Damasus II Pope Leo IX Split between Eastern and Western churches formalized, Orthodox Church
		Pope Innocent VI Earliest extant documentation stating the existance of the Shroud of Turin
		Pope Gregory XI Pope Urban VI Anti-Pope Clement VII
	www.kukiforum.com /menu_files/chron_chri2.htm (1649 words)

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