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Council of Constance

	Pope Martin V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Martin V was widely esteemed for moderation, learning, uprightness and business capacity, but he is not seen as a reforming Pope.
		When the "nations" of the council pressed their plans for reform, Martin V submitted a counter scheme, and ultimately entered into negotiations for separate concordats, for the most part vague and illusory, with Germany, England, and France.
		It was prorogued for seven years, and then met at Basel; shortly after its opening Martin V died of apoplexy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Martin_V (294 words)

	Pope Martin V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Martin V, né Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 – February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St.
		Martin's Day (November 11) at the Council of Constance by a conclave consisting of twenty-three cardinals and thirty delegates of the council, which after deposing antipope John XXIII (1410–15), had long experienced much perplexity from the conflicting claims of Pope Gregory XII (1406–15) and antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423).
		His first act after his election was to publish a brief confirming all the regulations made by his predecessors with regard to the papal chancery, regulations which had long been the subject of complaint.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Martin_V (294 words)

	Martin, V Biography / Biography of Martin, V Biography
		He voted in the election of Alexander V in 1409 and of John XXIII in 1410, hoping in each case, as did all men of goodwill, that the choice of the council would prevail and that the two reigning popes, Benedict XIII and Gregory XII, would accept the conciliar decision that they be deposed.
		Martin V was not the man to permit such conditions to persist.
		It has been said that Martin V was a gentle man, and this judgment seems to be borne out by his many attempts, through correspondence and emissaries, to bring about peace between England and France, engaged at that time in the Hundred Years War.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-martin-v (836 words)

	MARTIN - LoveToKnow Article on MARTIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Martin published the decrees of his Lateran synod in an encyclical, and Constans replied by enjoining his exarch to seize the pope and send him prisoner to Constantinople.
		Martin was arrested in the Lateran (June 15, 653), hurried out of Rome, and conveyed first to Naxos and subsequently to Constantinople (Sept. 17, 654).
		MARTIN V. (Otto Colonna) (1417-1431) was elected at Constance on St Martins Day, in a conclave composed of twentythree cardinals and thirty delegates from the five different nations of the council.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARTIN.htm (1199 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Callistus III
		When Alfonso V of Aragon resolved to withdraw from the Schism and place himself and his kingdom under the jurisdiction of Martin V, Alfonso Borgia acted the part of mediator with Benedict's successor, Clement VIII, and induced the latter to submit to the lawful pope.
		As pope he was chiefly concerned with the organization of Christian Europe against the invasion of the Turks.
		The pope endeavoured to make peace between Frederick III and Ladislaus of Hungary, but during the negotiations Ladislaus died (1457), after a reign of seven years, and his death was the occasion of renewed disputes between the three great representatives of the House of Hapsburg, Frederick III, Albrecht VI, and Sigismund of Tyrol.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03187a.htm (1536 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Early Modern: Lecture Seven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sigismund and numerous conciliarists put pressure on Martin V. Although Martin V finally called a council to meet at Pavia in 1423, the council was slow in gathering and hindered by an epidemic in the city.
		Martin still hoped the council would be able to achieve what Sigismund and the Crusade had failed to do; namely, to convince the Bohemians to submit to the Pope's authority.
		Pope Eugenius IV became convinced before a year was over that the new Council of Basel was going to be as unproductive as Pavia.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34633e07.html (2943 words)

	Can the Pope Retire?
		Pope St. Pontian was martyred in 236 (237), either from ill treatment in general or from a mortal beating.
		Pope Sylvester III was consecrated on Jan. 20, 1045.
		Pope Gregory XII (1406 - 1415) was elected as the legitimate pope at a time when there were two anti-popes: The Avignon Pope, Benedict XIII, who was supported by the French king; and the Pisa Pope, John XXIII, who was supported by conciliarists of the renegade Council of Pisa.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/religion/re0786.html (1221 words)

	Late Middle Ages - Pope Martin V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Martin was elected agreeing to all the stipulations of the Council of Constance, but he spent most of his pontificate finding ways to re-assert papal supremacy and to undercut the authority of the councils.
		Martin was nowhere near strong enough to resist a Council that was well organized, but he was crafty.
		Martin was not a great reformer, but he squelched at least some abuses in Rome and generally presented a picture of a respectable pope doing a respectable job.
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/papacy/martinv.html (570 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The Fifteenth Century
		Pope Martin V ratifies the Council of Constance.
		Fra Angelico is summoned to Rome by Pope Eugene IV to paint frescoes for the Chapel of the Sacrament in the Vatican.
		Ferdinand V, of Aragon, marries Isabella I of Castile.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/15cent.html (3076 words)

	MARTIN V
		Martin V was a vigorous man, virtuous, able, and gracious.
		Martin was unable to approve this, but he feared to provoke a fresh schism.
		Martin indeed called a council for Pavia in 1423, but when the plague sent it to Siena, so few were present that the Pope dissolved it.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp204.htm (503 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - The Church
		In 1305, Pope Clement V (1305-1314) temporarily moved his court from Rome to Avignon in south-eastern France in an attempt to maintain papal autonomy - thus began the Avignonese or Babylonian Captivity.
		Meanwhile, Pope Urban VI appointed new cardinals to fill the French vacancies and, for the next thirty-seven years, the Church was split by the Great Schism which saw papal courts established at both Rome and Avignon.
		Yet, despite the democratic flavour of the Council of Constance which placed them in power, Martin V and his successors insisted on the unchallenged authority of the pontificate and the Council of Basel (1431 - 1449) was the last major attempt at conciliarism.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/church.html (1420 words)

	Chapter 15: A History of Aragon and Catalonia
		Pope Martin did his utmost to raise further support for the Duke of Anjou, sending ambassadors to the rulers of Milan, Florence and other Italian towns; but in October Alfonso won a brilliant naval victory off Pisa over the Genoese, who were obliged to place themselves under the supremacy of the Duke of Milan.
		The Pope died in 1431, and his successor, Eugenius IV, was not favourably disposed to the claims of Aragon, but Alfonso none the less considered that the situation justified preparation for his enterprise.
		Negotiations between himself and the Pope ended in an agreement by which he recognized Eugenius IV as the one and only true head of the Church, and in return was invested by the Pope with the kingdom of Naples, under the same conditions as those under which Charles I of Anjou had held it.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/hac15.htm (6881 words)

	Avignon Papacy
		Boniface VIII was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.
		The popes who immediately succeeded him were completely under the influence of the kings of France, and removed the Papal seat from Rome to Avignon, sometimes known as the Babylonian Captivity.
		Clement V, pope (1305-1314), (Bertrand de Goth, archbishop of Bordeaux, France) is memorable in history for his suppression of the order of the Templars, and as the pope who removed the seat of the Roman see to Avignon.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/avignon_papacy.htm (1125 words)

	b1431 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The position of the pope as the common Father of the Christian world had been seriously compromised by the transfer of the papal court to Avignon, and by the subsequent identification of the interests of the Church with those of a particular race.
		It was in accordance with this decree that Martin V convoked the Council of Basle, and it is only by understanding the feeling underlying this decree that we can grasp the significance of the dispute waged between Eugene IV and the council.
		Was it to be the pope or the council?
	www.waterbutler.com /b1431.htm (3912 words)

	AllRefer.com - Martin V, 1368–1431, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Martin V, 1368–1431, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		In Martin's reign an attempt to prolong the schism was made in Spain by the followers of Antipope Benedict XIII (see Luna, Pedro de), who chose (1425) a successor to him called Clement VIII (otherwise Gil SAnchez MUnoz).
		Alfonso V of AragOn patronized this antipope out of political motives, but, gaining nothing, he made Clement resign (1429) and recognized Martin.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Martin5.html (387 words)

	Glossary: The Church
		She urged Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome from Avignon as well as pressing for peace in Italy and another Crusade to recover the Holy Land.
		Pope Martin V, who had supported conciliarism as a cardinal, was nevertheless firmly against any intrusion into his authority once he had been elected pope.
		Subsequent popes claimed their authority from their succession to St. Peter's bishopric, or seat, arguing that as St. Peter was the chief apostle so the pope was the head of the apostolic Church.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/glossary/churgloss.html (2473 words)

	Celestines - TheBestLinks.com - Benedictine, Monasticism, Pope Martin V, Pope Benedict XI, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Celestines, Benedictine, Monasticism, Pope Martin V, Pope Benedict XI, Pope...
		The hermit Pope found time in the few short months of his Papacy to coufirm the rule of the order, which be had himself composed, and to confer on the society a variety of special graces and privileges.
		Subsequently the French Celestines, with the consent of the Italian superiors of the order, and of Pope Martin V in 1427, obtained the privilege of making new constitutions for themselves, which they did in the 17th century in a series of regulations accepted by the provincial chapter in 1667.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Celestines.html (883 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Martin V
		He deserted the lawful pope, Gregory XII, was present at the council of Pisa, and took part in the election of the antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII.
		His successor Clement VIII submitted to Martin V in 1429, while another successor to Benedict XIII, who had been elected by only one cardinal and styled himself Benedict XIV, was excommunicated by Martin V, and thereafter had only a few supporters.
		Though Martin V allowed adjustment of the temporal affairs of the Church to draw his attention from the more important duty of reforming the papal court and the clergy, still the sorry condition of Rome and of the Papal States at his accession palliate this neglect.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09725a.htm (1315 words)

	Church History Forum: Papal Abdication and Retirement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pope St. Martin I (649-655): resigned in 655 while in exile in Crimea (he had been exiled by the Byzantine Emperor Constans II for his rejection of the heresy of Monothelitism).
		Pope Benedict IX (1032-45): this pope was one of the few bad eggs that have held the Chair of Peter.
		Pope Gregory VI (1045-46): this pope was the godfather of Benedict IX, he bought the office from his godson, to avoid further scandal.
	www.saint-mike.org /Apologetics/QA/Answers/Church_History/h010826Lim.html (427 words)

	Expert Answer Forum
		Pope Martin V was elected unanimously in the 41st session on November 8, 1417.
		Martin V, after the Council was over, condemned the theory of conciliarism, which was the major doctrinal idea advanced at the fifth session.
		Since this idea was proclaimed before Martin was elected and not approved by the pope, it was not an act of the extraordinary Magisterium.
	www.saint-mike.org /Apologetics/QA/Answers/Church_History/h001226Nate.html (644 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Martin V
		His election by the conclave at the Council of Constance as 206th pope ended the Schism.
		Though offered many other lodgings, Martin established his papacy in Rome, and worked to rebuild it and the Papal States.
		To restore Church unity and papal prestige, he made concordats with various rulers, and denounced the theory that councils are supreme in the Church, an idea that had gained popularity at Pisa and Constance.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0206.htm (115 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Martin V; Oddone Colonna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born in 1368 in Genazzano, Italy as Oddone Colonna; died in 1431 in Rome, Italy.
		He deserted the lawful pope Gregory XII and was himself elected by the Council of Constance, which he dissolved in 1418.
		He concluded concordats with Germany, France, England, and Spain, and was able to reach Rome with the aid of Queen Joanna of Naples.
	www.catholic-forum.com /Saints/ncd05103.htm (125 words)

	papal resignation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the other hand, Pope St. Silverius, who was consecrated pope on June 1, 536, was the first pope forcibly deposed.
		He was the nephew of Pope Benedict VIII (1012 — 1024) and Pope John XIX (1024 — 1032), and a member of one of the powerful families.
		Pope Gregory XII (1406 — 1415) was elected as the legitimate pope at a time when there were two anti-popes: The Avignon Pope, Benedict XIII, who was supported by the French king; and the Pisa Pope, John XXIII, who was supported by conciliarists of the renegade Council of Pisa.
	www.catholicherald.com /saunders/05ws/ws050303.htm (1229 words)

	Papal Schism, 100Years War, Black Plague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The humiliation that the Pope suffered at the hands of Charles of Anjou was compounded by the increasing polarization among the different political factions in the city of Rome.
		Although the move was undertaken in part to insure the Pope freedom of action, it appeared to many in Europe that the presence of the papacy in France compromised the Pope's independence and made the papacy the vassal of the French crown.
		The new Pope Martin V disagreed; and, although he complied with the desire to convene subsequent councils, he worked to make those councils as ineffective as possible.
	www.li.suu.edu /library/courses/hum101/papal.htm (2027 words)

	The Jubilee in Church History
		Pope Martin V proclaimed a Holy Year twenty-five years later (rather than thirty-three), with a commemorative Medal and the opening of a Holy Door in St. John Lateran.
		Pope Clement XIV announced the Jubilee, but the Holy Door was opened by his successor Pope Pius VI.
		Pope Pius IX did proclaim the next Holy Year, even though the Holy Door was not opened due to the occupation of Rome by King Vittorio Emmanuele.
	www.ewtn.com /jubilee/history/church1.htm (629 words)

	Martin V -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		A cardinal subdeacon who had helped organize the Council of Pisa in 1409, he was unanimously elected pope on Nov. 11, 1417, in a conclave held during the Council of Constance (1414–18), which had been called to end the Great Schism (1378–1417), a split in the Western church caused by multiple claimants to the papacy.
		After the council adopted seven church reform decrees, leaving their execution to Martin, he concluded concordats on other points with the principal countries involved, chiefly methods of taxation and some modifications in favour of national demands for the reform of abuses in the papacy's central bureaucracy.
		Martin neglected the opportunity offered by councils for church reform, toward which his own efforts were halfhearted and ineffective.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9051150?tocId=9051150 (1225 words)

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