
	Where results make sense

Topic: Pope Nicholas II

Related Topics

Conclave

Pope Constantine

Nicholas II

Pope Gregory II

Pope Gregory VII

Pope Leo IX

1058

1050s

1057

1274

Russia under Nicholas I

Nicholas II of Russia

1054

Czar Nicholas II

July 4

In the News (Wed 2 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Nicholas II of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas II of Russia (18 May 1868 - 17 July 1918) (in Russian Николай II (Nikolai II)) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland.
		Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark).
		Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a daughter of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia (2928 words)

	Pope Nicholas II
		Pope Nicholas II Nicholas was born at Chevron, in what is now Savoy; elected at Siena, December, 1058; died at Florence 19 or 27 July, 1061.
		To this end Nicholas II held in the Lateran at Easter, 1059 a synod attended by one hundred and thirteen bishops and famous for its law concerning papal elections.
		The pope's answer was a repetition of the decree concerning elections at the synod of 1061, at which the condemnation of simony and concubinage among the clergy was likewise renewed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/nicholas_ii,pope.html (1390 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nicholas II, né Gerard of Burgundy (died either July 19 or July 27, 1061), pope from December 1058 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence.
		But Nicholas did not understand (since he had little input from the common people) how suspicious the common people were of his wife, both because she was German by birth and because of her affiliation with Rasputin, who was widely seen as a lecherous charlatan and a harmful influence on state policy.
		Nicholas, Alexandra, and their five children remained in the royal residence The Alexander Palace, with decreasing staff until they were moved to Tobolsk in Siberia in August 1917, an effort by the struggling Kerensky government to keep them safer than was possible in Tsarskoe Selo.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nicholas-II (355 words)

	Pope Nicholas II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas II, born Gérard de Bourgogne (died July 19 or July 27, 1061), Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence.
		Meanwhile, Peter Damian and Bishop Anselm of Lucca had been sent by Nicholas II to Milan to adjust the difference between the Patarenes and the archbishop and clergy.
		After Pope Nicholas II's Death in July 1061 there would be a reform of papal elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Nicholas_II (361 words)

	7 Things You Should Know About the Pope - MSN Encarta
		Pope John Paul II led the Roman Catholic Church for more than 25 years--only three other men in history served longer as pope.
		Pope Paul VI stipulated that only cardinals who have not reached their 80th birthday before the date of the pope's death may enter the conclave, but those over 80 can participate in preliminary meetings.
		But this man, who became Pope Urban VI* and may well have had serious clinical personality problems, so angered the cardinals that, a few months after their conclave, they claimed their election of him was invalid.
	encarta.msn.com /guide_pope/7_Things_You_Should_Know_About_the_Pope.html (2576 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Nicholas II
		Notwithstanding Pope Stephen IX’s deathbed dictum, the anti-reformist faction proclaimed the Bishop of Velletri, Italy to be Pope Benedict X on April 5, 1058.
		Pope Nicholas II was a reform prelate and set controls for the election and conduct of popes by assembling a synod of 113 bishops on April 13, 1059 whose first order of business was to declare the election of Pope Benedict X unconstitutional.
		Pope Nicholas II died in Florence on July 27, 1061, and was buried in the Cathedral of Santa Reparata now the Duomo.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeNicholasII.htm (373 words)

	Nicholas II of Russia in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nicholas was the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark).
		Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a daughter of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom.
		Nicholas, feeling that it was his duty, and that his personal presence would inspire his troops, decided to lead his army directly, assuming the role of commander-in-chief after dismissing his uncle from that position, the highly respected and experienced Nikolai Nikolaevich (September 1915) following the loss of the Russian Kingdom of Poland.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Nicholas_II (2505 words)

	The history of the pope
		The first popes were chosen by the local clergy in Rome, however, at various times government officials chose to influence the vote or were so displeased by the selection, they appointed their own choice, who became known as the antipope.
		In 1059 Pope Nicholas II and in 1179 Pope Alexander III made separate rulings stating all papal electors must be cardinals and have an equal vote in the electoral process.
		Most, but not all popes, are installed in their post with an official cornation ceremony, led by all the voting and non-voting cardinals, but the current Pope, John Paul II refused this rite and chose instead to be installed during a Mass in St. Peter’s Square.
	wi.essortment.com /popehistory_rmpx.htm (797 words)

	Pope Saint Gregory VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was he who assisted Nicholas II in promulgating the decree of election, by which the power of choosing the pope was vested in the College of Cardinals, thus freeing the papacy from political intervention.
		When Nicholas died in 1061, there was a period of dissension, as the imperial party wished to place their candidate into the papal office.
		On Christmas Eve in 1075, as the pope was distributing Holy Communion at Midnight Mass, a gang of hoodlums came into the Church, took Gregory captive and demanded surrender of church property.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/1978_November/Pope_GregoryVII.htm (1863 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Saint Nicholas I
		Pope Nicholas appeared as a conscientious representative of the Roman Primacy in the Church.
		As the warnings of the pope were without result, and the archbishop ignored a thrice-repeated summons to appear before the papal tribunal, he was excommunicated.
		The Emperor Louis II took up the cause of the deposed bishops, while King Lothair advanced upon Rome with an army and laid siege to the city, so that the pope was confined for two days in St.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11054a.htm (1278 words)

	NICHOLAS II
		Gerard was elected and enthroned as Nicholas II.
		The main blow struck for reform by Nicholas was the promulgation of new papal election decrees at a synod held at Rome in 1059.
		A German synod dared to condemn the decrees and declare Nicholas II deposed.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp153.htm (555 words)

	CNN.com Special Report
		The next pope will be chosen in a well-defined traditional process that has been developed over centuries but one that the late Pope John Paul II also put his own stamp on.
		If a pope is not elected after three days, voting is suspended for a maximum of one day to pause for prayer, informal discussion among the voters, and a brief spiritual exhortation from the senior cardinal in the Order of Deacons.
		Many popes have been formally installed with a coronation, but Pope John Paul II refused a coronation and was installed as the pope during a Mass in St. Peter's Square.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2005/pope/stories/selection.process (1025 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections and conclaves by century
		The decree In Nomine Domine, issued by Pope Nicholas II in the Lateran Synod, on April 13 (12?), 1059, established that the pope should be elected by the cardinal-bishops.
		The long dispute between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry V because of the episcopal investitures, culminated with the second excommunication of the monarch on March 7, 1080.
		After the wishes of Popes Gregory and Victor as to their successors had been made known to the assembly, the usual three days of fasting and prayer were proclaimed, and the meeting adjourned till Sunday.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xi.htm (1189 words)

	CNN - Biography - Pope John Paul II - Smoke over the Vatican: Picking the pope
		The first popes were chosen by local clergymen who lived near Rome, but kings, emperors and other interested bystanders have done what they could to influence the process as well.
		But in 1059 Pope Nicholas II decreed that henceforth all papal electors must be cardinals, and in 1179 Pope Alexander III ruled that all cardinals would have an equal vote in the election.
		In 1274, Pope Gregory X decided that the cardinals must meet within 10 days of a pope's death, and that they should be kept in strict seclusion until a pope was chosen.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1999/pope/selection (659 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Nicholas II
		Nicholas was born at Chevron, in what is now Savoy; elected at Siena, December, 1058; died at Florence 19 or 27 July, 1061.
		On his way to Rome the new pope held at Sutri a well-attended synod at which, in the presence of Duke Godfrey and the imperial chancellor, Guibert of Parma, he pronounced deposition against Benedict X.
		The latter was driven from the city in January, 1059, and the solemn coronation of Nicholas took place on the twenty-fourth of the same month.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11055a.htm (1472 words)

	Pope Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Nicholas II Pope Nicholas II '''Nicholas II''', né Gérard de Bourgogne (died either July 19 or July 27, 1061), pope from December 1058 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence.
		Meanwhile, Peter Damian and Bishop Anselm of Lucca had been sent by Pope Nicholas to Milan to adjust the difference between the Patarenes and the archbishop and clergy.
		Nicholas 2 Nicholas 2 Nicholas 2 de:Nikolaus II.
	pope-nicholas-ii.area51.ipupdater.com (141 words)

	Pope Nicholas II
		Nicholas II, Roman Catholic Pope from December 1058 to July 1061, was a Burgundian named Gérard, who at the time of his election was bishop of Florence.
		Meanwhile, Pietro Damiani and Bishop Anselm of Lucca had been sent by Pope Nicholas to Milan to adjust the difference between the Patarenes and the archbishop and clergy.
		Pope Nicholas, moreover, had offended the German bishops by what they regarded as arbitrary interference with their rights: he had refused to send the pallium of Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz; he had sent a sharp letter of admonition to Archbishop Anno of Cologne.
	www.nndb.com /people/517/000103208 (423 words)

	Online edition of Sunday Observer - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope John Paul II is the most travelled and possibly the most athletic pope in history; he skied, kayaked, hiked, took daring swims in the Skawa river and climbed mountains.
		His appointment as cardinal in 1967 by Pope Paul VI was welcomed by the communist government which saw him as 'flexible.' He shrewdly bided his time not letting his distaste of communism show while demanding permits to build churches, defending youth groups and ordaining priests to work underground in Czechoslovakia.
		In 1059 Pope Nicholas II decreed that henceforth all papal electors must be cardinals and in 1179 Pope Alexander III gave all cardinals an equal vote in the election.
	www.sundayobserver.lk /2005/03/06/fea15.html (2108 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Alexander II
		Cardinal Anselm, Bishop of Lucca in Italy, was enthroned as Pope Alexander II on October 1, 1061.
		In 1063, Pope Alexander II passed a series of reform decrees, one of which specifically reflected the vigilance of the Patari in forbidding the laity to hear Mass of a priest who did not live a chaste life.
		Pope Alexander II died of natural causes and was laid to rest in the Roman Basilica of Saint John Lateran on April 21, 1073.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeAlexanderII.htm (246 words)

	papal resignation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope St. Pontian was martyred in 236 (237), either from ill treatment in general or from a mortal beating.
		Pope Sylvester III was consecrated on Jan. 20, 1045.
		Pope Gregory XII (1406 — 1415) was elected as the legitimate pope at a time when there were two anti-popes: The Avignon Pope, Benedict XIII, who was supported by the French king; and the Pisa Pope, John XXIII, who was supported by conciliarists of the renegade Council of Pisa.
	www.catholicherald.com /saunders/05ws/ws050303.htm (1229 words)

	papal conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Given this background, when the pope dies, there is a nine-day period of mourning, during which time the prescribed funeral rites are performed.
		Pope John Paul II asserted, "I further confirm by my apostolic authority the duty of maintaining the strictest secrecy with regard to everything that directly or indirectly concerns the election process itself" (Intro.).
		Although later rescinded, the Council also mandated that if a pope was not elected after three days, then the cardinals would only have one meal at noon and one at night; and if a pope was not elected after five days, they would receive only bread, water and wine.
	www.catholicherald.com /saunders/05ws/ws050310.htm (1024 words)

	Pope nicholas ii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Start the Pope nicholas ii article or add a request for it.
		Look for Pope nicholas ii in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Pope nicholas ii in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_nicholas_ii (155 words)

	A guide to popes through the ages who, like Cardinal Ratzinger, have taken the name Benedict. -- Beliefnet.com
		The 146th pope was the Count of Tusculum and a nephew of the two preceding popes.
		Nicholas II excommunicated Benedict X and forced him to flee to the castle of Gerard of Galeria.
		Born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, the 248th pope was the son of Marcello Lambertini and Lucretia Bulgarini, of Bologna.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/165/story_16542_2.html (606 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Nicholas II; Gerhard of Burgundy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Nicholas II Reigned from 1058 to 1061.
		Born in 1010 in Chevron, France as Gerhard of Burgundy; died in Florence, Italy.
		One of the most important acts of his pontificate was the enactment of a law regulating papal elections.
	www.catholic-forum.com /SAINTS/ncd05771.htm (117 words)

	Pope Alexander II Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		April 21, 1073), pope from 1061 to 1073, was a native of Milan.
		His election, which Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the decree of 1059 (see Pope Nicholas II), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of Germany.
		This court, faithful to the practice observed by it in the preceding elections, nominated another candidate, Cadalus, bishop of Parma, who was proclaimed at the council of Basel under the name of Honorius II, marched to Rome, and for a long time jeopardized his rival's position.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Alexander_II_Pope.html (167 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicholas II, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Nicholas II, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		Nicholas II (c.1010–61), pope (1058–61), a Roman named Gerard, b.
		Nicholas II also attempted to restore a common life for cathedral clergy and to eliminate the abuse and alienation of ecclesiastical property.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nichls2.html (196 words)

	Pope Adrian II
		Adrian II, Roman Catholic Pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age.
		Photius, shortly after the council in which he had pronounced sentence of deposition against Pope Nicholas, was driven from the patriarchate by a new emperor, Basil the Macedonian, who favored his rival Ignatius.
		Like his predecessor Nicholas, Adrian II was forced to submit, at least in temporal affairs, to the tutelage of the emperor, Louis II, who placed him under the surveillance of Arsenius, bishop of Orta, his confidential adviser, and Arsenius's son Anastasius, the librarian.
	www.nndb.com /people/542/000097251 (282 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)