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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Nicholas III
		Nicholas took possession of the province through his nephew, Latino, whom he had shortly before (12 March, 1278) raised to the cardinalate.
		To his efforts was due the agreement concluded in 1280 between Rudolf of Habsburg and Charles of Anjou, by which the latter accepted Provence and Forcalquier as imperial fiefs and secured the betrothal of his grandson to Clementia, one of Rudolf's daughters.
		They encountered considerable obstacles in the former country and it was not until the pontificate of Nicholas IV that their preaching produced appreciable results.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11056a.htm (1147 words)

	Pope Nicholas I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the death of Benedict III (7 April 858) Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was in the neighbourhood of Rome, came into the city to exert his influence upon the election.
		On 24 April Nicholas was elected pope, consecrated, and enthroned in St. Peter's in the presence of the emperor.
		To a spiritually exhausted and politically uncertain western Europe beset by Muslim and Norse incursions, Pope Nicholas appeared as a conscientious representative of the Roman primacy in the Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I (1312 words)

	Pope Nicholas V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civic disorders at Bologna were prolonged, so Pope Eugenius IV soon named him as one of the legates sent to Frankfurt to negotiate an understanding between the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire, with regard to undercutting or at least containing the reforming decrees of the Council of Basel.
		The next year, 1450, Nicholas held a jubilee at Rome; and the offerings of the numerous pilgrims who thronged to Rome gave him the means of furthering the cause of culture in Italy, which he had so much at heart.
		Nicholas himself was a man of vast erudition, and his friend Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (later Pope Pius II) said of him that "what he does not know is outside the range of human knowledge".
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V (934 words)

	Pope Nicholas III
		He concluded a concordat with Rudolph I of Habsburg in May 1278, by which the Romagna[?] and the exarchate of Ravenna were guaranteed to the pope; and in July he issued an epoch-making constitution for the government of Rome, which forbade foreigners taking civil office.
		Nicholas issued the bull Exiit on the 14th of August 1279 to settle the strife within the Franciscan order between the parties of strict and loose observance.
		Nicholas, though a man of learning and strength of character, brought just reproach on himself for his efforts to found principalities for his nephews and other relations.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Nicholas_III.html (160 words)

	Pope Nicholas III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicola in carcere Tulliano by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV (1254–61), inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV (1261–64), and succeeded Pope John XXI (1276–77), largely through family influence, after a six-months' vacancy in the Holy See.
		Nicholas III issued the bull Exiit on 14 August 1279 to settle the strife within the Franciscan order between the parties of strict and loose observance.
		Nicholas III, though a man of learning noted for his strength of character, is said by our sources to have brought reproach on himself for his efforts to found principalities for his nephews and other relations.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III (346 words)

	Pope Nicholas V
		Nicholas was seized with a panic; he hurried away from the doomed city and fled from castle to castle in the hope of escaping infection.
		Nicholas erected two chapels at the entrance of the bridge where Mass was to be said daily for the repose of the souls of the victims.
		Nicholas sternly reminded him of the promises made at Florence, and insisted that the terms of the union should be observed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/nicholas_v,pope.html (2599 words)

	Station Information - Pope Nicholas V
		Nicholas V (Tomaso Parentucelli or Tomaso da Sarzana), pope from the March 6, 1447 to March 24, 1455, was born at Sarzana, where his father was a physician, in 1398.
		He early studied at Bologna, where the bishop, Nicholas Albergati, was so much struck with his ardour for learning that he gave him the chance to pursue his studies further, by sending him on a tour through Germany, France and England.
		Nicholas himself was a man of vast erudition, and his friend Aeneas Silvius (later Pope Pius II.) said of him that "what he does not know is outside the range of human knowledge".
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_nicholas_v.html (485 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Nicholas IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nicholas IV, named Tineus, of an obscure family in Alessiano, in the diocese of Ascoli, was a Minor Observantine, and became the first general of the Franciscans after Saint Bonaventure, and the first pope of that order.
		Nicholas, ever watchful for the maintenance and propagation of religion, exhorted all the princes upon the earth, with unwearied zeal, to form a numerous crusade to arrest the progress of the victorious Sultan of Babylon, who in 1290 took the city of Tripoli from the Christians.
		Nicholas was a prudent philosopher and a good theologian; he governed the Church wisely, and he appeased some of the dissensions which had arisen at Rome and in the Ecclesiastical States.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Nicholas-IV (1385 words)

	Pope Nicholas I - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		After the death of Benedict III (7 April, 858) Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was in the neighbourhood of Rome, came into the city to exert his influence upon the election.On 24 April Nicholas was elected pope, consecrated, and enthroned in St. Peter's in the presence of the emperor.
		To a spiritually exhausted and politically uncertain western Europe beset by Muslim and Norse incursions, Pope Nicholas appeared as a conscientious representative of the Roman primacy in the Church.He was filled with a high conception of his mission for the vindication of Christian morality, the defence of God's law against powerful, worldly bishops.
		Pope Nicholas I, Early Life, Papacy, Bishops, Marriage laws, Relations with the Eastern Church, Legacy, References, See also, Based on Catholic Encyclopedia, 820 births, 867 deaths, Natives of Rome, Popes and Saints.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Pope_Nicholas_I (1341 words)

	Pope Nicholas IV
		In May 1289 he crowned King Charles II of Naples and Sicily after the latter had expressly recognized papal suzerainty, and in February 1291 concluded a treaty with Alfonso III of Aragon and Philip IV of France looking toward he expulsion of James II of Aragon[?] from Sicily.
		The loss of Ptolemais[?] in 1291 stirred the pope to renewed enthusiasm for a crusade.
		Nicholas died in the palace which he had built beside Sta Maria Maggiore.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Nicholas_IV.html (156 words)

	Pope Nicholas III
		Nicholas took possession of the province through his nephew, Latino, whom he had shortly before (12 March, 1278) raised to the cardinalate.
		To his efforts was due the agreement concluded in 1280 between Rudolf of Habsburg and Charles of Anjou, by which the latter accepted Provence and Forcalquier as imperial fiefs and secured the betrothal of his grandson to Clementia, one of Rudolf's daughters.
		The task of Nicholas III in his dealings with the Eastern Church was the practical realization of the union accepted by the Greeks at the Second Council of Lyons (1274), for political reasons rather than out of dogmatic persuasion.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/nicholas_iii,pope.html (1256 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Nicholas III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nicholas III Grammaticus was an Eastern Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople (1084â€“1111).
		The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St....
		At the request of Abaga, Khan of the Tatars, the pope sent him in 1278 five Franciscan missionaries who were to preach the Gospel first in Persia and then in China.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Nicholas_III (1535 words)

	NICHOLAS IV
		Nicholas III made him cardinal priest and sent him on a peace mission to France, where he was joined by his old friend, Conrad.
		Nicholas was also interested in art, and he made Rome quite a center for artists and architects.
		The Pope was accused of favoring the Colonna family and the Franciscans.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp189.htm (547 words)

	The Catholic Encyclopedia - Pope Nicholas IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pope Nicholas IV Born at Ascoli in the March of Ancona; died in Rome, 4 April, 1292.
		He was the first Franciscan pope, and in loving remembrance of Nicholas III he assumed the name of Nicholas IV.
		Nicholas was pious and learned; he contributed to the artistic beauty of Rome, building particularly a palace beside Santa Maria Maggiore, the church in which he was buried and where Sixtus V erected an imposing monument to his memory.
	jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Catholic_Encyclopedia/11057a.htm (826 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicholas III, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Nicholas III, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		As a cardinal he made a great reputation in diplomacy, and he was a close confidant of popes for 30 years.
		He was the first pope in a century to live regularly in Rome, and he has been called the founder of the Vatican.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nichls3.html (258 words)

	Read about Pope Nicholas IV at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Pope Nicholas IV and learn about Pope Nicholas IV ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pope Gregory X in 1272, succeeded Bonaventure as general of his order in 1274, was made
		Pope Martin IV, and succeeded Pope Honorius IV after a ten-months' vacancy in the papacy.
		The loss of Acre in 1291 stirred the pope to renewed enthusiasm for a crusade.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Pope_Nicholas_IV (322 words)

	Read about Pope Nicholas III at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Pope Nicholas III and learn about Pope Nicholas III ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pope Innocent IV, protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV,
		exarchate of Ravenna were guaranteed to the pope; and in July he issued an epoch-making constitution for the government of Rome, which forbade foreigners taking civil office.
		The Divine Comedy) talks briefly to Pope Nicholas III, who was condemned to spend eternity in the Eighth Circle, Third Bolgia of Hell, reserved for Simoniacs.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Pope_Nicholas_III (259 words)

	Biography – Pope Nicholas IV – The Papal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1289 Nicholas removed the interdict which, sixteen years before, Gregory X had laid upon the kingdom of Portugal, when Alphonso III had usurped the property of the Church and reduced all the ecclesiastics to beggary.
		On the 29th of May the pope crowned, in the Vatican Basilica, Charles II, King of Sicily, on the same conditions that had been imposed on the father of that prince by Clement IV.
		To Nicholas is due the foundation of the University of Montpellier, which the founder, in his diploma of the 26th of October, calls "a city created for study." Subsequently he granted great privileges to the university established at Lisbon by King Denis.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/NicholasIV/biography.html (1102 words)

	Pope Nicholas III
		He concluded a concordat with Rudolph of Habsburg in May 1278, by which the Romagna and the exarchate of Ravenna were guaranteed to the pope; and in July he issued an epoch-making constitution for the government of Rome, which forbade foreigners taking civil office.
		Nicholas issued the bull Exiit on the 14th of August 1279 to settle the strife within the Franciscan order between the parties of strict and loose observance.
		Nicholas, though a man of learning and strength of character, brought just reproach on himself for his efforts to found principalities for his nephews and other relations.
	www.nndb.com /people/518/000103209 (161 words)

	Pope Benedict XVI
		He was a close confidant to Pope John Paul II (1978-2005), who appointed him in charge of the Doctrine of the Faith in 1981, the same organisation once known as the Inquisition.
		He was elected pope at the age of 78, making him the oldest to be elected since Clement XII (1730-1740).
		One witness, Mohamud Derow said, "These gunmen always look for white people to kill, and now the pope gave them the reason to do their worst." The attack was hours after a leading Somalia cleric called for the pope's death.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=304 (1528 words)

	Pope Nicholas III - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pope Nicholas III - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Nicholas, though a man of learning noted for his strength of character, is said by our sources to have brought reproach on himself for his efforts to found principalities for his nephews and other relations.
		Pope Nicholas III, References, 1911 Britannica, Popes, Natives of Rome, 1280 deaths and Characters in the Divine Comedy.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Pope_Nicholas_III (292 words)

	Revived Qabalah/Kabbalah: Abraham Abulafia and Pope Nicholas III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pope Nicholas III died on August 22, 1280, which fell on the twenty-fifth day of Elul, the sixth month counting from Nissan.
		The congruency between the predicted date fro the death of the Roman ruler according to the Zohar and trhe death of Nicholas III is uncanny.
		It is possible that not only the death of Nicholas but also other information about Abulafia's planned meeting with the pope a a certain time could have influenced this section of the Zohar...
	www.psyche.com /psyche/lex/qbl/abulafia_nicholas3.html (259 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pope nicholas iii
		Look for Pope nicholas iii in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Pope nicholas iii in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Pope nicholas iii in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_nicholas_iii (905 words)

	Supra Montem–Pope Nicholas IV –The Papal Library
		Constitution of Pope Nicholas IV The Approbation of the Third Rule of the Brothers and Sisters of the Third Order instituted by Bl.
		Nicholas IV Bishop servant of the servants of God to Our beloved sons the brothers, and to Our beloved daughters, the sisters of the Order of Brothers of Penance, both present and future, health and apostolic benediction.
		Let the brothers above all of this fraternity, commmonly be dressed in cloths humble in price and color, not wholly white nor fl, unless it has been dispensed for a time in some place by means of the visitators on the counsel of the ministers, on account of a legitimate and manifest reason.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/NicholasIV/Constitutions/Supra_Montem.html (2447 words)

	Nicholas III -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Among Nicholas' liturgical compositions are prayers and responses in the service rituals for baptism, marriage, confession, fasting, and communion.
		pope from 858 to 867, master theorist of papal power, considered to have been the most forceful of the early medieval pontiffs, whose pontificate was the most important of the Carolingian period and prepared the way for the 11th-century reform popes.
		Nicholas I was succeeded in 1855 by Alexander II, the greatest czarist reformer in Russian history.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055723 (700 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Nicholas V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Made the Concordat of Vienna with Frederick III on 17 February 1448 by which the Germans remained faithful to the Roman Church, and Frederick was assured the crown of the Empire.
		Crowned Frederick III as Holy Roman Emperor in 1452, the last time the coronation occurred in Rome.
		Pope during the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0208.htm (241 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Index for N
		Nicholas of Flüe, Blessed - Soldier, husband and father, became a hermit and was known as Brother Klaus
		Nicholas Pieck, Saint - Franciscan, studied at Louvain, was ordained a priest.
		Nuncio - An ordinary and permanent representative of the pope, vested with both political and ecclesiastical powers, accredited to the court of a sovereign or assigned to a definite territory with the duty of safeguarding the interests of the Holy See.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/n.htm (3573 words)

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