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	Pope Nicholas V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The next year, 1450, Nicholas V held a jubilee at Rome; and the offerings of the numerous pilgrims who thronged to Rome gave him the means of furthering the cause of culture in Italy, which he had so much at heart.
		Nicholas V instead employed Lorenzo Valla as a notary and kept hundreds (confirm; this seems high) of copyists and scholars, with the special aim of wholesale translations of Greek works, pagan as well as Christian, into Latin, giving as much as ten thousand gulden for a metrical translation of Homer.
		The Pope himself was a man of vast erudition, and his friend Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, later Pope Pius II (1458–64), said of him that "what he does not know is outside the range of human knowledge".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V (949 words)

	Antipope Nicholas V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		October 16, 1333) was an antipope in Italy from May 12, 1328 to July 25, 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII at Avignon.
		On February 19, 1329 Nicholas presided at a bizarre ceremony in the cathedral of Pisa, at which a straw puppet representing John XXII and dressed in pontifical robes was formally condemned, degraded, and handed over to the secular arm.
		Nicholas was excommunicated by Pope John XXII in April 1329, and sought refuge with Count Boniface of Donoratico near Piombino.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V (281 words)

	Pope Nicholas V
		Nicholas was seized with a panic; he hurried away from the doomed city and fled from castle to castle in the hope of escaping infection.
		Nicholas erected two chapels at the entrance of the bridge where Mass was to be said daily for the repose of the souls of the victims.
		Nicholas sternly reminded him of the promises made at Florence, and insisted that the terms of the union should be observed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/nicholas_v,pope.html (2599 words)

	Station Information - Pope Nicholas V
		Nicholas V (Tomaso Parentucelli or Tomaso da Sarzana), pope from the March 6, 1447 to March 24, 1455, was born at Sarzana, where his father was a physician, in 1398.
		The next year, 1450, Nicholas held a jubilee at Rome; and the offerings of the numerous pilgrims who thronged to Rome gave him the means of furthering the cause of culture in Italy, which he had so much at heart.
		Nicholas himself was a man of vast erudition, and his friend Aeneas Silvius (later Pope Pius II.) said of him that "what he does not know is outside the range of human knowledge".
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_nicholas_v.html (485 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Saint Nicholas I
		Pope Nicholas appeared as a conscientious representative of the Roman Primacy in the Church.
		As the warnings of the pope were without result, and the archbishop ignored a thrice-repeated summons to appear before the papal tribunal, he was excommunicated.
		Yet Nicholas did not waver in his determination; the emperor, after being reconciled with the pope, withdrew from Rome and commanded the Archbishops of Trier and Cologne to return to their homes.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11054a.htm (1278 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Pope Joan
		Pope Joan is regarded by historians as a myth, possibly originating as an anti-papal satire which gained a degree of plausibility due to certain genuine elements related in the story.
		The story of Pope Joan is primarily based upon a history of the papacy written by Platina (Bartolommeo de'Sacchi) in the 15th century.
		The 'testicle seat' which popes supposedly sat on to have their masculinity ascertained is said to long predate the era of 'Pope Joan' and to have nothing to do with a requirement that a pope have his testicles checked.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Pope_Joan (1250 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Nicholas V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St....
		A decree of the Council of Constance (9 October 1417), sanctioned by Pope Martin V obliged the papacy to summon general councils periodically.
		Nicholas V, Pietro Rainalducci († October 16, 1333) was an antipope in Italy from May 12, 1328 to July 25, 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII at Avignon.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Nicholas-V (3346 words)

	March 2, 1999 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (mar2his.htm)
		While Nicholas was a humanistic master of the cultures and arts, he was also a tactful politician who was able to reunify the Church and Italy by reconciling with the "rump council" of Basle and the antipope Felix V who abdicated in favor of Nicholas' supremacy as the one true Sovereign Pontiff.
		Nicholas willingly readmitted Felix's cardinals to good standing in the Church and, in celebration of the reunification of all in the Western Church, proclaimed 1450 a Jubilee Year.
		In Nicholas' growing passion to develop more arts, sculptures and paintings Nicholas often was duped by artists who flocked to Rome because of the generous stipends they would receive with little thought to living their faith.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Mar/mar2his.htm (1238 words)

	Introduction (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture)
		Of course Redig de Campos, under whose direction the old library of Nicholas V and Sixtus IV was restored in 1966, attributes the presence of the coat-of-arms of Nicholas in this room to the magnanimity of Sixtus IV.
		Nicholas V had stated in 1451 that the library was "for the common convenience of the learned." Now, just a century later, a body of learned men was declared to be part of its structure.
		The library of Nicholas V, as structured by Sixtus IV, continued in the southeast corner of what is now the Cortile del Belvedere for a hundred years after the death of Sixtus IV in 1484.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/vatican/intro.html (3637 words)

	Nicholas V and Vatican Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Nicholas V (1447-1455) was born Thomas Parentucelli on November 15th, 1397 in Liguria, Italy.
		Nicholas V is generally credited with the creation of the Vatican Library, although Sixtus IV, better known as the pope who built the Sistine Chapel, was primarily responsible for its expansion in the early years (and, some say, its true founder: see the Introduction by Father Boyle to the Library of Congress Vatican Exhibit).
		Although a number of holdings predate the papacy of Nicholas V, his humanistic leanings and his enthusiasm for literature and art were part of his vision for what the Vatican Library should be: A reflection of the court-like atmosphere of the Vatican.
	web.utk.edu /~lgunter/vaticanlibrary.html (325 words)

	administration information
		Pope Nicholas V (née Tommaso Parentucello, 1397) began his pontificate in 1447, a time of disjointed Roman civic identity.
		There were three principals which Nicholas V had wished to cement during pontificate, the preservation of sacraments, restoration of Church buildings, and the govering of the Church without negative influence.
		Nearly 150 years after the end of Nicholas V’s papacy, Pope Sixtus V began his run of the papacy and instigated a pivoting point in urban planning of Rome, in 1585.
	homepage.mac.com /olympiavega/iblog/C1260701455 (2043 words)

	Medicine (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture)
		Nicholas, whose signature appears on the manuscript, was the librarian of Queen Christina of Sweden, whose collection came to the Vatican Library after her death.
		Pope Nicholas V was an enthusiastic and informed patron of the translation of ancient scientific works from Greek into Latin, the language of intellectual life in the Renaissance.
		Pope Nicholas V became dissatisfied with Trebizond's work and commissioned a second translation by a rival Greek scholar, Theodore of Gaza.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/vatican/medicine.html (1392 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Papal State, 1447-1471
		Pope NICHOLAS V. (Tommaso Parentucelli) ruled from 1447 to 1455.
		In 1449, rival pope Felix V. (Duke Amadeus of Savoy, elected by the Council of Basel in opposition to Pope Eugen IV.
		Pope Nicholas V. concluded a CONCORDAT with Roman King Frederick III.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/papalstate14471471.html (649 words)

	NICHOLAS V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bishop of Bologna in 1444, cardinal in 1446, he was elected pope in 1447.
		Unfortunately on the other hand, Nicholas contributed to creating a decidedly worldly atmosphere around the papal court by employing such men as Lorenzo Valla, Pozzio, and Filelfo, brilliant scholars, to be sure, but also downright filthy writers.
		And here, perhaps, is the chief title of honor for Nicholas V. He was the founder of the Vatican Library.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp206.htm (544 words)

	[No title]
		From its founding by Pope Nicholas V in the 1450s, the Vatican Library consciously pursued an acquisitions policy that focused upon the liberal arts and sciences.
		According to recent research, chiefly that of Jose Ruysschaert, lately vice- prefect of the Vatican Library, it was indeed Nicholas V who conceived the idea of a public or "Vatican" library, as distinct, that is, from a purely papal or private one, but it was Sixtus IV who actually put flesh on the idea.
		He had in fact inherited from Nicholas a large library of some 1,100 codices in Nicholas's Latin and Greek libraries, not to speak of the unrecorded contents of the "Bibliotheca secreta" or papal library proper.
	eserver.org /art/history-of-vatican-library.txt (4041 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Nicholas V
		He also brought about the submission of the last of the antipopes, Felix V, and the dissolution of the Synod of Basle (1449).
		Nicholas of Cusa and St. John preached the word in season and out of season, thereby producing wonderful conversions among both clergy and laity.
		The emperor, Constantine XII, sent messages to Rome imploring the pope to summon the Christian peoples to his aid.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11058a.htm (2626 words)

	Pope Pius II
		His services to pope and emperor brought him the titles of prince of the empire and cardinal, positions which he used rather unscrupulously to get as many lucrative benefices into his hands as possible.
		This measure still further alienated the pope from the French, with whom he was at that time negotiating for the abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction.
		He was declared deposed by the pope, but kept his seat, and in 1464 compelled the pope to recognize him again.
	www.nndb.com /people/252/000094967 (1318 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Nicholas V
		Made the Concordat of Vienna with Frederick III on 17 February 1448 by which the Germans remained faithful to the Roman Church, and Frederick was assured the crown of the Empire.
		Obtained the 7 April 1449 resignation of anti-pope Felix V, ending the Council of Basel.
		Pope during the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0208.htm (241 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicholas V, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Nicholas V, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		By a conciliatory policy Nicholas gained the Concordat of Vienna (1448) with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III.
		Pope Nicholas was renowned for learning and piety; he established the papacy as a patron of the humanities and was a founder of the Vatican Library.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nichls5.html (279 words)

	Jacques Cur [Coeur] Web Page
		He saw his brother Nicholas made bishop of Luçon, his sister married to the king's secretary, his daughter married in to a noble family of Bourges, and his son, Jean, become the archbishop of Bourges.
		Cur represented the French king at the court of pope Nicholas V, where he was able to arrange an agreement between Nicholas and Amadeus that contributed to ending the 'papal schism'.
		He reached Rome and was honourably received by pope Nicholas V. Jacques Cur, as he was participating in a Papal-sponsored expedition against the Turks, died at Chios.
	www.xenophongroup.com /montjoie/j_coeur.htm (1343 words)

	March 9, 1999 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (mar9his.htm)
		After the whirlwhind honeymoon of Pope Nicholas V and the birth of the Renaissance, reality returned to Rome with the election of Pope Callistus III who disdained the humanists' movement in favor of rallying all of Europe to reconquer Constantinople lost to the Turks.
		As Pope Callistus III drew wearier from the struggle and resistance, he dispatched his chief diplomat Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini to intercept an insurrection in Germany.
		That man was his 22 year-old nephew Rodrigo Borgia who would become Pope Alexander VI thirty-five years later, a man who set the papacy back centuries and was one of the main reasons why there was so much rebellion within the Church that would lead to the Reformation.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Mar/mar9his.htm (1395 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pope nicholas v (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_nicholas_v (905 words)

	Search Results for "Lorenzo Valla"
		Valla knew Greek and Latin well and was chosen by Pope Nicholas V to translate Herodotus and Thucydides into Latin.
		...Nicholas V, pope, 1397-1455, pope (1447-55), an Italian named Tommaso Parentucelli, b.
		It arose from objections to doctrines and practices in the medieval church (see Roman Catholic Church) and ultimately led to the...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/65search?query=Lorenzo+Valla (206 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections - XV Century
		In contrast, Hugues Lancelot de Lusignan attached himself firmly to the cause of Felix V, the former Amadeo VIII, duke of Savoy, because the new antipope's son, Ludovico, duke of Savoy (1434-1465) was married to the cardinal's sister, Anne of Cyprus.
		While the pope was enjoying this triumph, which marked a distinct advantage gained over the Council of Basel, he was faced with the new problem of a resurgent antipapacy.
		The pope was not using his power to name cardinals to announce his support of one side or the justice of one cause; rather he was bidding simultaneously for the political friendship of two contending monarchs, regardless of the dispute between them.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/election-nicholasv.htm (3188 words)

	Nicholas V -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Nicholas initiated the Peace of Lodi (1455) in order to end strife in Italy, and he tried to stamp out simony and other corrupt practices in the church.
		Although Nicholas was the first of the Renaissance popes, his failure to promote real religious reform helped bring about the Reformation of the 16th century.
		The British poet and dramatist Nicholas Rowe was the first to attempt a critical edition of the works of William Shakespeare.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9373456?tocId=9373456 (808 words)

	Vatican Apostolic Library -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		From the 4th century until the Avignonese period (1309–77) the customary residence of the popes was at the Lateran.
		Pope Symmachus built two episcopal residences in the Vatican, one on either side of the basilica, to be used for brief stays.
		The official residence of the pope of the Roman Catholic church is Vatican City, or Città del Vaticano in Italian.
	www.wip.britannica.com /eb/article-9074898 (889 words)

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