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	Pope Pius IV - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pius IV, né Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 - December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan.
		After studying at Bologna and acquiring reputation as a jurist, he went in 1527 to Rome, and as the favourite of Pope Paul III was rapidly promoted to the governorship of several towns, the archbishopric of Ragusa, the vice-legateship of Bologna, and in April 1549 to the cardinalate.
		Pius, however, aided by Morone and Charles Borromeo, proved himself equal to the emergency, and by judicious management - and concession - brought the council to a termination satisfactory to the disputants and favourable to the pontifical authority.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Pope_Pius_IV (447 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Pius II
		Pius was unaware nearing his end, and his malady probably prompted the feverish impatience with which on June 18, 1464, he assumed the cross and departed for Ancona to conduct the crusade in person.
		Pius was greatly admired as a poet by his contemporaries, but his reputation in rests principally upon his Eurialus and Lucretia, which continues to be read to this day, partly from its truth to nature, and partly from the singularity of an erotic novel being written by a pope.
		Pius was greatly admired as a poet by his contemporaries, but his reputation in belles lettres rests principally upon his Eurialus and Lucretia, which continues to be read to this day, partly from its truth to nature, and partly from the singularity of an erotic novel being written by a pope.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Pius-II (4698 words)

	Pope Pius IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pius IV, né Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 – December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence.
		On the death of Paul IV he was elected pope on December 25, 1559, and installed on January 6, 1560.
		Pius, however, aided by Moroni and Charles Borromeo, proved himself equal to the emergency, and by judicious management - and concession - brought the council to a termination satisfactory to the disputants and favourable to the pontifical authority.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Pius_IV (493 words)

	Pope Pius V - Wikipedia
		PIUS V (Michele Ghislieri), pope from 1566 to 1572, was born at Bosco in the duchy of Milan, January 17, 1504.
		Paul IV, who while still Cardinal Caraffa had shown him special favour, conferred upon him the bishopric of Sutri and Nepi, the cardinalate with the title of Alessandrino, and the honour - unique in one not of pontifical rank - of the supreme inquisitorship.
		His antagonism to Elizabeth I was shown, not only in the countenance lent by him to Mary Stuart and those who sought in her name to deliver England "ex turpissima muliebris libidinis servitute", but in the publication of a bull, dated April 27, 1570, excommunicating Elizabeth and releasing her subjects from their allegiance.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Pius_V (610 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Pius IV
		After the deliverances of Pope Pius II in his bull Execrabilis (1460) and his reply to the University of Cologne (1463), setting aside the theory of the supremacy of general councils laid down by the Council of Constance, it was the papal policy to avoid councils.
		Pius IV sent the decrees to Mary, Queen of Scots, with a letter dated June 13, 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation.
		Pope Pius IV., after a tedious illness, expired in the arms of St. Charles Borromeus, on the 9th of December, 1565, having filled the chair almost six years.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Pius-IV (2058 words)

	Pope Pius IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pius IV, né Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 - December 9, 1565), pope (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan (The capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages).
		On the death of Paul IV (additional info and facts about Paul IV) he was elected pope on December 28, 1559, and installed on January 6, 1560.
		Pius, however, aided by Moroni (additional info and facts about Moroni) and Charles Borromeo (additional info and facts about Charles Borromeo), proved himself equal to the emergency, and by judicious management - and concession - brought the council to a termination satisfactory to the disputants and favourable to the pontifical authority.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_pius_iv1.htm (409 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Pius IV
		The antipathy of Paul IV was rather to his advantage than otherwise; for in the reaction which followed the death of that morose pontiff all eyes finally settled on the man who in every respect was Paul's opposite.
		Pius V and the memory of the victims vindicated and their estates restored.
		Pius IV now devoted his undivided attention to the completion of the labours of the Council of Trent.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12129a.htm (847 words)

	Pope Pius V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under Pius IV he became bishop of Mondovi in Piedmont, but his opposition to that pontiff procured his dismissal from the palace and the abridgment of his authority as inquisitor.
		Before Ghislieri could return to his episcopate, Pius IV died, and on January 7, 1566, he was elected to the papal chair with duly attendant prodigies, his coronation taking place on his birthday, ten days later.
		Pope Pius V is also a patron saint of the Maltese Islands and helped financially in the construction of the city of Valletta.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pius_V (651 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Paul IV
		The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches.
		As pope his nationalism was a driving force, he used the office to preserve some liberties in the face of four-fold foreign occupation.
		As with other Renaissance Popes, Paul IV was not backward in promoting his relatives â” he made a nephew into a cardinal and chief advisor as well as granting favors and estates to other relatives, often taken from those who supported the Spanish.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Paul-IV (2397 words)

	Pope Pius IV
		Pius IV, pope from 1559 to 1565, was born Giovanni Angelo Medici at Milan on the 31st of March 1499, of an obscure family, not related to the Medici of Florence (a claim to such relationship was advanced after Giovanni Angelo had attained to prominence).
		But under Pope Pius V judgment was reversed, the memory of the Caraffa rehabilitated, and restitution made to the family.
		Pius IV himself was not guiltless of nepotism; but the bestowment of the cardinalate and the archbishopric of Milan upon his nephew, the pure and upright Carlo Borromeo, redounded to the honor of his pontificate and the welfare of the church.
	www.nndb.com /people/176/000092897 (708 words)

	Pope Pius III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 - October 18, 1503), was pope (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) from September 22 to October 18, 1503.
		He was born in Siena (additional info and facts about Siena), the nephew of Pius II (Pope remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464)) by his sister Laodamia.
		Within months he sent him as legate to the March of Ancona, with the experienced bishop (A clergyman having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve apostles of Christ) of Marsico as his counsellor.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_pius_iii2.htm (254 words)

	Pope Pius III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 – October 18, 1503), was pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503.
		He was born in Siena, the nephew of Pius II by his sister Laodamia.
		He was employed in several important legations, as by Paul II at the Imperial diet at Regensburg/Ratisbon, and by Sixtus IV to secure the restoration of ecclesiastical authority in Umbria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Pius_III (368 words)

	Biography – Pope Pius IV – The Papal Library
		Paul IV had ruled Rome rigidly and austerely and death was the occasion of an orgy of rioting and looting.
		The new pope was born in Milan in 1499.
		Henceforth he encouraged the pope in his desire to complete the work of reform, although it was the pope himself who took the initiative and the important decisions.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/PiusIV/Biography.html (983 words)

	Pope Gregory XIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He also served as a legate to Philip II of Spain, being sent by the pope to investigate the Cardinal of Toledo.
		Upon the death of Pius V in May 1572, the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII, in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory the Great.
		Because of the Pope's decree, the reform of the Julian calendar came to be known as the Gregorian calendar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII (1155 words)

	Pope Pius V
		Pius V, given name Michele Ghislieri, Roman Catholic Pope from 1566 to 1572, was born on the 17th of January 1504, in the Milanese.
		In this office he was continued by Pope Pius IV, whom, however, he repelled by his excessive severity, and antagonized by his censoriousness and obstinacy.
		The election of Pius to the papacy was the enthronement of the Inquisition: the utter extinction of heresy was his darling ambition, and the possession of power only intensified his passion.
	www.nndb.com /people/243/000094958 (784 words)

	Pope Paul IV
		The Hapsburgs disliked Paul IV and he allied with France, possibly against the true interests of the Papacy.
		As with other Renaissance Popes, Paul IV was not backward in promoting his relatives - he made a nephew into a cardinal and chief advisor as well as granting favours and estates to other relatives, often taken from those who supported the Spanish.
		However at the conclusion of the foolish and disastrous war with Philip II in August 1587 the Pope publicly disgraced his nephew and banished him from the Court.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_paul_iv (556 words)

	Pope Paul IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV Paul IV, né Gianni Carafa (June 28, 1476 - August 18, 1559) was Pope from May 23, 1555.
		As Pope his nationalism was a driving force, he usedthe office to preserve some liberties in the face of four-fold foreign occupation.
		As with other Renaissance Popes, Paul IV was not backward in promoting hisrelatives - he made a nephew into a cardinal and chief advisor as well as granting favours and estates to other relatives, oftentaken from those who supported the Spanish.
	www.therfcc.org /pope-paul-iv-53710.html (453 words)

	St. Pius V
		Pope Paul IV dying in 1559, he was succeeded by Pius IV, of the family of Medicis, who translated our good cardinal to the bishopric of Mondovi, in Piedmont, a church reduced by the wars to a deplorable and calamitous condition.
		When Pius IV proposed to the sacred college the promotion of Prince Ferdinand of Medicis, only thirteen years old, to the dignity of cardinal, our saint opposed the motion with such vigour that he made himself admired by the whole consistory for his zeal and prudence.
		The Emperor Maximilian II wrote to Pope Pius IV to desire that priests might be allowed to marry, as a means that might facilitate the return of the modern sectaries to the communion of the church.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/PIUSV.htm (3282 words)

	St. Pius V, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pope from 1566-1572 and one of the foremost leaders of the Catholic Reformation.
		In 1555, Carafa was elected Pope Paul IV and was responsible for Ghislieri’s swift rise as a bishop of Nepi and Sutri in 1556, cardinal in 1557, and grand inquisitor in 1558.
		As pope, Pius saw his main objective as the continuation of the massive program of reform for the Church, in particular the full implementation of the decrees of the Council of Trent.
	www.clonard.com /saintpages/Pius_V_Pope.htm (510 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Pius IV
		He was so mild in dealing with suspected heretics that the fanatic Benedetto Accolti questioned the pope's orthodoxy, and conspired to assassinate him; the plot was discovered and crushed in 1565.
		Pius died soon after, however, of natural causes; Saint Philip Neri and Saint Charles Borromeo were with him at the end.
		Pius IV had faults (who is without them?); but they are as nothing compared with his many virtues.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0224.htm (282 words)

	Pope Pius IV: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Pope Pius IV: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Pius IV was sixty-two years old, of medium height, medium build and medium colouring.
		Pius IV's vigorous constitution was gradually undermined by his excesses.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-pius-iv.htm (2445 words)

	Sophie McGrath: In the Age of Dictators: Edith Stein and Pope Pius XI in Conversation
		Pius deplored with passion ‘the disorder and inequality from which arises the accumulation of the wealth of nations in the hands of a small group of individuals who manipulate the market of the world as their own caprice, to the immense harm of the masses...
		Pius cited cases of Catholic industrialists who were actively hostile to and endeavoured to suppress his encyclical which dealt specifically with the problems of the workers in relation to industry and society (E 314).
		Pius, on the other hand, had not mentioned that he had in fact in 1939 commissioned an encyclical condemning anti-semitism but died while it was still in draft form.
	dlibrary.acu.edu.au /research/theology/ejournal/aejt_3/McGrath.htm (6689 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory XIII
		Under Paul IV (1555-1559) he accompanied Cardinal Alfonso Caraffa on a papal mission to Philip II in Flanders, and upon his return was appointed Bishop of Viesti in 1558.
		After the death of Pius V on 1 May, 1572, Ugo Buoncompagni was elected pope on 13 May, 1572, chiefly through the influence of Cardinal Antoine Granvella, and took the name of Gregory XIII.
		Shortly after the conclusion of the Council of Trent, Pius IV had appointed a committee which was to bring out a critical edition of the Decree of Gratian.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07001b.htm (2534 words)

	Written biography of Pius, IV \| Life of Pius, IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pius IV (1499-1565), by backing the Council of Trent in its last and extremely tense period, emerged as one of the great popes of the Catholic Reformation.
		Under Pope Paul III he gained a breadth of experience in administration within the papal states and in diplomacy on missions to Hungary and Transylvania.
		Pius IV died in Rome on Dec. 9, 1565.
	www.newessay.com /biographies/Pius_IV-33165.html (342 words)

	Pope Pius IV - Question.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Pius IV, pope from 1559 to 1565, was born Giovanni Angelo Medici...
		Succeeded by: Pius IV (1559 - 1565) Roman Catholic Pope #224...
		The Emperor Maximilian II wrote to Pope Pius IV to desire that priests might be allowed to marry...
	www.question.com /find/Pope+Pius+IV.html (480 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 12, 1583
		With the election of Pope Pius V the Carranza process was moved to Rome and Castro did intervene in the matter again, although he continued being a member of the tribunal until 1573.
		Pope Paul V had asked the Republic of Venice to waive several laws which concerned the goods of the church and the ecclesiastical immunity and also to hand over two clerics who had been arrested because of criminal offences to be tried by church judges.
		Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace in the pontificate of Pope Pius IV (1559-1565).
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1583.htm (12628 words)

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