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Topic: Pope Sergius III

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	Sergius III - LoveToKnow 1911
		SERGIUS III., elected pope by one of the factions in Rome in 898, simultaneously with John IX., was expelled from the city by his adversaries.
		Sergius is reputed to have been the lover of Theodora's daughter Marozia, by whom he is said to have had a son, who became pope as John XI.
		and his successors, Sergius was very hostile to the memory of Pope Formosus, and refused to recognize any of the ordinations celebrated by him, thus causing grave disorders.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sergius_III (188 words)

	Sergius III
		Be that as it may, his history of Sergius is extremely colorful, alleging that he murdered two men, including one of his papal predecessors, and fathered Pope John XI with his mistress, Marozia, who later became a Roman power broker in her own right.
		The reign of Sergius marked the beginning of Rome's first "pornocracy", so named because Sergius and several popes after him were believed to be puppets under the control of a female Roman senator named Theodora, and her daughter, Marozia.
		Theologically, Sergius did little to distinguish himself, although he was said to be a proponent of the filioque, an incredibly arcane doctrine which nails down the metaphysical mechanics of exactly how the Holy Ghost "proceeds" from the Father and the Son in the Trinity.
	www.rotten.com /library/bio/religion/popes/sergius-iii (822 words)

	Gallery
		The Basilica of the Monte Cassino Abbey and the tomb of Pope Victor III (+1087).
		The Cathedral of Ferrara and the tomb of Pope Urban III (+1187).
		The Cathedral of Verona and the tomb of Pope Lucius III (+1185).
	homepage.mac.com /crowns/vt/avgal.html (1364 words)

	[No title]
		However, he seems to have ceased to act as a bishop after the death of Formosus, and was put forward as a candidate for the papacy in 898.
		Sergius at once declared the ordinations conferred by Formosus null; but that he put his two predecessors to death, and by illicit relations with Marozia had a son, who was afterwards John XI, must be regarded as highly doubtful.
		Sergius completely restored the Lateran Basilica, but he was buried in St. Peter's.
	www.catholic.org /printer_friendly.php?id=10719§ion=Encyclopedia (288 words)

	Antipope - New World Encyclopedia
		The council declared both existing popes to be schismatic (Gregory XII from Rome, Benedict XIII from Avignon) and appointed a new one, Alexander V. But neither of the existing popes had been persuaded to resign, so the church had three popes.
		Afterwards, Pope Martin V was elected and was accepted everywhere, except in the small and rapidly diminishing area that remained faithful to Benedict XIII.
		In 2005, Clemente Domínguez y Gómez was succeeded by Manuel Alonso Corral (as Peter II, the Pope of the Palmarian Catholic Church).
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /entry/Antipope (2295 words)

	Pope Sergius III
		However, he seems to have ceased to act as a bishop after the death of Formosus, and was put forward as a candidate for the papacy in 898.
		Sergius at once declared the ordinations conferred by Formosus null; but that he put his two predecessors to death, and by illicit relations with Marozia had a son, who was afterwards John XI, must be regarded as highly doubtful.
		Liber Pontif., II, 236; Letters of Sergius in P.L., CXXXI; Letters of St. Nicholas I, the Mystic in LABBE, Concil., IX, 1246 sqq.; FEDELE, Ricerche per la storia di Roma e del papato nel secolo X in Archivio Rom.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/sergius_iii,pope.html (353 words)

	The Ecole Glossary
		Sergius was present at Stephen VI/VII's condemnation of Formosus and accepted demotion to deacon.
		Sergius dated his reign from the time of his election, rather than from the time of his regaining the throne.
		A favorite of Theophylact and his wife Theodora, Sergius is supposed to have been the father of John XI, the son of Marozia, Theophylact's 15-year-old daughter.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/sergiusiii.html (220 words)

	Papal Impropriety
		Pope Celastine II (1143-44) had a certain Count Jordan condemned to a horrible death, he was strapped naked to a scalding iron chair while a red-hot crown was nailed to his head.
		Pope Benedict XIII (1394-1417) gave a dispensation to the twenty-nine-year-old Richard II of England to marry Isabella, the seven-year-old daughter of the King of France.
		Pope Benedict XII (1334-42) was such a hardened drinker that the expression "drunk as a pope" became popular in his lifetime.
	www.geocities.com /missus_gumby/papal.htm (2104 words)

	Pope Paul III Summary
		Under Pope Clement VII (1523–34) he became Cardinal Bishop of Portus (Ostia) and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.
		Paul III was in earnest in the matter of improving the ecclesiastical situation, and on June 2, 1536, he issued a papal bull convoking a general council to sit at Mantua in 1537.
		Paul III proved unable to suppress the Protestant Reformation, although it was during his pontificate that the foundation was laid for the Counter-Reformation.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Paul_III (1866 words)

	Pope Paul VI The World Pays Its Tribute (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pope Honorius I was not only condemned by the Council of Constantinople in 681 because he "followed the wicked teaching of the heretics" but the acts of the Council were signed by the papal legate and duly authenticated by Pope Leo II.
		Pope Paul VI constantly sought to promote and deepen mutual understanding among the churches; this was evinced by his great enthusiasm for the establishment of a Joint Working Group between the Roman Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches.
		Pope Paul VI understood his ministry as an instrument in the service of peace in the world and indefatigably recalled the duty of the church and indeed of every member of the church to contribute to overcoming the menace of war.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/1979_April/Pope_PaulVI.htm (3655 words)

	Pope Sergius III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sergius III, scion of Benedictus, of a noble Roman family, reigned in two intervals between 897 and April 14, 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, where the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions.
		Sergius III owed his rise to the power of his patron, the military commander Theophylact, Count of Tusculum who held the position of vestarius in control of the disbursements at the top of papal patronage.
		Elected Pope in 897, Sergius III was forcibly exiled by Lambert, duke of Spoleto, and all the official records were destroyed; consequently most of the surviving documentation about Sergius comes from his opponents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Sergius_III (456 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Sergius III
		Deacon under Pope Stephen V. Sergius opposed Pope Formosus, but his party was defeated, all their records were destroyed, and most of the surviving documentation about Sergius comes from his opponents.
		One of the worst popes in history, his reign begins the era known as the pornocracy or the rule of the harlots, the darkest period in the history of the papacy.
		His mistress Marozia was the mother of Pope John XI, the aunt of Pope John XIII, and the grandmother of Pope Benedict VI.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0119.htm (237 words)

	Reference for Pope Gregory III - Search.com
		Gregory III (died November 29, 741) was pope from 731 to 741.
		Pope Gregor III - Pontyfikats medal of the 8th century - obvers.
		Pope Gregor III - Pontyfikats medal of the 8th century - reverse.
	www.search.com /reference/Pope_Gregory_III (543 words)

	Stephen VII
		This attitude led to such memorable popes as John XII (literally a mother-fucker), Sergius III, Benedict IX and, of course, the legendary Pope Joan, a woman who reportedly gave birth to an illegitimate child on her way to the basilica.
		The upshot of all this was that Guido persecuted the popes and encroached on territory traditionally controlled by the Church, until Formosus secretly recruited Arnulf of Carinthia...
		Pope Sergius III (best known for murdering his own predecessor) was the last pope to officially rule on Formosus.
	www.rotten.com /library/bio/religion/popes/stephen-vii (1265 words)

	[No title]
		POPE ST. PIUS X (1903-1914) "One of the primary obligations assigned by Christ to the office committed to Us of feeding the Lord's flock is that of guarding with the greatest vigilance the Deposit of Faith delivered to the Saints, rejecting the profane novelties of words, and the gainsaying of knowledged falsely so-called....
		Pope Vigilius, who wished to return to Rome from exile, in a decree, or Iudicatum, recanted his former orthodox Catholic position, condemned the orthodox decree of the Council of Chalcedon (451), and excommunicated the bishop-authors of that decree (the so-called Three Chapters of Theodoret).
		POPE ST. BONIFACE IV (608-615) Pope Boniface manifested strong tendencies toward the Nestorian heresy, which denied the correct doctrine of the two natures of Christ and denied that the Blessed Virgin Mary was the Mother of God.
	www.traditio.com /tradlib/popelim.txt (6131 words)

	SERGIUS III
		It is said that Formosus had consecrated Sergius bishop of Caere to prevent him from becoming pope.
		Sergius is even accused of having a son by Marozia, the daughter of Theophylactus, a son who became Pope John XI.
		Sergius seems to have been a hard-working pope, and except for his unfortunate policy against the party of Formosus, a fairly wise one.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp120.htm (449 words)

	The Straight Dope: Was there once a female pope?
		"Pope Joan," who supposedly served from 855 to 858, was said to be an Englishwoman who disguised herself as a monk to be with her cleric boyfriend.
		Pope John Paul II traveling around the globe reminding the faithful of the teachings of the Church is the most dramatic and common exercise of the Ordinary Magisterium today.
		It is prerequisite that the pope intend to demand irrevocable assent from the entire church in some aspect of faith or morals." The ordinary teachings of the Church, by contrast, are not infallible.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a2_139.html (1499 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Sergius III
		Pope Formosus; as this party was not ultimately successful, the writings of its
		Thus it is by an enemy that we are told that Sergius was made Bishop of Caere by
		Liber Pontif., II, 236; Letters of Sergius in P.L., CXXXI; Letters of St. Nicholas I, the Mystic in LABBE, Concil., IX, 1246 sqq.; FEDELE, Ricerche per la storia di Roma e del papato nel secolo X in Archivio Rom.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13729a.htm (313 words)

	History of the Mass (5histort.htm)
		Fortunately a murderer for a pope was not accepted by the clergy or populace and on January 29, 904 Pope Sergius III was elevated to the papacy after he had led an angry mob to the Vatican and overthrew Christopher, imprisoning him.
		Sergius was a vain man who took great pains to prepare his tomb in St. Peter's for his effigy, even having coins minted with his likeness on them wearing a tiara, the first pontiff to wear the papal cone-shaped miter.
		He was an ambitious pope who seldom slept according to some and according to others dabbled in too many political affairs, siting his confirming the election of a five year old son of a count to an archbishopric.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/5histort.htm (1568 words)

	Catholic Apologetics International - Robert Sungenis
		For example, Pope Sergius III “took the Papacy by force,” while Pope John XII is reportedly to have been “struck with paralysis while visiting his mistress” and died shortly after; and Pope Sixtus IV was involved in the plot to murder Lorenzo de Medici (The Popes, Eric John, pages 162, 166 and 301).
		Pope Innocent III († 1216): “The pope should not flatter himself about his power, nor should he rashly glory in his honour and high estate, because the less he is judged by man, the more he is judged by God.
		Pope Adrian VI († 1523), a pope of exceptional integrity, stated: “If by the Roman Church you mean its head or pontiff, it is beyond question that he can err even in matters touching the faith.
	www.catholicintl.com /epologetics/dialogs/church/larson-part2-2.htm (2536 words)

	NEXUS: Criminal History of the Papacy - Part 1/3
		Christian records show that popes were clearly a long way removed from the modern-day presentation of their character, and in trying to portray them with a pious past the Church developed a doctrinal faade that brazenly and deceptively presents them as devout.
		Pope Stephen was strangled in prison in the summer of 897, and the six following popes (to 904) owed their elevation to the struggles of the rival political parties.
		Earlier still, Pope Gregory VII (1020—85; pope 1073—85) officially declared that "[t]he killing of heretics is not murder" and decreed it legal for the Church and its militants to kill non-believers in Christian dogma.
	www.nexusmagazine.com /articles/Papacy1.html (7042 words)

	CNN.com - Pope psychology: Pay not heed to predictions - Apr 25, 2005
		Pope Benedict XVI at the inaugural Mass outside St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City.
		As Pope John XXIII, this septuagenarian threatened the iron authority of the Roman curia by throwing open the doors and windows of the Catholic Church, that the church and the world might get to know each other.
		With the near-universal tributes of affection to Pope John Paul II from the exalted and the ordinary, these have been wonderfully heady days for the church.
	www.cnn.com /2005/POLITICS/04/25/pope.psychology (659 words)

	Damascus.com
		Pope Sergius III (904-911) obtained the papal office by murder.
		The reign of Pope Sergius III began the period known as the "rule of the harlots" (904-963).
		Pope John X (914-928) originally had been sent to Ravanna as an archbishop, but Theodora had him returned to rome and appointed to the papal office.
	members.tripod.com /~zine_damascus/popes/sergius.html (359 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pope followed pope in rapid succession, and most of them ended their career in deposition, prison, and murder.
		Some popes of this period were almost as bad as the worst emperors of heathen Rome, and far less excusable.
		After the short reign of two other popes, John X., archbishop of Ravenna, was elected, contrary to all canons, in obedience to the will of Theodora, for the more convenient gratification of her passion (914–928).
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.iv.xvi.html (2450 words)

	THE STRANGE CASE OF POPE FORMOSUS (This Rock: January 1998)
		Pope Sergius III (904—911) fueled the already confusing spectacle by nullifying John IX’s synod, thereby re-instating the former judgments against Formosus and his ordinations.
		What is clear from the historical context of this strange and confusing episode is Stephen VI and Sergius III used their authority in ecclesiastical matters to wreak revenge on past and potential enemies.
		The case testifies to the fact popes are prone to the same moral failings, jealousies, and abuse of power as are all men.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1998/9801fea4.asp (1427 words)

	Marozia - FREE Marozia Biography \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		Daughter of the Roman consul Theophylact and his wife Theodora, Marozia was strongly influenced by her mother who controlled Roman politics and the papacy in what has been called the "pornocracy." The mistress of Pope Sergius III (904-11), Marozia married, in succession, Albert I of Spoleto (d.
		Marozia received the titles "senatrix" and "patricia" from Pope John X (914-28); she nevertheless had him put to death in 928 in order to install her favorite candidates in papal office (including one of her sons as Pope John XI; 931-35).
		That is, for example, how John XI, reportedly the illegitimate son of Pope Sergius III and Marozia, a member of a powerful Roman family, became pope in 931.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Marozia.html (839 words)

	Papal Tiara
		Since the pope is also the Bishop of Rome, the successor of St. Peter, he wears a mitre for liturgical ceremonies; some historians posit that this custom originated in the apostolic times.
		However, since the pope is also the pastor of the universal Church, some kind of headdress was adopted to be worn outside of liturgical functions which would highlight his authority.
		Pope Paul VI, the last pope to use a papal tiara, issued his apostolic constitution "Romano Pontifici Eligendo" (1975) which updated the regulations concerning the election of a new pope.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/religion/re0799.html (924 words)

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