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Topic: Pope Silvester II

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	Biblically Unqualified Popes
		Pope Benedict IX reigned from 1032 to 1044, in 1045, and from 1047 to 1048.
		Pope Alexander VI (the Borgia Pope) reigned from 1492 to 1503.
		Pope Julius II reigned from 1503 to 1513.
	www.catholicconcerns.com /Popes.html (2664 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Pope Silvester II
		When Otto II became Holy Roman Emperor in 973 (he was co-emperor with Otto I from 967), he appointed Gerbert the abbot of the monastery of Bobbio and also appointed him as count of the district, but the abbey had been ruined by previous abbots, and Gerbert soon returned to Rheims.
		Silvester II returned to Rome soon after the Emperor's death, although the rebellious nobility remained in power, and died a little later.
		As Pope, he took energetic measures against the widespread practices of simony and concubinage among the clergy, maintaining that only capable men of spotless lives should be allowed to become bishop.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Pope_Silvester_II (1154 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crescentius
		Pope John XIV (983-84), who had been appointed by the Emperor Otto II, was imprisoned in the Castle of Sant' Angelo, where he perished about four months afterwards, and Boniface VII (984-85) ruled again as pope up to the time of his death in July, 985.
		Pope Gregory V, who wished to inaugurate his pontificate with acts of mercy, pleaded for the guilty, and the emperor withdrew his sentence of exile.
		The emperor and Pope Silvester II (999-1003), the first pope of French nationality, were compelled to flee; it is quite likely that John Crescentius was the prime mover of the rebellion.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04484c.htm (1506 words)

	Pope Julius II Summary
		Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513.
		Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere) was a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV (1471–84).
		He was elected as Pope Julius II to the papal dignity by the unanimous vote of the cardinals, almost certainly by means of bribery.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Julius_II (2467 words)

	Pope St. Marcellus I
		The work of the pope was, however, quickly interrupted by the controversies to which the question of the readmittance of the lapsi into the Church gave rise.
		Nevertheless, it is not known whether this is the date of his death or that of the burial of his remains, after these had been brought back from the unknown quarter to which he had been exiled.
		According to this version, the pope was required by Maxentius, who was enraged at his reorganization of the Church, to lay aside his episcopal dignity and make an offering to the gods.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/marcellus_i,pope_saint.html (904 words)

	Stephen I of Hungary
		Born a pagan in the village of Esztergom, Vajk was baptized, as a precondition of accepting the crown from Rome, at age 10 by Saint Adalbert of Prague, and given the baptismal name Stephen (in honor of the original early Christian Saint Stephen), protector of the church at Passau).
		He was married in 995 to Gisela (Giselle, Gizella in Hungarian) of Bavaria, the daughter of Henry II the Wrangler, Duke of Bavaria, and his wife Gisela of Burgundy.
		According to Hungarian tradition, Pope Silvester II sent a magnificent jeweled gold crown to Stephen along with an apostolic cross[?] and a letter of blessing in the beginning of January, 1001 to officially recognize him as a Christian king of Europe.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/va/Vajk.html (872 words)

	Robert II
		Pope Gregory V, whose favor Robert vainly sought to win by allowing Arnulf, the imprisoned archbishop, to return to his see of Reims and forcing Gerbert to flee to the court of the emperor Otto III, excommunicated the king, and a council at Rome imposed a seven years' penance upon him.
		For five years the king braved all anathemas, but about 1002 he gave up Bertha and married Constance, daughter of a certain Count William, an intriguing and ambitious woman, who made life miserable for her husband, while the court was disturbed by quarrels between the partisans of the two queens.
		Robert added to the royal domains, and was greatly aided by the support of Richard II and Richard III, dukes of Normandy, the latter of whom was his son-in-law.
	www.nndb.com /people/170/000093888 (510 words)

	Chapter 10
		Pope Honorius reigned from 625 to 638 A.D. He was condemned as a heretic by the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680-681).
		Pope Benedict VIII reigned from 1012 to 1024.
		Pope Alexander was so hated that when he died, the priests who came to say prayers for him were driven away by the palace guards, and his body was left unattended.
	www.unmaskingcatholicism.com /Chapter-10.shtml (1684 words)

	Pope Vigilius Summary
		Vigilius was chosen by Pope Boniface II as his successor, and presented to the clergy assembled in St.
		(1884), II, 373; Chamard, ibid., I (1885), 557; Grisar in Analecta romana, I, 55 sqq.; Savio in Civilta catt., II (1910), 413-422].
		The pope was taken immediately to a ship that waited in the Tiber, in order to be carried to the eastern capital, while a part of the populace cursed the pope and threw stones at the ship.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Vigilius (2899 words)

	Pope John Paul II - Christianity Knowledge Base - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		John Paul II was succeeded by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger of Germany, the former head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith who had led the Funeral Mass for John Paul II.
		Pope John Paul II could not escape the controversy of the involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustasa regime of an active collaborator with the Ustaše fascist regime.
		The Pope also reaffirmed the Church's teaching on gender in relation to transsexuals, as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which he supervised, made clear that the condition must be seen as a mental illness and that transsexuals could not serve in church positions.
	christianity.wikia.com /wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II (7996 words)

	Pope Silvester II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the first French Pope (see list), reigning from 999 until his death.
		Arnulf was deposed in 991 for alleged treason against the King, and Gerbert was elected his successor.
		The Emperor elected him to succeed Gregory V as Pope in 999.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Silvester_II (1161 words)

	Corbin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Robert II: (970-1031) King of France, born at Orleans, his father associated him with himself, in government of France, and he was crowned on Dec.987 becoming sole King on Hugh Cappet's death in Oct. 996.
		Robert II and Constance had four sons; Hugh (1005-1025) who in 1007 was crowned as his fathers colleague and successor; Henry I (1008-1060) King of France; Robert (1009-1075) Duke of Burgandy; and another son, also a daughter'who married (958) Richard, Duke of Normandy.
		Pope Gregory V., whose favour Robert vainly sought to win by allowing Arnulf, the imprisoned archbishop, to return to his see of Reims and forcing Gerbert to flee to the court of the emperor Otto III., excommunicated the king, and a council at Rome imposed a seven years' penance upon him.
	home.earthlink.net /~jimpool/genealogy/sources/corbin5.html (2239 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Sylvester II
		In 983 Otto II bestowed on him the abbey of Bobbio, but the abbey was very poor and Gerbert returned to Reims.
		Otto gave the pope eight Italian countships, which formerly had belonged to the States of the Church, by a deed of gift the genuineness of which, however, is questioned (Wilmans, "Jahrbucher des deutschen Reiches unten den sachsischen Kaisen", II, pt.
		The pope established an ecclesiastical metropolitan for Poland at Gnesen, and one for Hungary at Gran.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14371a.htm (947 words)

	Reims - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Meetings of Pope Stephen II with Pepin the Short, and of Pope Leo III with Charlemagne, took place at Reims; and here Louis the Debonnaire was crowned by Pope Stephen IV.
		Louis VII gave the title of duke and peer to William of Champagne, archbishop from 1176 to 1202, and the archbishops of Reims took precedence of the other ecclesiastical peers of the realm.
		In the 10th century Reims had become a centre of intellectual culture, Archbishop Adalberon, seconded by the monk Gerbert (afterwards Pope Silvester II), having founded schools where the "liberal arts" were taught.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Reims (2427 words)

	History of the Mass (9histort.htm)
		Silvester II sent the royal crown to King Stephen I of Hungary in January 1001 as a sign of unification and solidarity between the Church and Hungary.
		John II's father had been executed in 998 by Otto III for his involvement in the revolt against Pope Gregory V. Now his son wanted revenge, but Otto III was out of harm's way in respect to the Romans reaching him but not the elements.
		Benedict's alliance with Henry II and his all-consuming battle against Byzantine rule further alienated him and the Western Church from the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Patriarch Sergius II retaliated by dropping Benedict VIII from the diptychs of Constantinople as the rift worsened.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/9histort.htm (2288 words)

	Pope Silvester II: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Silvester II, pope (999-May 12, 1003 at Rome).
		Gerbert of Aurillac was born in about 945 in the Auvergne region of France.
		He was made tutor to Otto II, who later made him abbot of the great monastery at Bobbio[?] in northern Italy.
	www.encyclopedian.com /po/Pope-Silvester-II.html (170 words)

	Life - Pope Silvester Ii
		Gerbert there met pope John XIII and the emperor Otto I. The pope persuaded Otto to employ Gerbert on as tutor for his young son, the future emperor Otto II.
		When Otto II became Holy Roman Emperor in 983, he appointed Gerbert the abbot of the monastery of Bobbio and also appointed him as count of the district, but the abbey had been ruined by previous abbots, and Gerbert soon returned to Reims.
		Soon after he was elected pope, Gerbert confirmed the position of his former rival Arnulf as archbishop of Reims.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Aakashshah2910/pope-silvester-ii/life.html (521 words)

	Pope Silvester I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Silvester I (or Sylvester) was pope from January 314 to December 31, 335, succeeding Pope Miltiades.
		According to the 19th century historian Döllinger, the entire legend of Silvester and Constantine, with all its details of Constantine's leprosy and the proposed bath of blood, cannot have been composed later than the close of the 5th century, while it is certainly alluded to by Gregory of Tours and Bede.
		Pope Silvester II (999-1003) chose the name Silvester in imitation of Silvester I; Silvester II was a close associate of emperor Otto III.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Silvester_I (412 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	FRANKS, ROMANS, FEUDALISM, AND DOCTRINE Part 1
		Pope John also proposed to this same Synod of Constantinople the adoption of two of the provisions of the 769 decree on papal elections by a college of cardinal clergy already mentioned.
		Pope John could not directly petition that the 769 papal election law be incorporated into Roman law, since this would be tantamount to an admission that for more than a hundred years popes were being elected illegally.
		Perhaps the real reason that Pope John XII became the monster of Frankish propaganda was that he dared restore the older tradition of dating papal documents by the years of the reign of the Roman emperor in Constantinople.
	romanity.org /htm/rom.03.en.franks_romans_feudalism_and_doctrine.01.htm (8423 words)

	millennium saints
		He was baptized at age 10, and age 20, Stephen married Gisela, sister of Emperor St. Henry II of Bavaria and at age 22 became governor of the Magyars.
		The bishop remained firm, preaching the supremacy of the pope as head of the Church, and was imprisoned for 10 months in the Bell Tower despite his weak and ill health.
		Pope John Paul II canonized Maximilian Kolbe in 1982 in front of Francis Gajowniczek, the man whose life was saved by the saint.
	www.catholicherald.com /articles/00articles/saints2.htm (2457 words)

	Untitled
		The pope held to the old belief: Man—God's image on Earth—was the center of all creation, and therefore it was obvious, as a matter of reason and faith, that everything visible must revolve around us.
		In the year 1000, Pope Silvester II was the head of the Catholic Church and one of the world's leading scientists, too.
		The pope with his long shelves of learned books hauled Galileo before the Inquisition in 1633, and the marriage of church and science was ended.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/2000/era/mystery.htm (3049 words)

	Hungarian Saints -- Stephen
		Silvester was disposed to grant his request, and prepared a royal crown to send him with his blessing, acting no doubt in concert with political representations from the Emperor Otto III who was then in Rome.
		[1] The alleged bull of Pope Silvester granting the title of Apostolic King and Apostolic Legate to St Stephen, with the right to have a primatial cross borne before him, is a forgery, probably of the seventeenth century.
		The upper part of the crown sent by the pope, fitted on to the lower part of a crown given to King Geza I by the Emperor Michael VII, is preserved at Budapest.
	www.katolikus.hu /hun-saints/stephen.html (1376 words)

	Saints of August 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pope agreed, probably with the acquiescence of Emperor Otto III whose ambassadors were in Rome at the time.
		When the pope's legate arrived, Saint Stephen went to meet him and listened, standing with great respect as they were read, to the pope's bulls confirming Stephen's religious foundations and the elections of bishops.
		This is the famous crown captured in World War II by the American army and returned to Hungary by the United States in 1978.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0816.htm (2346 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (101-150)
		After his coronation Charles the Gross failed to maintain his promise of help, and the pope was defeated by the Arabs; he was forced to pay a large tribute.
		He was the first pope to undertake the process of canonization of a saint: UIderic.
		139 - SILVESTER II Born in Auvergne (France), he was elected on the 2nd April 999 and died on the 12th May 1003.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope101_150.htm (2660 words)

	Catholic Culture : Liturgical Year : August 16, 2006 : Stephen of Hungary
		Pope Silvester II offered him the privilege of being crowned king and the ceremony took place on December 25, 1000.
		While courting Gisela, the sister of Emperor St. Henry II, he was promised her hand in marriage provided that he remain firm in the Christian faith and lead the pagan Hungarians to Christianity.
		From the hands of Pope Sylvester II (999-1003) he received the royal crown and was solemnly enthroned at Gran on the feast of Mary's Assumption, 1001.
	www.catholicculture.org /lit/calendar/day.cfm?date=2006-8-16 (883 words)

	[No title]
		Geza's heir, Stephen, was wed to Gisela, the daughter of Henry II of Bavaria and the sister of the Emperor Henry II, in 996.
		Pope Silvester II vested Stephen with royal dignity and a crown in 1000.
		Andrew II joined the rest of Europe on crusade in 1217, as a result of which in 1222 he was presented with a baronial revolt not unlike that experienced by John in England.
	www.florilegium.org /files/CULTURES/Hungary-msg.text (5396 words)

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