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	Pope Stephen III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		April 27, 757) was a pope of the Roman Catholic Church (752 - 757).
		Stephen turned to Pippin the Younger, Mayor of the Palace of the Kingdom of the Franks.
		Pippin took the opportunity to ask Stephen the question: "Who should be king of the Franks: the one with the title or the one with the power?" Stephen agreed that the one with the power should be King of the Franks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Stephen_III (227 words)

	Encyclopedia: Papal States
		Pope Stephen III acted to neutralize the Lombard threat by courting the de facto Frankish ruler, Pippin the Younger.
		Pope Pius VI died in exile in France in 1799.
		The Pope, whose previous residence, the Quirinal Palace, had become the royal palace of the Kings of Italy, withdrew in protest into the Vatican, where he lived as a self-proclaimed "prisoner", refusing to leave or to set foot in St.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Papal-States (5022 words)

	Pope Stephen III
		There is a problem in numbering the Popes Stephen -- see Pope Stephen II for the explanation.
		Stephen turned to Pepin the short, Mayor of the Palace of the Kingdom of the Franks.
		Pepin took the opportunity to ask Stephen the question "who should be king of the Franks, the one with the title or the one with the power." Stephen agreed that the one with the power should be King of the Franks.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/st/Stephen_III.html (193 words)

	Pope Stephen IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stephen IV, (720 – January 24, 772), pope August 1, 768 – January 24, 772, was a native of Sicily.
		He came to Rome during the pontificate of Gregory III and gradually rose to high office in the service of successive popes.
		The politics of Stephen's reign are obscure, but he inclined to alliance between the Papacy and the Lombards rather than to the Franks.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV (163 words)

	Pope Stephen II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stephen II was elected pope in March of 752.
		The Holy See does not consider Stephen II as a pope (and, in 1959, deleted his name from its official list of popes), but many historians do.
		Stephen II was elected on the death of his predecessor Pope Zacharias on or about March 23, 752.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Stephen_II (191 words)

	STEPHEN III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stephen III was a Roman deacon brought up by the popes after the death of his father.
		Since he was formed by men like St. Gregory III and St. Zachary, it is no surprise that Stephen was devoted to ecclesiastical tradition, a lover of the poor, and a firm defender of the people.
		Stephen III was put in control of the exarchate of Ravenna and now in 756 may be considered the first of the papal monarchs.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp93.htm (469 words)

	§7. Sir Leslie Stephen. III. Critical and Miscellaneous Prose. Vol. 14. The Victorian Age, Part Two. The Cambridge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Yet another vein is opened in Essays on Free Thinking and Plain Speaking; for Stephen was one of the numerous men of letters who were troubled by difficulty of reconciling modern thought and the discoveries of modern science with traditional beliefs.
		Stephen seems to have felt, at times, that editorial work was drudgery; but, at least, as contributor to The Cornhill Magazine, he had a free hand; and the three series of Hours in a Library made up of his articles may fairly be taken to show him at his best as a critic.
		Stephen’s most ambitious and weightiest books, however, lie outside the sphere both of literary criticism and of biography.
	www.bartleby.com /224/0307.html (691 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Stephen (II) III
		Stephen at once sent envoys to both the rivals, and, impressing on Ratchis the duty of being true to his monastic vows, succeeded in bringing about peace, and preventing civil war.
		Stephen had scarcely established a system of government in the exarchate when he had to quell the rebellion of Sergius, Archbishop of Ravenna, whom he had made its governor.
		Stephen corresponded with the Emperor Constantine on the subject of the restoration of the sacred images, and himself restored many of the ancient churches of the city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14288c.htm (669 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Stephen III
		The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches.
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		Childeric III (died about 751), king of the Franks, was the last king of the Merovingian dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Stephen-III (844 words)

	Stephen III, the first papal monarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stephen III then becomes Stephen II.) Depending on the sources one reads, the date was either on March 26, 752 or on March 30th, 752.
		Stephen became the first papal monarch when Ravenna was placed under his control by Pepin the Short of France.
		A pope had become a temporal king, had tied the papacy to France, and had given ecclesiastical sanction to a man who would become one of the greatest emperors of Christendom.
	www.gospelcom.net /chi/morestories/popestephen.shtml (612 words)

	The Dirt on il papi
		Pope Vigilius, involved in the death of Silverius, conspired with Justinian (527-565) and Theodora, and was excommunicated by North African bishops in 550.
		"Pope Gregory the Great" Born to a wealthy, patrician background in Rome; irascible, greedy, unscrupulous; he gathered wealth and power to the Church; he was hostile to culture and learning; and burned the only collection of books which remained in Rome from pagan days and had the marble statues which remained broken.
		Disinterred by Stephen VI (VII) and clad in papal vestments and propped up on the throne, Formosus' corpse was tried for perjury and violation of various canons; convicted; having three (swearing) fingers of his right hand removed and thrown into the Tiber.
	pw1.netcom.com /~wbaxter/archive/r_popes.html (5864 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		Leo III was one of the great emperors, a ruler under whose government "the empire not only ceased to decline, but even began to regain much of its early vigour."[4] Yet at the time he was proclaimed emperor, the empire was threatened with immediate ruin.
		Gregory III was a man of great determination, and his "reaction" to the emperor's violence was to call a council that sat at Rome from November 1 to the end of the year--very much as Martin I had acted in 649.
		By the time of Pope Gregory II (715-31), whom we have seen threatened with deposition by the Iconoclast emperor Leo III, the real bulwark of the empire in Italy was no longer the exarch at Ravenna and his little army, but the prestige of the pope as the heir of St. Peter.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun8.html (5636 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Sergius III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Deacon under Pope Stephen V. Sergius opposed Pope Formosus, but his party was defeated, all their records were destroyed, and most of the surviving documentation about Sergius comes from his opponents.
		One of the worst popes in history, his reign begins the era known as the pornocracy or the rule of the harlots, the darkest period in the history of the papacy.
		His mistress Marozia was the mother of Pope John XI, the aunt of Pope John XIII, and the grandmother of Pope Benedict VI.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0119.htm (237 words)

	Pope Stephen III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There is a problem in the of popes named Stephen: see Pope Stephen II for the explanation.
		Pepin took the opportunity to ask the question: "Who should be king of Franks: the one with the title or one with the power?" Stephen agreed that one with the power should be King the Franks.
		Pepin invaded Italy twice to settle the problem and delivered the territory between Rome and Ravenna to the papacy but left the kings in possession of their kingdom.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Stephen_III (260 words)

	Cadaver Synod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Cadaver Synod or Cadaver Trial was held in January of 897 by Pope Stephen VII over the rotting remains of Pope Formosus, to condemn the deceased pontiff, nine months after his death (896), for crimes against the Roman Catholic Church.
		Pope Stephen VII exhumed the body of his predecessor, dressed it in papal vestments, and seated it on a throne to undergo a trial, with Stephen presiding.
		Pope Sergius III, who reigned from 904 to 911, over-turned the synods of Theodore II and John IX, reaffirming Formosus's conviction.
	www.wikiverse.org /cadaver-synod (511 words)

	Pope Stephen III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Lombards to the north of Rome hadcaptured Ravenna, former capital of the Byzantine Empire exarchate, in 751, and began to put pressure on Rome.
		Relations were very strained in the mid- 8th century between the papacy and the Byzantine emperors of the Isaurian dynasty, and the Byzantine Empire itself was beset by Turks ; no help came from Constantinople.
		Pepin tookthe opportunity to ask Stephen the question: "Who should be king of the Franks: the one with the title or the one with thepower?" Stephen agreed that the one with the power should be King of the Franks.
	www.therfcc.org /pope-stephen-iii-82275.html (203 words)

	ST. PAUL I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Even while Stephen was dying, a party began an intrigue to seat the archdeacon Theophylact on the papal throne.
		Pope Paul pleaded with Pippin for help, but the Frankish king was so involved in wars with the dukes of Aquitaine and Bavaria, that he could help the Pope only by diplomacy.
		Paul was a man of noble character, outstanding even among the popes for his charity to the poor.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp94.htm (440 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	Pope Stephen VIII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stephen VIII, (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) pope (December, (Click link for more info and facts about 928) 928- (Click link for more info and facts about 931) 931).
		Stephen's reign was brief and few records remain.
		There is a problem numbering the popes Stephen - see (Click link for more info and facts about Stephen II) Stephen II for the explanation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Pope_Stephen_VIII3.htm (169 words)

	A Woman Rides the Beast - A City on Seven Hills
		Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503) claimed that all undiscovered lands belonged to the Roman Pontiff, for him to dispose of as he pleased in the name of Christ as His vicar.
		Popes had mistresses of fifteen years of age, were guilty of incest and sexual perversions of every sort, had innumerable children, were murdered in the very act of adultery [by jealous husbands who found them in bed with their wives]....
		Pope Clement IV, in 1265, after selling millions of South Italians to Charles of Anjou for a yearly tribute of eight hundred ounces of gold, declared that he would be excommunicated if the first payment was deferred beyond the appointed term, and that for the second neglect the whole nation would incur interdict....
	www.chick.com /information/religions/catholicism/sevenhills.asp (6138 words)

	Pope John XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		John XI, Roman Catholic Pope from 931 to 935, was the son of Marozia and the reputed son of Pope Sergius III.
		Through the influence of his mother he was chosen to succeed Pope Stephen VIII at the early age of twenty-one.
		The pope was kept a virtual prisoner in the Lateran, where he is said to have died in 935, in which year Leo VII was consecrated his successor.
	www.nndb.com /people/500/000095215 (134 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stephen opposed iconoclasm and forbade lay participation in the election of popes.
		Stephen is said to have allowed King Desiderius of the Lombards to murder Christopher and his son, Sergius.
		Stephen also opposed the marriage of Charlemange to King Desiderius' daughter and did nothing when Charlemagne repudiated her.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/stepheniv.html (111 words)

	Saints of August 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 354, Pope Liberius deputed Eusebius and Bishop Lucifer of Cagliari to plead with Emperor Constantius to assemble a council to settle the differences between the Catholics and Arians.
		Stephen noted that baptism in the name of the Three Persons of the Trinity is valid, and was the practice even in the African church until the time of Bishop Agrippinus of Carthage at the end of the 2nd century.
		Pope Saint Stephen saw the implications that would result from Cyprian's belief and declared that no innovation was to be allowed and threatened Cyprian and his followers with excommunication.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0802.htm (2725 words)

	Pope Stephen IX -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pope Stephen IX was (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) pope from about July 14, (Click link for more info and facts about 939) 939 until his death towards the end of October, (Click link for more info and facts about 942) 942.
		During his pontificate he was subject to (Click link for more info and facts about Alberic) Alberic, Prince of the Romans, and did not effectively rule the Papal States.
		His period as pope was during a brief interruption from the period when the church had been ruled by the so-called " (Click link for more info and facts about pornocracy) pornocracy" of Theodora and (Click link for more info and facts about Marozia) Marozia, (An inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire) Roman noblewomen.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Pope_Stephen_IX1.htm (153 words)

	LIST OF HERESIES And HUMAN TRADITIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The celibacy of the priesthood was decreed by Pope Hildebrand, Boniface VII
		The Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary was proclaimed by Pope Pius IX The Bible states that all men, with the sole exception of Christ, are sinners.
		Pope Plus X, in the year 1907, condemned together with "Modernism", all the discoveries of modern science which are not approved by the Church
	www.picknowl.com.au /homepages/rlister/cath/heresy.htm (1717 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An orphan raised in the Lateran, Stephen II/III was a deacon when chosen to succeed Stephen II in 752.
		In 754, Stephen made Pepin, Charlemagne, and Carloman kings of the Romans, and when Pepin's army defeated the Lombards in 756, Pepin presented the pope with Ravenna, Rome, Venetia, and Istria, the properties that became the Papal States.
		Stephen restored and improved churches, and he saw that the Roman rite replaced the Gallican mass.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/stepheniii.html (120 words)

	Pope Stephen III - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pope Stephen III - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pepin deposed Childeric III and the Franks chose Pepin as King.
		Pepin invaded Italy twice to settle the Lombard problem and delivered the territory between Rome and Ravenna to the papacy, but left the Lombard kings in possession of their kingdom.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Stephen_III (236 words)

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