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	STEPHEN (POPES) - LoveToKnow Article on STEPHEN (POPES) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		STEPHEN II., pope from March 752 to April 757, was in deacon's orders when chosen to the vacant see within twelve days after the death of Zacharias.1 The main difficulty of his pontificate was in connection with the aggressive attitude oi Aistulf, king of the Lombards.
		STEPHEN III., pope from the 7th of August 768 to the 3rd of February 772, was a native of Sicily, and, having come to iome during the pontificate of Gregory III., gradually rose to ligh office in the service of successive popes.
		Stephen hastened against the rebels, bearing before him the banner of St Martin of Tours, whom he now chose to be his patron saint, and routed the rebels at Veszprem (998), a victory from which the foundation of the Hungarian monarchy must be dated, for Stephen assumed the royal title immediately afterwards.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/ST/STEPHEN_POPES_.htm (2659 words)

	Pope Stephen IX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Stephen IX, orignally Archdeacon Frederick of Leige was a native of Germany, was pope from about July 14, 939 until his death towards the end of October, 942.
		His period as pope was during a brief interruption from the period when the church had been ruled by the so-called "pornocracy" of Theodora and Marozia, Roman noblewomen.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Stephen_IX (151 words)

	Pope John IX
		Pope John IX Not only is the date of John's birth unknown, but the date of his election as pope, and that of his death are alike uncertain.
		He became pope in the early part of 898, and died in the beginning of the year 900.
		The barbarous custom of plundering the palaces of bishops or popes on their death was ordered to be put down both by the spiritual and temporal authorities.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/john_ix,pope.html (450 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Nicholas II
		Before his death, Pope Stephen IX instructed the cardinals not to proceed with the election of his successor until Cardinal Hildebrand returned from his mission to the imperial court in Germany.
		Notwithstanding Pope Stephen IX’s deathbed dictum, the anti-reformist faction proclaimed the Bishop of Velletri, Italy to be Pope Benedict X on April 5, 1058.
		Pope Nicholas II was a reform prelate and set controls for the election and conduct of popes by assembling a synod of 113 bishops on April 13, 1059 whose first order of business was to declare the election of Pope Benedict X unconstitutional.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeNicholasII.htm (388 words)

	Pope Stephen X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick, who had been raised to the cardinalate by Leo IX, discharged for some time the function of papal legate at Constantinople, and was with Leo in his unlucky expedition against the Normans.
		He died at Florence March 29, 1058, and is considered by the current-day Roman Catholic Church to have been succeeded by Nicholas II, though others consider his successor to be Benedict X (officially regarded as an antipope).
		He was the last Germanic pope until the election of Benedict XVI in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Stephen_X (306 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the XI Century
		Deposed as pope by the synod of Sutri on December 20, 1046.
		Relapsed and was excommunicated by Pope Victor III in the Council of Benevento in August 1087.
		It was in the pagan basilica of Matilda, in the IX region of Rome.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xi.htm (6224 words)

	STEPHEN IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		939 - 942 AD Stephen was a Roman, he entered the ranks of the clergy and became cardinal-priest of Sts.
		It is interesting to note that at a time when their temporal power was reduced to nothing, the popes could still exercise so much influence for peace.
		Stephen IX died toward the end of October, 942.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp128.htm (269 words)

	Stephen IX (X) (c. 1000-1058) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope from August 1057 to March 1058, one of the key pontiffs to begin the Gregorian reform.
		Among the celebrated reforming ecclesiastics employed by Stephen were Cardinal Peter Damian, the powerful Roman cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and Cardinal Hildebrand (later Pope Gregory VII.
		Stephen died in the midst of plans to halt the Norman advance in southern Italy and to negotiate an end to the Great Schism between the Eastern and Western churches.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/britannicapages/PopeStephen-IX(X)/PopeStephen-IX(X).html (268 words)

	Of The Election Of The Pope; And Of Such As Have Usurped The Chair
		After the death of Pope Nicholas I (the 108th in the Register), information is obtained from Platina, according to the account of various other authors, relative to the condition of the Roman church at that time; namely, that she had no pope or head for eight years, seven months and nine days.
		Concerning the apostasy of Pope Anastasius II to the tenets of Achacius, bishop of Constantinople, and, consequently.
		Gregory IX caused the emperor's envoys by whom he was informed, that Jerusalem was retaken, to be strangled, contrary to all justice.
	www.homecomers.org /mirror/martyrs008.htm (4153 words)

	Leo IX (1002-1054) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Leo IX's aim was the eradication of what he saw as the chief evils of the time—that is, concubinage (clerical marriage), simony (buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices), and lay investiture (conferment of an ecclesiastical office by a lay ruler).
		During Leo IX's pontificate the cardinals became more and more prominent as the most intimate counsellors of the pope, and within a few years they were to form the body known as the Sacred College of Cardinals.
		Leo IX ordered a number of simoniacally ordained priests to be “reordained.” This order called forth a great spate of controversial literature, but the problem was not solved until several decades later.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PopeLeo-IX/PopeLeo-IX.html (1312 words)

	History of the Mass (12histot.htm)
		During the reign of three popes, two of whom were beseiged by antipopes, alignments were formed that forever changed the face of Christianity in the west.
		Stephen was far wiser than many thought for he realized the underground power of the aristocratic families and, wishing to continue the work of reform, practically named Hildebrand as his successor.
		True, Stephen died on March 29, 1058 as he instinctively knew he would away from Rome and in his brother's arms at Florence where he was buried in San Reparata.
	www.dailycatholic.org /12histot.htm (2690 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		Stephen III was a Pope of great historical significance, and it should be possible to refer to him, or read about him, without confusion.
		The Pope was not the ruler of that Church, but one of the Ecumenical Patriarchs, along with the Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople.
		Popes from a similiar family, the Medici, are featured in the genealogy of the Medici given with the rulers of Tuscany.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Vikings and Feudal Europe 900-1095 by Sanderson Beck
		Pope Sergius (904-911) was allied to the Roman faction led by Senator Theophylact and his wife "Senatrix" Theodora.
		Pope John XII used bribes and promised the treasury of St. Peter to the Romans, who rose up against Otto and Leo; but they were no match for Otto's trained soldiers and were soon suppressed.
		Pope John XIII died in September 972, and Otto selected Benedict VI as Pope; this appointment also aroused opposition, and he was not consecrated until January 973, the year Otto died.
	www.san.beck.org /AB17-FeudalEurope.html (24112 words)

	January 19, 2000 VOYAGE ON THE BARQUE OF PETER Series: (jan19bar.htm)
		As we indicated last installment, St. Leo IX was of Alsace-Lorraine nationality and assumed the papal throne on March 12, 1049 after a nine-month vacancy.
		Pope Stephen IX because he was elected on the feast of Saint Stephen the first martyr on August 2, 1957.
		Meanwhile back in Rome, while his clergy were loyal to Stephen's wish, some Roman families weren't and once again created havoc by electing their own antipope Benedict X who was thrust on the throne on April 5, 1058 though he never wanted it.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/2000Jan/jan19bar.htm (1988 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Leo IX
		Apostolic Pilgrim; Bruno of Egisheim; Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg; Pilgrim Pope
		Chosen 151st pope with the support of the Roman citizens and Henry III of Germany.
		Leo brought his reforming, disciplinary ways to the Church as a whole, reforming houses and parishes, fighting simony, enforcing clerical celibacy, encouraging liturgical development and the use of chant.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintl13.htm (326 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Stephen (VIII) IX
		Date of birth unknown; he became pope about 14 July, 939, and died about the end of Oct., 942.
		Despite the contrary assertions of late writers, there is no doubt that Stephen was a Roman and cardinal-priest of SS.
		He supported the declining Carlovingian dynasty, and by threat of excommunication forced the nobles to be faithful to the Frankish King Louis IV d'Outre-Mer.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14290b.htm (173 words)

	stercoranist and stercoranite and stercorarian and nicetas and pope stephen IX
		The term doesn't seem to have been used earlier than the 11th century (Pope Stephen IX in 1057 or 1058 first uses the term to describe the approach to the Eucharist of one Nicetas Stethatos, a follower of one St. Symeon the New Theologian (d.
		The Pope is using the term to characterize Nicetas' position.
		Nicetas is, as it were, a "dung-person," an "excrement-man," because he seemingly denigrates the actual body and blood of Christ, which are physically present in the Eucharist, by saying that they are passed out of the body.
	www.willamette.edu /~blong/Words/DungIII.html (1003 words)

	Stephen IX -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Under his cousin Pope Leo IX he became a prime papal adviser and a member of the inner circle that led the movement…
		More results on "Stephen IX" when you join.
		The English critic and man of letters Leslie Stephen was the first editor of the Dictionary of National Biography.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9069600?tocId=9069600 (591 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Stephen (IX) X
		(Junian?) Frederick, destined to become Pope Stephen X, was the son of Gozelon, Duke of Lower Lorraine and of Junca, the daughter of Berengarius II, King of Italy.
		He accompanied Leo IX in his apostolic journeyings throughout Europe, and was sent by him on the famous embassy to Constantinople (1054) which terminated in the final separation of the Eastern and Western Churches.
		Stephen was preparing to reopen negotiations with the Greek Church, and to try to stop the advance of the Normans in southern Italy, when he died, exhorting the cardinals to await the return of Hildebrand before electing his successor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14290c.htm (428 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Pope is elected by the Sacred College of Cardinals.
		Benedict is said to have been alive when Leo IX died, and continued his attempts to seize the papacy, others says that he resigned the pontificate and died in penitence
		Pope Eugenius III made him Bishop and Cardinal and sent him on a mission to Scandinavia where he restored peace and order to the local churches and monasteries and set up two new archbishoprics.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/mmp164.html (2714 words)

	NBC 15 :: Close to Home - Pope's election excites German-founded Elberta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The last indisputably German pope was Victor II, who was pontiff from 1055 to 1057, according to the Vatican.
		Pope Stephen IX, who served from 1057 to 1058, was from Lorraine, which has been part of Germany and France.
		He said Catholics in south Baldwin County were very loyal to the late Pope John Paul II, to whom the new pope was a close ally.
	www.wpmi.com /news/state/story.aspx?content_id=34E42CA5-5D2A-4411-94E3-3B3F7B10712D (594 words)

	St
		No doubt, it is circumstances such as these that prompted Pope Leo IX to use the term, “who of his own free will” in describing a cleric guilty of sodomy.
		Also, Pope Stephen X (1057-1058) made Damian a Cardinal in 1057 and consecrated him Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and appointed him administrator of the Diocese of Gubbio.
		In 1823, Pope Leo XII extended his feast (February 23) to the whole Church and pronounced St. Peter Damian a Doctor of the Church.
	www.unitypublishing.com /Newsletter/StPeteDamian.htm (6463 words)

	(Shemuel - Sybil )
		Stephen (Pope Stephen IX (VIII)) (____ - late Oct 942)
		Stephen (Pope Stephen I) (____ - 2 AUG 257)
		Stephen (Pope Stephen VII (VI)) (____ - AUG 897)
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/ged2html/index/ind0021.html (437 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 330
		Pope Stephen IX (X) was the brother of Duke Godfrey of Lorraine.
		He was sent by Pope Leo IX to Constantinople which terminated in the final separation of the Eastern and Western Churches circa 1054.
		Pope Stephen IX (X) was buried in the church of S. Reparata.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p330.htm (5226 words)

	Search Results for "Simony" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A strong proponent of papal reform, he issued (1059) the Papal Election Decree in an effort...
		...Lateran Council, Second, 1139, 10th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convened at the Lateran Palace, Rome, by Pope Innocent II.
		...Lateran Council, Fifth, 1512-17, 18th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convened by Pope Julius II and continued by his successor Leo X. Julius called...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/65search?query=Simony (288 words)

	Lost Worlds - Women Crusaders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Stephen IX's rule however helped the papacy move out of the control of the factions of the Roman aristocrats, the families known as Tusculum and Crescentti.
		The pope who called the First Crusade at Clermont, France, in late 1085 was Urban II (1088-1099), known as Odo of Chatillan, with parents unnamed, "of a French noble family".
		Pope Stephen X (IX by some numbering systems), Frederick Hainault, died 1058, was younger brother of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke Lorraine and Marquis of Tuscany.
	www.danbyrnes.com.au /lostworlds/features/women.htm (8811 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicholas II, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Nicholas II, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		Nicholas II (c.1010–61), pope (1058–61), a Roman named Gerard, b.
		A strong proponent of papal reform, he issued (1059) the Papal Election Decree in an effort to minimize political interference in papal elections.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nichls2.html (196 words)

	Leave a message! :: Saint Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope John Paul II believes that the text refers to the failed assassination attempt by Mehmet Ali Agca on May 13, 1981, against him.
		April/May 1045 to 20 December 1046 Pope Gregory VI Papa Gregorius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus Johannes Gratianus Deposed at the Council of Sutri
		Pope Clement V was born Bertrand de Got in 1264 CE at Villandraut in Gascony.
	www.thedailydig.sphosting.com /wwwboard/836.html (11275 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Under his cousin Pope Leo IX he became a prime papal adviser and a member of the inner circle that led the movement for ecclesiastical reform.
		In 1054 he was papal legate to Constantinople, subsequently retiring to the important Benedictine abbey of Montecassino; he became abbot there in 1057.
		Pope Victor II, shortly before his death on July 28, 1057, made Frederick cardinal priest.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9069600 (284 words)

	Pope Stephen IX
		Pope Stephen IX This is a beta version of NNDB
		Stephen IX (sometimes called Stephen X), Roman Catholic Pope from the third of August 1057 to his death on 29th March 1058, succeeded Pope Victor II (Gebhard of Eichstadt).
		Frederick, who had been raised to the cardinalate by Pope Leo IX, acted for some time as papal legate at Constantinople, and was with Leo in his unlucky expedition against the Normans.
	www.nndb.com /people/073/000097779 (207 words)

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