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Topic: Pope Urban II

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	pope innocent iii
		Pope Innocent III made use of the weakness of Frederick II (who was four) to reassert papal power in Sicily, and acknowledged Frederick II as king only after the surrender of the privileges of the Four Chapters, which William I of Sicily had previously extorted from Pope Adrian IV.
		Pope Innocent III called for the Fourth Crusade in 1198, directing the call towards the knights and nobles of Europe, rather than the kings (he preferred that neither Richard I of England and Philip II of France, who were still engaged in war, nor his German enemies, participate).
		Pope Innocent III excommunicated the Venetians in return, and although he was not pleased with the means by which it was done, he accepted the end result of the temporary reunification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches after the Great Schism of 1054.
	www.crusades-history.com /Pope-Innocent-III.aspx (1062 words)

	Pope Bl. Urban II
		Urban succeeded in inducing many of those present to promist to help Alexius, but no definite step was taken by Urban till a few months later, when he summoned the most famous of his councils, that at Clermont in Auvergne.
		In October, 1098, the pope held a council at Bari with the intention of reconciling the Greeks and Latins on the question of the ; one hundred and eighty bishops attended, amongst whom was St. Anselm of Canterbury, who had fled to Urban to lay before him his complaints against the Red King.
		Amongst the figures painted in the apse of the oratory built by Calixtus II in the Lateran Palace is that of Urban II with the words sanctus Urbanus secundus beneath it.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/u/urban_ii,pope_bl.html (2081 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pope Urban II
		Saint Victor I was Pope from 189 to 199 (the Vatican cites 186 or 189 to 197 or 201).
		Pope Benedict II was pope from 684 to 685.
		Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Urban-II (8318 words)

	Pope Bl. Urban II - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon
		Urban II (Otho, Otto or Odo of Lagery), 1088-1099, born of a knightly family, at Châtillon-sur-Marne in the province of Champagne, about 1042; died 29 July, 1099.
		Urban succeeded in inducing many of those present to promist to help Alexius, but no definite step was taken by Urban till a few months later, when he summoned the most famous of his councils, that at Clermont in Auvergne.
		In October, 1098, the pope held a council at Bari with the intention of reconciling the Greeks and Latins on the question of the filioque; one hundred and eighty bishops attended, amongst whom was St. Anselm of Canterbury, who had fled to Urban to lay before him his complaints against the Red King.
	www.heiligenlexikon.de /CatholicEncyclopedia/Urban_II.html?print (2103 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Bl. Urban II
		At this council Urban was able to broach the subject of the Crusades.
		Urban's reception in France had been most enthusiastic, and enthusiasm for the Crusade had spread as the pope journeyed on from Italy.
		The close of November saw the pope again in Rome; it was his final return to the city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15210a.htm (2034 words)

	Pope Urban II (c. 1035-1099)
		As pope, Urban II found active support for his policies and reforms among several groups: the nobility, whose mentality and interests he knew; the monks; the canons regular, for whom he became patron and legislator; and also, increasingly, the bishops.
		Urban felt that his most urgent task was to secure his position against the antipope Clement III and to establish his authority as legitimate pope throughout Christendom.
		Urban's pontificate not only led to a further centralization of the Roman Catholic church but also to the expansion of papal administration; it contributed to the development of the Roman Curia, the administrative body of the papacy, and to the gradual formation of the College of Cardinals.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/urban.html (828 words)

	Wikipedia: Pope Urban II
		Urban II, pope (1088 to July 29, 1099), was born Odo (or Eudes) of knightly rank, at Lagery (near Châtillon-sur-Marne) and was educated for the church.
		In accordance with this last policy, the marriage of the countess Matilda of Tuscany with Guelph of Bavaria was promoted, Prince Conrad was helped in his rebellion against his father and crowned King of the Romans at Milan in 1093, and the empress (Adelaide or Praxedes) encouraged in her charges against her husband.
		Urban II died on July 29, 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before the tidings of that great event had reached Italy; his successor was Paschal II.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/p/po/pope_urban_ii.html (408 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		elected is worthy of the imperial dignity belongs to the pope, whose office it is to anoint, consecrate, and crown him; otherwise it might happen that the pope would be obliged to anoint, consecrate, and Crown a king who was excommunicated, a heretic, or a pagan.
		He also united with the enemies of Frederick II and invaded the Kingdom of Sicily with the purpose of wresting it from the youthful king and from the suzerainty of the pope.
		The same legate was instructed by the pope to threaten Philip Augustus with interdict over the whole of France if within a month he would not be reconciled with his lawful wife, Ingeburga of Denmark, whom he had rejected and in whose stead he had taken Agnes, daughter of the Duke of Meran.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4174 words)

	Pope Potpourri
		Finally, Urban II implemented the Truce of God (prohibiting warfare on church holidays) and the Peace of God (churchmen, merchants, and peasants were not to be attacked).
		The Council of Constance deposed of all three popes and selected one man to rule over all the church: Martin V. The Council of Constance raised a new precedent over the papacy and declared that it held its power directly from Christ and must be obeyed in all matters including faith, schism, and reform.
		King Philip II of Spain established a beachhead of Catholicism in the Netherlands and sought to overtake England.
	www.jeremytiss.com /popepotpourri.htm (1942 words)

	Berengar II: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Pope Urban II, the Collectio Britannica, and the Council of Melfi (1089)
		Pope Urban II, The Collectio Britannica, and the Council of Melfi 1089 Pope Urban II, The Collectio Britannica, and the Council of Melfi...proof-reading, Greta Austin--all of whom gave Urban II more attention than one of his late-twentieth-century...
		ALFONSO II, king of Aragon 1152...Aragon (1162 96) and, as Raymond Berengar V, count of Barcelona (1162 96); son and successor of Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and Petronilla...Aragon by his eldest son, Peter II, and in Provence by a younger...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101232374 (981 words)

	Biography of Pope Urban II (Site not responding. Last check: )
		July 29, 1099), pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099, was born of knightly rank, at Lagery (near Châtillon-sur-Marne) and was educated for the church.
		In accordance with this last policy, the marriage of the countess Matilda of Tuscany with Guelph of Bavaria was promoted, Prince Conrad was helped in his rebellion against his father and crowned King of the Romans at Milan in 1093, and the empress (Adelaide or Praxedes) encouraged in her charges against her husband.
		Urban II died on July 29, 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Paschal II.
	biography-2.qardinalinfo.com /u/Urban_II_Pope.html (399 words)

	Pope Urban II
		The beginning of the crusading period is generally attributed by historians to Pope Urban II's (b.1042-d.1099) calling of the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
		Among his first acts as Pope was to call on the Princes and nobility that had been loyal to Gregory VII to remain loyal to him as he would hold fast to the policies and idealogy of his mentor.
		Like his predecessor Gregory VII, Urban II felt that western military aid was necessary to help the Byzantine Empire under assault from the armies of Islam.
	www.crusades-encyclopedia.com /urbanII.html (551 words)

	Pope Urban II (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pope Urban II Pope Urban II The person who would become Pope Urban II was born around 1035 to a noble family in northern France.
		Before and during his papacy, Urban was a member of a reform movement that wanted the clergy to be more removed from "worldly values" and influences, bringing life in general, closer to life in a monastery (Riley-Smith [1] 4).
		Pope Urban II's response was to preach the First Crusade, starting on November 27, 1095, at the Council of Clermont.
	www.umich.edu /~eng415/timeline/Urban.html (335 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Urban II: Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, according to Fulcherof Chartres
		Accordingly undertake this journey for the remission of your sins, with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the kingdom of heaven.
		Furthermore, the Pope condemned with a fearful anathema all those who dared to molest the wives, children, and possessions of these who were going on this journey for God.
		Urban, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to all the faithful, both princes and subjects, waiting in Flanders; greeting, apostolic grace, and blessing.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/urban2-5vers.html (5659 words)

	Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago
		The Diocese of Chicago, encompassing the entire state of Illinois, was formally separated from the Diocese of Vincennes by Pope Gregory XVI on November 28, 1843.
		After World War II Stritch confronted the two-pronged challenge of African American migration into formerly all-white and Catholic neighborhoods and the concomitant movement of white Chicagoans to the perimeters of the city and suburbia.
		He enjoyed a particular moment of triumph when he succeeded in bringing Pope John Paul II to the city in October 1979 for a historic mass in Grant Park and a visit to the city's Five Holy Martyrs Parish.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/1088.html (1961 words)

	The Knights Templar \| Pope Urban II - 1042 - 1099 \| www.templarhistory.com
		Pope Urban II, the man who was ultimately responsible for the launch of the first Crusade was born Odo de Lagery, although some historical accounts list him as Ottho or Otto, in 1042.
		Odo de Lagery was crowned Pope in 1088 at the age of 46.
		Urban sought a reunification of the Eastern and Western Churches.
	www.templarhistory.com /urbanii.html (1857 words)

	The Pope House Museum House Historical Context
		As was typical in urban areas throughout the South in the late nineteenth century, African American neighborhoods began to develop in clusters around the perimeter of Raleigh, including Oberlin, Method, Smokey Hollow, and Hungry Neck.
		Pope installed the latest technology in his fine new home, including combination gas and electric fixtures (typical in the period before electricity was fully accepted), a kitchen with running water, a full bathroom on the second floor, coal burning heating stoves, and even a telephone (only number 467 in a town of about 13,000 people).
		The Pope House Museum Foundation was subsequently incorporated as a non-profit organization, and Zogry was employed as the first executive director on May 1, 2000.
	www.thepopehousemuseum.org /house3.html (1616 words)

	European Europe History - Urban and the Council of Clermont
		Urban II next, as according to Fulcher, declares the doctrine of the church and re-instates the idea of the "Truce"2 McGinty, 52.
		Urban II speaks to his clergy about the problems in the Church and as Fulcher tells the story he seems he seems rightly bestowed with the compliments Fulcher gives him.
		Pope Urban II told his clergy that they were responsible for the souls of the people in addition to their own.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=22912 (1119 words)

	Urban II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When he was elected pope, Urban pursued the cause of reform, undaunted by the opposition of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and his antipope, Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna).
		Urban's method was to travel about, summoning great councils of the whole population, to advertise and gain popularity for the reforms.
		Urban warfare dangerous for U.S. troops Saddam Hussein has vowed that Gulf War II will not be like Gulf War I, in which his forces proved no match for the U.S.-led coalition in open warfare.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Urban2.html (693 words)

	The Gnostic Science of Alchemy Chapter Eleven
		Urban II, born Odo of Chatillon-sur-Marne and a former Prior of Cluny, was a man of broad views, an experienced organizer and a skilled diplomat dedicated to his predecessor's, Gregory VII, program of reforms.
		Urban was also influenced by the Peace of God movement and saw the call to arms against the "accursed race, wholly alienated from God," as he called the Turks in his speech to the crowd at Clermont, as a way to mitigate and channel the violence of the European nobility.
		Urban's plans of military aid for the eastern church was subverted by Peter the Hermit and his followers' insistence on a people's crusade.
	www.sangraal.com /library/gsa11.html (7282 words)

	Did Pope Urban II Frame Islam To Make Money?
		In the year 1095, Pope Urban II set in motion the centuries-long rampage of murder, robbery and lust commonly known as the Crusades.
		One of Urban's predecessors, Pope Gregory the VII, began the Gregorian Reform, seeking to disempower the Empire of the investiture and excommunicating the Emperor.
		So Pope Urban II may have had the feeling that, with Greece gone and Germany going, the Church would end up being a mere remnant of its former self, with the all-important consideration, namely revenues, greatly reduced.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/mar/article360.html (723 words)

	BLESSED URBAN II
		Besides recovering the Holy Sepulcher of Christ, Urban hoped that the expedition would lead to reunion of the Eastern Church with Rome and that given a nobler ideal to fight for, the warriors of the West would rise above petty squabbles.
		Accordingly, in November 1095 Urban assembled at Clermont in France 13 archbishops, 225 bishops, and 90 abbots.
		From the time of his death Urban was honored for his sanctity, but it was only in 1881 that he was officially beatified by Leo XIII.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp157.htm (516 words)

	Benedict A 2006 Version Of Urban II? Was This His "Council of Clermont?" - Sean Hannity Discussion
		The message was received by Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza; later that year, in November, Urban called the Council of Clermont to discuss the matter further.
		Urban discussed Clunian reforms of the Church, and also extended the excommunication of Philip I of France for his adulterous remarriage to Bertrade of Montfort.
		On November 27, Urban spoke for the first time about the problems in the east, as he declared bellum sacrum against the Muslims who had occupied the Holy land.
	www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?p=2815420&page=2 (1655 words)

	Crusades & Pilgrimages
		King William II of Sicily was one of the first monarchs to hear the news, and he immediately sent a fleet to the Holy Land, saving Tripoli and Tyre.
		King Henry II of England and King Philip II of France determined to establish a tax to finance the crusade.
		King William II of Sicily had promised a fleet to accompany the crusaders, but William had died in November of 1189, and the succession was in dispute.
	kenanderson.net /bible/html/crusades.html (1635 words)

	The American Muslim (TAM) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Pope cleverly chose the venue to punch home his ill-disguised hatred against Muslims and their beloved Prophet from a friendly platform in Munich, Bavaria, where the vestiges of Nazism are still nostalgia, and where the German neo-Nazi racism is most strident.
		John Paul II was a bridge-builder between the three revealed Abrahamic religions-Islam, Christianity and Judaism-in the strict sense of the word.
		This is what Pope Urban II preached in the 11th century, and this is precisely what Pope Benedict is sermonizing in the 21st.
	theamericanmuslim.org /tam.php/features/articles/the_popes_byzantine_connection/0011084 (1850 words)

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