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	Pope Victor II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In June 1055, Gebhard, (Pope Victor II) met the Emperor at Florence and held a council, which reinforced Pope Leo IX's (1049–54) condemnation of clerical marriage, simony, and the loss of the church's properties.
		As guardian of Henry III's infant son Henry IV (1056–1105) and adviser of the Empress Agnes, Henry IV's mother and regent, Victor II now wielded enormous power, which he used to maintain peace throughout the empire and to strengthen the papacy against the aggressions of the barons.
		Although there have been eight German Popes, Victor II is one of only three Popes from the territory of present-day Germany, the others being Pope Clement II (1046–47) and the current Benedict XVI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Victor_II (414 words)

	Victor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Victor (from vincere "defeat", victoria "victory") is a first name normally given to male boys.
		Saint Victor Maurus or Victor the Moor, Victor of Milan.
		Victor Hugo, French writer, widely recognized as the most influential Romantic writer of the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Victor (301 words)

	Pope Victor II
		Victor II was a worthy successor of Leo IX.
		The chief sources for th life of Victor II are the narrations of an anonymous writer of Herrieden, ANONYMUS HASERENSIS, a contemporary of Henry IV; they are printed in Mon.
		Hist.: Script., VII, 263 sq.; MANN, the Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages, VI (London, 1910), 183-206; JORIS, Victor II, pape et regent de l'empire in Revue du monde catholique (1862-3), IV 560-72; V, 46-61; HOFLER, Die deutsch.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/v/victor_ii,pope.html (1064 words)

	Benedict XVI - MSN Encarta
		Benedict XVI, born 1927, pope since 2005, the first German pope since Victor II, who died in 1057, and the first noted scholar in theology to be elected pope since Benedict XIV in 1740.
		Pope Benedict was born Joseph Alois Ratzinger to a devoutly Catholic family on April 16, 1927, at Marktl am Inn, in the southeastern German state of Bavaria.
		Vatican II initiated important reforms in Catholic practice, including the celebration of Mass in vernacular languages, the affirmation of the necessity of religious liberty, the devolution of much decision-making from the Vatican to national and regional bishops’ conferences, and the recognition of the importance of the laity in the life of the Catholic Church.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_701722421/Benedict_XVI.html (782 words)

	Pope Urban II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban II, né Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo) (1042 – July 29, 1099), was a Pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099.
		Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino, who became Pope Victor III (1086–87) was chosen Pope initially, but after his short reign Odo was elected Pope Urban II by acclamation (March 1088) at a small meeting of cardinals and other prelates held in Terracina.
		Urban II died on July 29,1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Pope Paschal II (1099–1118).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Urban_II (816 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Victor I
		Pope Victor decided, therefore, to bring about unity in the observance of the Easter festival and to persuade the Quartodecimans to join in the general practice of the Church.
		Victor, who acted throughout the entire matter as the head of Catholic Christendom, now called upon the bishops of the province of Asia to abandon their custom and to accept the universally prevailing practice of always celebrating Easter on Sunday.
		During the pontificate of Victor a rich Christian, Theodotus the Leather-seller, came from Constantinople to Rome and taught false doctrines concerning Christ, Whom he declared to be merely a man endowed by the Holy Ghost, at baptism, with supernatural power.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15408a.htm (1431 words)

	Pope Victor II
		Victor II, the successor of Pope Leo IX, was consecrated in St Peter's, Rome, on the 13th of April 1055.
		In June 1055 Victor met the emperor at Florence, and held a council, which anew condemned clerical marriages, simony and the alienation of the estates of the church.
		As guardian of Henry's infant son, and adviser of the empress Agnes, Victor now wielded enormous power, which he began to use with much tact for the maintenance of peace throughout the empire and for strengthening the papacy against the aggressions of the barons.
	www.nndb.com /people/096/000094811 (291 words)

	VICTOR II
		Victor II continued the strong reform policy of St. Leo.
		Victor also secured restitution to papal control of some territory and indeed also the addition of the Duchy of Spoleto to the Papal States.
		The Pope helped Henry on his death bed, and after this untimely death Victor did much for the Empress Agnes and her boy Emperor Henry IV, who was only six years old.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp151.htm (512 words)

	Search Results for "Pope ..."
		Pope s own methods of publication were so various and intricate, and the number of books, pamphlets and articles dealing with his life and writings is so very...
		Pope s literary activity in this first stretch of his career was singularly varied.
		Pope is a memorable example of a conscious literary artist, the type in our...
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Pope+... (436 words)

	History of the Mass (11histot.htm)
		The resignation of Pope Benedict IX on July 17, 1048 at the urging of Saint Bartholomew was the final straw that broke the hold of the Roman families over the Popes of Rome.
		Victor II had tremendous influence which was a carry-over to his sway over the Holy Roman Emperor, evident in denying Leo troops from Henry's armies.
		Henry, not able to stay in Italy, decided to appoint Victor II duke of Spoleto and count of Fermo in an effort to strengthen his hold in Tuscany and with the Normans in the south.
	www.dailycatholic.org /11histot.htm (1964 words)

	Pope Victor III
		Victor III, born Dauferius Epifani, Pope from the 24th of May 1086 to the 16th of September 1087, was the successor of Gregory VII.
		Cecilia by Nicholas II in 1059, and as papal vicar in south Italy conducted frequent negotiations between the Normans and the pope.
		Among the four men suggested by Pope Gregory VII on his deathbed as most worthy to succeed him was Desiderius, who was favored by the cardinals because of his great learning, his connection with the Normans and his diplomatic ability.
	www.nndb.com /people/104/000094819 (395 words)

	Pope Victor II: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The pope is the catholic bishop and patriarch of rome, and head of the roman catholic church and the eastern catholic churches....
		Clement ii, né suidger of morsleben (died october 9, 1047), pope (december 25, 1046 - october 9, 1047), son of count konrad...
		His holiness pope benedict xvi (latin: benedictus xvi) was born joseph alois ratzinger (in german josef) on april 16, 1927 in bavaria, german...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_victor_ii1.htm (1198 words)

	German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger Named New Pope :: College News and Press Releases :: Office of College Communications ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The pope was born in the town of Marktl am Inn, in the diocese of Passau and state of Bavaria, on April 16, 1927.
		Pope John Paul II appointed him Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith in 1981.
		The period between the death of one pope and the election of the next is known as "sede vacante" ("the chair being vacant").
	www.stmarys-ca.edu /news_events/news/040405_pope.html (5114 words)

	Pope - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Pope, in Latin, papa, from the Greek pappas, meaning “father,” an ecclesiastical title expressing affection and respect and, since the 8th century,...
		Benedict XVI, born 1927, pope since 2005, the first German pope since Victor II, who died in 1057, and the first noted scholar in theology to be...
		John Paul II (1920-2005), pope from 1978 to 2005, the first non-Italian pope since 1523.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Pope.html (103 words)

	Vikings and Feudal Europe 900-1095 by Sanderson Beck
		Pope John XII used bribes and promised the treasury of St. Peter to the Romans, who rose up against Otto and Leo; but they were no match for Otto's trained soldiers and were soon suppressed.
		Pope John XIII died in September 972, and Otto selected Benedict VI as Pope; this appointment also aroused opposition, and he was not consecrated until January 973, the year Otto died.
		Gunnhild died of a pestilence in Italy, and Conrad II died of illness at Utrecht in 1039.
	www.san.beck.org /AB17-FeudalEurope.html (23987 words)

	Pope Victor II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Victor II, né Gebhard, Count of Calw (Calw: calw is a town in the middle of baden-württemberg in the south of germany, capital...
		One of the series of German popes during Hildebrand (Hildebrand: The pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Church and the supremacy of the Church over the state (1020-1085)) 's reform movement, he was consecrated in St.
		As guardian of Henry's infant son Henry IV (Henry IV: The first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413)) and adviser of the empress Agnes (Agnes: agnes de poitou or empress agnes (1020-1077) was regent of the holy roman...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/pope_victor_ii1 (636 words)

	ipedia.com: Pope Gregory VII Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When Pope Stephen IX was elected, without previous consultation with the German court, Hildebrand and Bishop Anselm of Lucca were sent to Germany to secure a belated recognition, and he succeeded in gaining the consent of the empress Agnes de Poitou.
		When Nicholas II died as was succeeded by Pope Alexander II, Hilebrand loomed larger and larger in the eye of his contemporaries as the soul of the Curial policy.
		The reprimands of the pope, couched as they were in such an unprecedented form, infuriated Henry and his court, and their answer was the hastily convened national council in Worms, Germany, which met on January 24 1076.
	www.ipedia.com /pope_gregory_vii.html (2790 words)

	pope benedict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The new pope was chosen by at least a two-thirds majority of 115 cardinals from 52 countries, who cast their ballots in secret in the Sistine Chapel.
		As the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith since 1981, Pope Benedict was on the front lines of numerous theological and pastoral controversies.
		Pope Benedict's election was announced in Latin to a waiting world from the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica.
	www.catholicherald.com /cns/cns05/newpope.htm (662 words)

	Lives of the Saints, May 25, St. Gregory VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was he who chose Pope Victor II, against the Emperor’s wishes, and again he became the right arm of the Pope in the combat against abuses.
		Pope Victor II sent him as legate to France, to stop the practice of simony in the collation of ecclesiastical benefices.
		Pope Gregory VII immediately called upon the clergy throughout the world to lay down their lives rather than betray the laws of God to the will of princes.
	magnificat.ca /cal/engl/05-25.htm (724 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of May 8
		He was elected pope in 608, was responsible for converting the Roman temple of the gods, the Pantheon in Rome, into a Christian church dedicated to Our Lady and all the saints.
		Pope Sixtus I in the early 2nd century.
		Saint Victor was a soldier in the Praetorian Guard who is associated by Saint Ambrose, bishop of Milan from 374 to 397, with the martyrs SS.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0508.htm (2369 words)

	Saints of May 25
		Hildebrand was influential in securing the election of Bishop Gebhard of Eichstaett as Pope Victor II in 1055, was papel legate to Empress-Regent Agnes of Germany's court in 1057 to get her to accept the election of Pope Stephen, and helped secure the election of Bishop Gerhard of Florence as Pope Nicholas II in 1059.
		During the Nicholas's pontificate, Hildebrand was instrumental in the publication of the papal decree mandating that the election of popes was to be vested in the college of cardinals and was responsible for negotiating a treaty of alliance with the Normans in the Treaty of Melfi in 1059.
		After the death of Alexander II in 1073, Hildebrand, by then a cardinal and archdeacon, was elected pope by an overwhelming vote, and took the name Gregory VII upon his consecration on June 30.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0525.htm (5456 words)

	Hard-liner is new Pope Benedict XVI - news from ekklesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		John Paul II travelled widely (making over one hundred international visits) and was content to build up a strong bureaucracy in the Vatican — often to the discontent of bishops and ordinary Catholics around the world, who saw it as a source of intrigue, politicking and obduracy.
		Pope Benedict XVI is certain to continue with the conservative policies of the Curia on contraception, abortion, homosexuality, priestly celibacy and the refusal of women’s ordination as either deacons or priests.
		As the new Pope Benedict XVI, he began his reign today by speaking to the world's one billion Catholics of the importance of humility and the need to be robust in faith.
	www.ekklesia.co.uk /content/news_syndication/article_050419pope.shtml (943 words)

	St. Pachomius Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A favorite of Holy Roman Emperor Henry III, Victor was born Gebhard of Dollnsten-Hirschberg c.
		Victor, whom Henry nominated, was elected pope in 1055, and in the same year, Henry named him Duke of Spoleto and Count of Fermo.
		When Henry died the following year, Victor was given care of Henry's son, whom he crowned emperor with Queen Agnes as regent.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/Xvictor2.html (78 words)

	USATODAY.com - Trusted friend unlikely to stray from John Paul's path (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope John Paul II often referred to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as his "trustworthy friend." On a momentous Tuesday afternoon in Rome, Ratzinger was elected pope and took the name Benedict XVI —; and now the world's 1.1 billion Catholics will look to him to be a trustworthy friend to a church that faces daunting challenges.
		The last Pope Benedict served from 1914 to 1922 and become known for his failed peace plan between the Allies and Central Powers during World War I. Ratzinger also may have named himself for St. Benedict, the patron saint of Europe — a continent where the church has seen declining attendance in recent years.
		The late Pope John Paul II was renowned as a fierce foe of communism in his native Poland who narrowly escaped arrest by Nazi troops.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-04-20-pope-cover_x.htm (2154 words)

	National Catholic Reporter: Electing a new pope April 19, 2005
		Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church Tuesday after one of the briefest conclaves in modern history, suggesting the church will begin the third millennium with a strong embrace of strict doctrine.
		After the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble worker in the vineyard of the lord," Ratzinger told the thousands of faithful after appearing at the curtained balcony of St. Peter's Basilica.
		The pope spent his first night as the 265 pontiff dining with his fellow cardinals at the Casa Santa Marta, the Vatican hotel.
	www.nationalcatholicreporter.org /update/conclave/pt041905d.htm (1315 words)

	1050s - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The supernova remnant left by the event is now known as the Crab Nebula.
		Pope Leo IX and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each other's excommunication, finalising the Great Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.
		Pope Stephen X attains papacy, Pope Victor II dies.
	www.objectsspace.com /encyclopedia/index.php/1050s (245 words)

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