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Topic: Pope Zacharias

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Zachary
		The Byzantine exarch of Ravenna and the archbishop begged Pope Zachary to intervene.
		On this occasion the pope took up the question of the impediments to marriage of relationship in the fourth degree, in regard to which the Germans claimed to have obtained a dispensation from Pope Gregory II.
		The pope translated to the Church of St. George in Velabro the head of the martyr St. George which was found during the repairs of the decayed Lateran Palace.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15743b.htm (1498 words)

	Pope Fiction
		Perhaps she was a "pro-choice Catholic" who hates the pope because his efforts to defend the sanctity of unborn life clash with her agenda to "Keep Abortion Legal." Maybe she's mad that he won't compromise Catholic teaching that the sacrament of holy orders is reserved to men.
		None of the annals or acts of the popes that were written between the ninth and 13th centuries (and none after that, either) mention her.
		The pope is the beast spoken of in Revelation 13.
	www.ewtn.com /library/ANSWERS/POPEAPOL.HTM (5414 words)

	Popess Joan
		The fable about a female pope, who afterwards bore the name of Johanna (Joan), is first noticed in the middle of the thirteenth century.
		She enjoyed the greatest respect on account of her conduct and erudition, and was finally chosen as pope, but, becoming pregnant by one of her trusted attendants, she gave birth to a child during a procession from St. Peter's to the Lateran, somewhere between the Colosseum and St. Clement's.
		It was also observed that the pope did not pass along this street in solemn procession (perhaps on account of its narrowness).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/joan,popess.html (1610 words)

	Pope Joan - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Pope Joan is generally regarded by historians as a myth, possibly originating as an anti-papal satire which gained a degree of plausibility due to certain genuine elements related in the story.
		She was elected after the death of Pope Leo IV (term January, 847 - July 17, 855) at a time when the method of selecting popes was haphazard.
		Pope Joan was dragged feet-first by a horse through the streets of Rome, and stoned to death by the outraged crowd.
	www.egnu.org /thelemapedia/index.php/Pope_Joan (1288 words)

	Biography of Pope Zacharias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Saint Zacharias, or Zachary pope (741-752), from a Greek family of Calabria, appears to have been on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded (November 741).
		Contemporary history (Liber pontificalis) dwells chiefly on Zacharias' great personal influence with Luitprand, and with his successor Rachis; it was largely through his tact in dealing with these princes in a variety of emergencies that the exarchate of Ravenna was rescued from becoming a Lombard duchy.
		Zacharias is stated to have remonstrated with the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Copronymus on the part he had taken in the iconoclastic controversy.
	biography-2.qardinalinfo.com /z/Zacharias_Pope.html (155 words)

	Visit ad Limina
		Although it was the custom of bishops from the most remote times to refer causes to the pope, and even to visit him personally when circumstances required it, yet we can find no trace in the earliest age of any obligation binding them to repair to Rome at stated times.
		In their first report, the bishops are directed to answer every question in a subjoined elenchus, but in subsequent relations they are merely to add anything new, if such there be, and state the result of the counsels and admonitions given by the Sacred Congregation in its reply to the report.
		Finally, the decree declares that this visit and diocesan report to the pope are not to take the place of the canonical visitation of the diocese, which must be made annually, or, in large dioceses, biennially.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/v/visit_ad_limina.html (755 words)

	Papal States. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The popes gradually lost their more distant lands, but in the duchy of Rome papal power became stronger and increasingly independent of the Eastern emperors and of the other states in Italy.
		In 754 (confirmed 756), Pepin the Short gave to Pope Stephen II the exarchate of Ravenna and the Pentapolis (Rimini, Ancona, Fano, Pesaro, and Senigallia).
		(Like Pope Zacharias, Pope Stephen II had recognized Pepin as rightful king of the Franks, and Pepin now needed papal assistance against the Lombards.) Over these vast territories the popes were long unable to exercise effective temporal sovereignty.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/PapalSta.html (883 words)

	Pope Joan (Morgana's Observatory)
		Pope Joan is one of the most fascinating, extraordinary characters in Western history -- and one of the least well known.
		Her statue stood undisputed alongside those of the other Popes in the Cathedral of Siena until 1601, when, by command of Pope Clement VIII, it suddenly "metamorphosed" into a bust of Pope Zacharias.
		Hus was condemned for preaching the heretical doctrine that the Pope is fallible.
	www.dreamscape.com /morgana/popejoan.htm (1051 words)

	THE FRANKS
		Boniface, the Pope's legate, and several other bishops consecrated Pepin as king at Soissons in A.D. Pepin was the first real Carolingian king because he took the title of king (A.D. 751) as well as exercising the authority of Mayor of the Palace.
		When Pope Stephen II appealed to Pepin for aid against the Lombards, Pepin redeemed his promise to Pope Zacharias and came to the aid of Stephen in A.D. 754 and 756.
		The Pope thought in terms of an universal ruler who would govern all of Western Europe, or as much of it as possible, for the Pope was also conscious of the Roman Empire tradition and legend.
	fromdeathtolife.org /chistory/franks.html (7174 words)

	Pope Fiction: Answers to Five Myths and Misconceptions About the Papacy
		The pope is the flesh-and-blood reminder of that Church and its teachings — he personifies Catholicism — and for some this is particularly offensive.
		Pope Victor I (reigned 189-199) worked to settle a dispute among the bishops of the East and West over when to celebrate Easter — known as the Quartodeciman controversy.
		In it, Pope Joan goes into labor while riding in her sede gestiatoria — the portable throne in which popes were carried — as her procession passed the Coliseum on its way from St, Peter’s Basilica to St. John Lateran Cathedral.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/apologetics/ap0058.html (5496 words)

	[No title]
		This most prosperous lord and pious King Pippin had been raised to the throne of the kingdom by the authority and commandment of the lord Pope Zacharias of holy memory, and by unction with the holy chrism at the hands of the blessed priests of Gaul and election by all the Franks.
		Bishop Burchard of Würzburg and the chaplain Fulrad were sent to Pope Zacharias to inquire whether it was good or not that the kings of the Franks should wield no royal power, as was the case at that time.
		Pope Zacharias instructed Pepin that it was better to call him king who had the royal power than the one who did not.
	www.columbia.edu /~ajk44/1061/childeric.doc (822 words)

	Pope Joan: a Novel by Donna Woolfolk Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sure enough, there was an entry on Joan--the woman who lived disguised as a man and rose to become Pope of the Church in the ninth century.
		Joan's statue stood undisputed alongside those of other Popes in the Cathedral of Siena until 1601, when, by command of Pope Clement XIII, it suddenly "metamorphosed" into a bust of Pope Zacharias.
		Pope Joan is the story of one of those dreamers.
	www.popejoan.com /faqs.htm (1001 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073.
		Pope Zacharias (741–752), a Greek, by the weight of his priestly authority, brought Liutprand to terms of temporary submission.
		This donation of Pepin is the foundation of “the Patrimony of St. Peter.” The pope was already in possession of tracts of land in Italy and elsewhere granted to the church.
		Since that time the pope who a few weeks before had proclaimed to the world his own infallibility in all matters of faith and morals, is confined to the Vatican, but with no diminution of his spiritual power as the bishop of bishops over two hundred millions of souls.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.iv.viii.html?bcb=0 (1047 words)

	Culpepper Connections' Family Tree - Person Page 8373
		Zacharias' successor, Stephen II, arrived in the Frankish kingdom during the winter of 753-754, in order to seek help against the Lombards who were attacking Rome.
		Moreover, under the protection of Charles, Pope Adrian sought to erect an autonomous domain over central Italy, the more so as the Byzantines, abandoning for all practical purposes Rome and Ravenna, were asserting their rule only in Sicily and the southernmost edge of Italy.
		While Charles's imperial rank was legally substantiated by the fact of his dominion over the western part of the old Roman Empire, the desire to counteract the petticoat rule of the empress Irene (who had dethroned and blinded her son in 797) also played a role.
	gen.culpepper.com /ss/p8373.htm (3635 words)

	The Fable of 'Pope Joan'
		Upon the death of Pope Leo IV, she was elected pope, all the while keeping her disguise as a man. At some point she became pregnant by one of her lovers.
		Also, she was not among the official portraits of the popes that line the walls of St. Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.
		One interesting point is that Pope Benedict’s image appears along with the image of the Holy Roman Emperor Lothair on coins minted prior to Sept. 29; this point corroborates that Pope Benedict was recognized from the time of his election as the true pope.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/facts/fm0056.html (1627 words)

	[No title]
		The popes, from Gregory II on, saved the city and Italy from Lombard domination by the power of their threats, until they were finally rescued by the aid of Pepin, when Rome and the peninsula came under Frankish domination.
		Provision was made for the material well-being of the city by repairs on the walls and the aqueducts, and by the establishment of agricultural colonies (domus cultœ) for the cultivation of the wide domains surrounding the city.
		Though the pope was master of Rome, the power of the Sword was wielded by the imperial missi, and this arrangement came to be more clearly defined by the Constitution of Lothair (824).
	www.lycos.com /info/lombards.html (851 words)

	Pope Zacharias - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Contemporary history (Liber pontificalis) dwells chiefly on Zacharias' great personal influence with Liutprand, and with his successor Ratchis; it was largely through his tact in dealing with these princes in a variety of emergencies that the exarchate of Ravenna was rescued from becoming a Lombard duchy.
		Zacharias is stated to have remonstrated with the Byzantine emperor Constantine V Copronymus on the part he had taken in the iconoclastic controversy.
		In the effort to Christianize Rome, Zacharias built the original church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva over an ancient temple to Minerva near Pantheon.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Zachary (284 words)

	March/April 1997 - Feature - "Pope Fiction"
		In the year 382, Pope Damasus wrote about his authority as bishop of Rome, anchoring it to the fact that he was the successor of St. Peter.
		Several odd historical details gave weight to the legend, including the fact that among the carved busts of the popes in the cathedral of Sienna was one of an unnamed woman.
		The first is that the Roman population became disgusted with the corrupt influence wielded over Pope Sergius (reigned 904-911) by the powerful and wealthy Theodora Theophylact, and more specifically by her young daughter Morozia, a cunning and exceptionally attractive woman.
	www.envoymagazine.com /backissues/2.2/mar_apr98_coverstory.html (5677 words)

	Northvegr - History of the Langobards
		Besides these we have the letters of the popes to the Frankish kings and such authorities as the Chronicle of the monk Benedict of Soracte, the Legend of St. Julia, the legendary Life of Saints Amelius and Amiens, and the Chronicles of Novalese and Salerno (Abel, p.
		Accordingly he sent an embassy to Rome to enquire of the Pope whether it was proper that in the kingdom of the Franks there should be kings who possessed no kingly power, and the Pope answered, as had been anticipated, that it would be better that he who had the power should be the monarch.
		The league between Pipin and the Pope was thus sealed by the mutual exchange of possession that belonged to neither, since Stephan gave Pipin the crown of the Merovingians, and the king promised the Pope the territories which had belonged to the empire (Abel, xxviii, xxix).
	www.northvegr.org /lore/langobard/044.php (3342 words)

	Reading Group Guide \| POPE JOAN by Donna Woolfolk Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Her story was the best known of the middle ages, dwarfing even the legend of King Arthur.
		Joan's statue stood undisputed alongside those of the other Popes in the Cathedral of Sienna until 1601, when, by command of Pope Clement VIII, it suddenly "metamorphosed" into a bust of Pope Zacharias.
		Despite the book's unexpected success, I still run into people who say, "What do you mean there was a female Pope?" That's what's amazing to me. Here's a story that was universally known for hundreds of years and yet it has been all but extinguished.
	www.readinggroupguides.com /guides/pope_joan-author.asp (1903 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Deaconries
		630 by Pope Honorius I (625-638) in the vicinity of the monumental fountain lacus orphei.
		Pope Zacharias (741-752) appears in the painting with a square halo symbolizing that he was still alive.
		It was suppressed in 1432 by Pope Eugenius IV, who donated the church to the Benedictines of Monte Cassino to avoid the conflicts of jurisdiction between the cardinal deacon and the monks.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/deaconries-2.htm (3126 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Joan
		She enjoyed the greatest respect on account of her conduct and erudition, and was finally chosen as pope, but, becoming pregnant by one of her trusted attendants, she gave birth to a child during a procession from St.
		Hincmar, Archbishop of Reims, informed Nicholas I that a messenger whom he had sent to Leo IV learned on his way of the death of this pope, and therefore handed his petition to Benedict III, who decided it (Hincmar, ep.
		Erroneous explanations — such as were often excogitated in the Middle Ages in connection with ancient monuments — and popular imagination are originally responsible for the fable of "Popess Joan" that uncritical chroniclers, since the middle of the thirteenth century, dignified by consigning it to their pages.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08407a.htm (1613 words)

	[No title]
		A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks.
		In 750 he sent two envoys to Pope Zacharias with a letter asking: "Is it wise to have kings who hold no power of control?" The pope answered: "It is better to have a king able to govern.
		By apostolic authority I bid that you be crowned King of the Franks." Childeric III was deposed and sent to a monastery, and Pepin was anointed as king at Soissons in November 751 by Archbishop Boniface and other prelates.
	www.angelfire.com /fl5/plumcrazy/np9.html (867 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Annals of Lorsch: The pope makes the Carolingians kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 749 the pope consolidated the alliance with the Carolingian family by allowing the transfer of the royal title from the powerless Merovingian title holder to the Pepin, the mayor of the palace and actua; holder of power in France.
		The pope replied by these ambassadors that it would be better that he who actually had the power should be called king.
		In this year Pipin was named king of the Franks with the sanction of the pope, and in the city of Soissons he was anointed with the holy oil by the hands of Bonifacc, archbishop and martyr of blessed memory, and was raised to the throne after the custom of the Franks.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/lorsch1.html (354 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the VIII Century
		At the death of Pope St. Zacharias, Stephen, cardinal priest (or deacon) was elected pope but he died 4 days later without having received the episcopal consecration.
		The successive popes who took the same name are listed in the official series in the Annuario Pontificio with two Roman numerals: the first one disregarding the election of the second Stephen, and the second one, in parenthesss, including him as a pope.
		A decree issued in the session of April 13, 769 of the Lateran Council convoked by Pope Stephen III (IV), mandated that all future popes had to be either deacons or cardinal priests and that laymen could not vote in papal elections.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-viii.htm (1719 words)

	Damascus.com
		Because it was an object of disgust to the popes, no pope would ever pass down that certain street.
		When a girl, she was taken to Athens in male clothes by her lover, and there made such progress in learning that no one was her equal.
		Under Clement VII (1592-1595), and at his request, she was transformed in to Pope Zacharias.
	members.tripod.com /zine_damascus/popes/female.html (202 words)

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