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	Historical background
		The Popham Colony was the first organized attempt to establish an English colony on the shores of what we now know as New England.
		Although Popham was the first claim of possession of what was then called Northern Virginia by the English, the honor of the actual founding of a "New" England belongs to the Pilgrims who established the first permanent settlement in Massachusetts Bay thirteen years later.
		Our archaeological investigations have relocated the remains of Fort St. George, the principal installation of the Popham Colony, and we are now embarked on a program of exploration that will resurrect details of the colony and restore it to its significant place in history.
	www.pophamcolony.org /new_page_1.htm (222 words)

	British colonization of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Colonies were established in North Central and South America and in the Caribbean and a protectorate was established in Hawaii.
		Early colonies included the Jamestown Settlement founded in 1607 as the first successful English colony North America as well as the Popham Colony founded the same year in present-day which was abandoned after one year.
		The Plymouth Colony was founded in 1620 and after 1620s a series of colonies were established the northeast coast of North America including Massachusetts Bay Colony which was founded in 1632.
	www.freeglossary.com /British_colonization_of_the_Americas (1450 words)

	Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands:
		This model recreation, a gravel parking lot, and a large collection of artifacts are all that remain of an English colony established in 1607 in Phippsburg, Maine.
		The Popham Colony was the first organized attempt by the English to establish a colony on the shores of what we now know as New England.
		Popham was not the first European colony in New England.
	www.state.me.us /doc/parks/programs/history/pophamcolony/index.htm (223 words)

	Popham Colony: A Slice of Time
		Popham was an ineffectual leader; Gilbert was hotheaded and an unwise decision maker.
		In February Popham, who was at least 50 or 60 years old and possibly as old as 78, died; Gilbert, "desirous of supremacy and rule" but otherwise unfitted to the task, took over.
		Of the colony's abandonment, Sir Ferdinando Gorges wrote that it was a "wonderful discouragement" that ended all formal attempts by the Plymouth Company to colonize the area until the Pilgrims arrived in 1620.
	www.imaginemaine.com /mainestories/Popham.html (882 words)

	Sagadahoc County, Maine - The USGenWeb Project - Popham Beach; Forgotten Colony
		The Popham Colony's story begins with a charter from James I to the Virginia Company, allowing it to settle the east coast of North America.
		His nephew, George Popham, was the leader and had the title "president." Second to him, named "admiral," was Raleigh Gilbert, a relative of the maritime adventurer Sir Walter Ralegh (who spelled his name differently from many of his kinsmen and descendants).
		The Popham Colony became a footnote in history, although it was never entirely forgotten.
	www.rootsweb.com /~mesagada/popham.htm (1521 words)

	Popham, George - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In consequence of the colonization project of his uncle, Sir John Popham, and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, George Popham, in the Gift of God, with Ralegh Gilbert in the Mary and John, set out in 1607 from Plymouth, England, to plant a colony in North America.
		A fort was erected, called Fort St. George, and Popham became president of the colony.
		Before New England: the Popham Colony: Richard L. Pflederer visits the site of the first short-lived English colony in Maine set up in competition with Jamestown in Virginia, and considers a remarkable map of it drawn by one of the colonists.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-popham-g.html (474 words)

	Athena Review 3,2: Maine's Popham Colony
		And the colony’s new leader, Raleigh Gilbert, learned with the arrival of an early fall resupply ship that his family’s estates in England were his by inheritance, and decided to leave.
		The construction of the pinnace “Virginia” was arguably the colony’s signal accomplishment.
		Documentary evidence has suggested the Popham Colony’s relations with the local Indian population may not have been too friendly, and sporadic battles between colonists and the Eastern Abenaki tribe may have occurred.
	www.athenapub.com /popham.htm (3826 words)

	Ancient Pemaquid
		North of Fort Popham a flourishing farming community was established in the upper regions of the Sheepscot River between Wiscasset and Alna by the mid-1620s.
		The combination of a particularly severe winter, the death of Sir John Popham (the colony sponsor in England,) the death of Sir John Gilbert (father of Captain Raleigh Gilbert) and a poor choice of a colony location at the windblown mouth of the Kennebec resulted in the demise of the colony.
		The death of Sir John Popham in 1608 in England and the death of George Popham at St. George combined with the death of Raleigh Gilberts brother in England, the severity of Maine's winter and the hardships encountered in the new colony, to put an end to the Popham settlement.
	www.davistownmuseum.org /TDMancientPemaquid.html (9395 words)

	The Lost Colony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The president of the second colony of Virginia died an unpleasant death.
		With the French to the north and the Indians to the west and a near-mutinous second-in-command, George Popham was dying surrounded by hostiles.
		Within a year, Popham's men would pack their bags and scrap the whole America scheme -- "their interest in the undertaking was of the slightest kind," wrote the historian Henry Burrage in 1914.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /archive/features/97/10/23/LOST_COLONY.html (676 words)

	The Popham Colony
		The main focus of the Popham project archaeologists during their summer 2000 excavations was to locate a building thought to have been occupied by a man named Raleigh Gilbert (named on the John Hunt map as "the Admiral's House," but often referred to by Popham archaeologists as "the Raleigh Gilbert house.").
		Gilbert was second in command of the colony and probably a distant relative of George Popham.
		This iron caulking tool was discovered by Popham project archaeologists in an area believed to be "The Storehouse," the long building shown on John Hunt's map and identified as such on it.
	www.archaeologychannel.org /popham.html (910 words)

	News & Opinion: Colony Lost And Found (The Boston Phoenix . 10-27-97)
		President Popham was described by the colony's sponsor as "timorously fearful to offend," and his admiral, Raleigh Gilbert, as "desirous of supremacy and rule, a loose life, prompt to sensuality, little zeal in religion, humorous, headstrong and of small judgement and experience, other ways valiant enough." Fort St. George became hopelessly factionalized.
		Brain was curating an exhibit on colonial excavation, and was surprised to hear that Popham existed at all, much less on a spot now distinguished by a parking lot and two houses.
		The town of Popham Beach is small -- Stevens, asked for a population figure, makes a show of counting on her fingers -- but locals have no difficulty remembering, or sympathizing with, the Popham colonists.
	www.weeklywire.com /ww/10-27-97/boston_feature_4.html (2414 words)

	Popham George: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ironically, speaking his mind threatened to cost Popham a place on the tour of Argentina when he was sent off for two...earned the second of those cards for swearing at Irish referee George Clancy, leaving him facing an anxious wait to learn the verdict...
		The official incensed Popham by allowing Glasgow to steal the ball from him at the rear of a scrum despite it appearing to still...
		Popham, and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, George Popham, in the Gift of God, with Ralegh Gilbert...A fort was erected, called Fort St. George, and Popham became president of the colony.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/popham_george.jsp (1638 words)

	AnitaVacation.com - Advice and Tips To Travel Smarter!
		Popham Beach was the location for the beautiful coastal scenes in Kevin Costner's movie "Message In A Bottle." Located in Maine's Mid-Coast region an hour north of Portland, this beach has it all-fine sand, high cliffs, salt marshes, dunes, islands, two picturesque lighthouses, and historic forts.
		Besides historic lighthouses, Popham Beach is the location of Popham Colony; the second colony in America established a few months after Jamestown in 1607.
		One of the casualties was the colonist's leader and colony namesake, Sir George Popham.
	www.anitavacation.com /articles/destinations/pophambeach042403.shtml (663 words)

	The Little Colony That Couldn't
		Led by Jeffrey Brain, shown far left raising the English flag over the site of the Popham Colony, excavations revealed the storehouse, shown here, the home of colony leader Raleigh Gilbert, part of the fortifications, and the cobble-lined stream that was the colonists' water source.
		The colony's brief life and the site's lack of subsequent occupation has allowed Brain to focus on a moment that elsewhere is obscured.
		At the bottom of the largest were traces of the colony's storehouse: fl stains that were once burnt posts and some pine tree knots, the remnants of 400-year-old timbers that have otherwise rotted away.
	www.archaeology.org /0603/abstracts/maine.html (644 words)

	First Legislative Assembly
		In 1609 the King, unwilling to shoulder the financial burden of the colony from the royal treasury, signed a second charter which allowed for the sale of company stocks to the public.
		This was a poll tax requiring that every man and servant in the colony pay the officers of the assembly "one pound of the best Tobacco" for their services during this hot, midsummer season.
		The First Assembly, nevertheless, "inaugurated a new era in colonial government," one that would later blossom into a fully developed constitutional system in which the preservation of peace and order, as John Pory remarked, would lay in the foundations of representative government.
	www.nps.gov /colo/Jthanout/1stASSLY.html (1278 words)

	Pirate Walks in Bristol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Popham saw it as an opportunity to transport abroad convicts.
		Popham died in June 1607, and is buried at Wellington, Somerset.
		The actual founding of a permanent New England colony was in 1620 when the Pilgrims established a settlement in Massachusetts Bay.
	pages.prodigy.net /rodney.broome/piratewalk50popham.htm (271 words)

	Plymouth Colony Summary
		They founded the colony in the grant area of the Plymouth Council for New England (which was still in the process of being created before they left), and received a formal land patent in 1621.
		Therefore, the first governing document of the colony, the Mayflower Compact, was drafted and ratified by the first group of colonists aboard the ship, as it lay off-shore upon arrival.
		The patent of Plymouth Colony was surrendered by Bradford to the freemen in 1640, minus a small reserve of three tracts of land.
	www.bookrags.com /Plymouth_Colony (2143 words)

	The York County Coast Star, Local News: Landing School series highlights Virginia project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The goal is to launch the reproduction Virginia in 2006 in time to participate in a planned celebration of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the Popham Colony in 2007.
		The Virginia was an exploration tool for that colony, Shivel said, when reproducing a vessel, there are usually pieces of the vessel to work with but that was not the case with this project.
		The site of the Popham Colony is now part of Popham Beach State Park and the new Virginia will operate on the Kennebec River and sail along Maine's coast, serving as a floating museum that will offer the public and school children a tangible example of building and operating wooden ships.
	www.seacoastonline.com /2003news/yorkstar/ys11_20f.htm (859 words)

	Fort Popham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Popham is a coastal defense land battery at the mouth of the Kennebec River in Phippsburg, Maine.
		It is located in sight of the short-lived Popham Colony and, like the colony, named for George Popham, the colony's leader.
		Construction of Fort Popham was authorized in 1857, but did not begin until 1862 when the Union became nervous about the Confederacy’s newest naval ship design, the ironclad warship, and its possible effect on Bath Iron Works and Maine’s capital city of Augusta, which is located less than 20 miles up the Kennebec River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Popham (278 words)

	dig: Fantastic Factoids: Jamestown's Lost Twin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Now, archaeologists have discovered the remains of the Popham Colony, a settlement similar to Jamestown.
		Led by George Popham, the son of the Lord Chief Justice of England, the settlers built a fort, storage buildings, and houses for the 45 people who stayed for the first winter.
		After the death of George Popham, the new leader, Raleigh Gilbert, learned that his own brother had died back in England and decided to return home.
	www.digonsite.com /facts/jamestown.html (191 words)

	Phippsburg, Sagadahoc County, Maine
		Popham Beach is known to many as the setting for the beach scenes in the hit movie "Message in a Bottle," starring Kevin Costner, Robin Wright Penn, and Paul Newman.
		Popham Beach is known to history buffs as the location of the first colony in America, established in 1607, 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, making it the site of the earliest English colony in New England.
		The earliest of the three forts, it is currently providing archealogists a multitude of knowledge regarding this first settlement, often referred to as "Jamestown's Lost Twin" or "The Lost Colony." The Popham Colony provides a historical background of Fort St. George and the archeological excavations being conducted.
	www.rootsweb.com /~mesagada/phipps.htm (2179 words)

	Popham, Fort Popham, Popham Beach State Park Fort Baldwin, Kennebec River, Popham Colony, Seguin Island, Sebino Hill, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		New home reservations are now being accepted for Popham Woods, a residential community planned on 183 lovely wooded acres within two miles of spectacular Popham Beach in picturesque and historic Phippsburg, Maine.
		The community is being created for discriminating buyers wanting to experience the timelessness of quaint Popham Village in midcoast Maine.
		Popham Woods will be developed in five phases of 11-16 units each.
	www.pophamwoodsmaine.com (123 words)

	National Park Service - Explorers and Settlers (Maine)
		The first English colony in New England was founded at this site late in the summer of 1607 by the Plymouth Company in its effort to settle "North Virginia." Unlike the London Company's similar venture in "South Virginia," at Jamestown in the same year, this attempt was unsuccessful.
		The colony was located in the general area of Popham Beach on Sabino Head.
		The gaol, now a museum containing colonial and Indian relics, is open to the public during the summer.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/explorers/sitee13.htm (537 words)

	Maine's Lost Colony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		"Popham was the cornerstone in the foundation of English America," says Jeffrey P. Brain, 64, an archaeologist with the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts, who is excavating the site of the forgotten colony.
		Popham was named after its principal financial backer, Sir John Popham, and his nephew George Popham, the colony's president.
		Drawn and signed by Popham colonist John Hunt, it was likely snatched, or copied, by a Spanish spy soon after it arrived in England in 1608.
	www.smithsonianmag.com /issues/2004/february/interest.php?page=1 (839 words)

	Program 9: Rolling Back The Frontier \| MPBN's"HOME: The Story of Maine"
		The Popham Colony was the first organized attempt to establish an English settlement in New England.
		Following the death of George Popham and the planned departure of Raleigh Gilbert, the colonists abandoned their effort and returned to England in the fall of 1608.
		Despite its failure as a permanent settlement, the Popham Colony provided an important English toehold in the New World and helped contribute to the success of the Plymouth Colony in 1620.
	www.mpbn.net /homestom/p9pophamcolony.html (275 words)

	Working Waterfront Column (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1607, Popham's nephew, George Popham, led the actual colonization mission, intending to build a fortified trading station at the mouth of the Kennebec, and took along another captive Indian, Skidwarres, as his guide.
		George Popham had died during the winter, and his deputy, Raleigh Gilbert, was eager to leave for England to claim an inheritance.
		Had it been successful, the Popham Colony would have pre-dated both Jamestown and Plymouth Plantation, and Popham Beach would have taken Plymouth Rock's seat in the pantheon of American mythology.
	www.workingwaterfront.com /column.asp?storyID=20050618 (1030 words)

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