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Topic: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola

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	Angola Diamond Mining and War
		Angola has the potential to be a wealthy developed African nation since it possesses large petroleum and diamond reserves, but due to nearly 4 decades of war, remains to be seriously underdeveloped.
		The combined forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), and the National Union for the Total Independence succeeded in their struggle in removing the Portuguese colonial government in April, 1974 (Dept. Of State 3).
		Angola's diamonds are considered to be among the best in the world and the highest quality in Africa.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/ANGOLA.HTM (0 words)

	History of ANGOLA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Angola is a most unsettled region when the European scramble for Africa begins in the 1880s.
		The first is the MPLA or Movimento Popular de Libertaçcão de Angola (Popular Liberation Movement of Angola), founded in 1956 by members of the banned Portuguese Communist party and supported by the USSR.
		The emigration of Portuguese peasants to Angola, to be settled on African farms, is greatly accelerated.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad33 (1600 words)

	Angola
		Angola was settled by Portuguese in the 15th century and remained a Portuguese colony until it received independence in 1975.
		The first European to reach Angola was the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cao, who landed at the mouth of the Congo River in 1483.
		In January 1975 a transitional Government was established, comprising representatives of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and the Portuguese Government.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Angola.html (414 words)

	Angola (country) - MSN Encarta
		Under a constitution promulgated in 1975 and subsequently amended, Angola was, until the early 1990s, a single-party republic governed by the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola-Partido de Trabalho), generally referred to as the MPLA.
		In 1977 it was reorganized as a Marxist-Leninist Party and renamed the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party; in April 1991 it formally renounced its Marxist orientation.
		Practically all that is known of the early history of Angola is that the Stone Age hunters and gatherers of the region were displaced by metalworking Bantu as early as the 7th century ad.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571092_6/Angola_(country).html (693 words)

	Angola
		Those Portuguese who settled in Angola in the early twentieth century were peasants who had fled the poverty of their homeland and who tended to establish themselves in Angolan towns in search of a means of livelihood other than agriculture.
		Angola - PRECOLONIAL ANGOLA AND THE ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE
		Several movements advocating a separate status for Cabinda were founded in the early 1960s, all of them basing their claims on their own interpretation of Cabindan history.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/angola/all.html (17969 words)

	Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho) is an Angolan political party that has ruled the country since independence in 1975.
		Later other movements merged into MPLA, such as Movement for the National Independence of Angola (MINA) and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Angola (FDLA).
		Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, External link, See also, Labour parties, Military history of Angola, Political parties in Angola, Parties of single-party systems, Socialist International and African and Black nationalism.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Popular_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola (600 words)

	[No title]
		Angola is a prime example for a country suffering from decades of colonial and post colonial wars.
		Angola is a constitutional republic in transition after the end of its 27-year civil war in 2002.
		Angola implemented NID rounds in June, July, and August 2002, synchronized with rounds conducted in the DRC, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Zambia, Namibia, and São Tomé and Principe.
	www.lycos.com /info/angola.html (649 words)

	Angola
		Angola, which is the seventh largest country in Africa, has an area of 481,351 square miles (1,246,700 square kilometers).
		Angola is bordered by Zambia on the southeast and Namibia (formerly South-West Africa) on the south.
		Angola became independent on Nov. 11, 1975, and the country was plunged into civil war when the two groups proclaimed two rival republics.
	www.blacknet.co.uk /homeland/angola.htm (867 words)

	Angola (10/06)
		Angola is located on the South Atlantic Coast of West Africa between Namibia and the Republic of the Congo.
		Angola is governed by a president who is assisted by a prime minister and 30 cabinet ministers, all appointed by the president.
		Angola is the second-largest trading partner of the United States in sub-Saharan Africa, largely because of its petroleum exports.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/6619.htm (5476 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Angola (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ruling power in Angola is concentrated in the hands of the President and his Council of Ministers.
		Angola's factional politics are largely a legacy of the struggle for independence and the subsequent efforts of international and regional powers to control the political arena in this country in the post-colonial era.
		Three revolutionary organizations were involved in Angola's 14 year war for independence form Portugal (1961-75): (1) the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), (2) the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), and (3) the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Ang1.htm (1502 words)

	Angola - The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
		The earliest anticolonialist political group in Angola, founded about 1953, was the Party of the United Struggle of Africans of Angola (Partido da Luta Unida dos Africanos de Angola -- PLUA).
		In December 1956, the PLUA combined with other organizations in Luanda to form the MPLA, whose aim was to achieve independence for Angola by means of a united front of all African interests.
		The MPLA leadership sought a definite direction and a set of objectives for the independence struggle, in contrast with the broad nationalist approach of its greatest rival for supremacy in the struggle, the FNLA.
	countrystudies.us /angola/25.htm (0 words)

	Angola: Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
		Pre-Colonial Angola and the Arrival of the Portuguese
		The National Front for the Liberation of Angola
		Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola- Workers' Party
	memory.loc.gov /frd/cs/aotoc.html (0 words)

	More Biographies
		He was a popular figure in Hungary, and regarded as a moderates.
		CPA-ML, leder of Tramways union; defied anti-union laws, and movement in his defence led to general stike and defeat of penal provisions.
		Popular due to his heroic role in the resistance, Rajk was made Minister of the Interior in February 1946, Foreign Minister August 1948.
	home.mira.net /~andy/bs/morebios.htm (6106 words)

	Angola: Profiles
		Tensions between the liberation movements ignited soon afterwards, and the MPLA spent most of 1975 struggling for control of the country.
		As a fighting organization, UNITA and its military wing, the Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FALA) were closely connected, with its highest military officers in the political bureau.
		The Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) was formed in 1963 from a number of smaller organizations fighting for Cabindan independence from Portugal, including the Movement for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (MLEC) and the Alliance of Mayombe.
	www.c-r.org /our-work/accord/angola/profiles.php (5494 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola) is a political movement in Angola.
		FNLA was one of the three national liberation movements which fought against Portuguese colonial rule in Angola.
		The other two were the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=National_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola (360 words)

	Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour
		Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour
		The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimiento Popular de Libertação de Angola) is an Angolan political party that has ruled the country since independence in 1975.
		A 1974 coup d'état in Portugal established a military government that promptly ceased pro-independence fighting in Angola and agreed to hand over power to a coalition of the three movements.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Popular_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola_-_Party_of_Labour (409 words)

	Angola History \| iExplore.com
		Angola was made part of the Congo Kingdom by Wene in the 14th century.
		Opposition was relatively muted until the 1950s – when it did emerge, however, the divisions between the liberation movements laid the foundations for the civil war, which has consumed Angola for most of the past four decades.
		The Marxist Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the social-democratic National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) suffered severe repression during the early 1960s after the failure of a rebellion launched by their supporters in 1961.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Angola/History (1004 words)

	Travel in Luanda, Angola - History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first European to reach Angola was the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cao, who landed at the mouth of the River in 1483.
		From the beginning of 1998, more than 142,000 newly displaced persons were registered by the U.N. and the national displacement of the civilian population spread to areas untouched for several years, such as Kwanza Sul, Namibe, and Cunene provinces.
		Freedom of movement remained limited and illegal checkpoints and banditry continued to restrict the circulation of people and goods in various parts of the country.
	www.africatravelling.net /angola/luanda/luanda_history.htm (378 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour Encyclopedia
		Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour Categories
		Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Popular_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola_-_Party_of_Labour (108 words)

	FACT SHEET: The Republic of Angola at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By late 1975, Cuban forces had intervened on behalf of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola and South African troops for United Nation for the Total Independence of Angola, effectively internationalizing the Angolan conflict.
		In control of Luanda and the coastal strip, the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola declared independence on November 11, 1975, the day the Portuguese abandoned the capital.
		This agreement, too, collapsed in 1998 when Savimbi renewed the war for a second time, claiming the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola was not fulfilling its obligations.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/angola/index.shtml (1187 words)

	Angola - POPULAR MOVEMENT FOR THE LIBERATION OF ANGOLA-WORKERS' PARTY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This opposition movement became known as the Active Revolt.
		In 1980 Angola was governed by a new head of state under a newly revised Constitution.
		By the mid-1980s, the party had three major goals--incorporating the population into the political process, imposing party discipline on its cadres, and reconciling the diverse factions that arose to dispute these efforts.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-627.html (435 words)

	Angola: National Geographic World Music (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In a sense, Angola has never recovered from the extensive and brutal slave trade that unfolded after Diogo Cão—the first European explorer to visit the area—entered the mouth of the Congo River in 1483.
		But Angola's indigenous rhythms, such as the semba—ancestor of the Brazilian samba—and rebita were also widely used, and rhythms from Brazil and the Caribbean, particularly merengue, also turn up in the rich recordings from this era.
		Soul of Angola, an excellent compilation of singles recorded between 1965 and 1975, is one of the only places where this nearly-lost era of Angolan music can still be heard.
	worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com /worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/angola_549 (605 words)

	Agostinho Neto Summary
		A doctor and poet, he was also the president of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, directing the armed struggle within Angola against the Portuguese colonial rule, and the first president of the People's Republic of Angola.
		In 1974 a coup in Portugal toppled the Salazar dictatorship.
		Born in the village of Kaxikane in Icolo e Bengo in Angola in 1922, he was a prominent figure from the 1940s when he became an important member of a movement in Angola that sought to rediscover traditional Angolan culture.
	www.bookrags.com /Agostinho_Neto (1131 words)

	Angola: Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
		Pre-Colonial Angola and the Arrival of the Portuguese
		The National Front for the Liberation of Angola
		Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola- Workers' Party
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/aotoc.html (189 words)

	Angola
		The Armed Forces of Angola (FAA) are responsible for protecting the State against external threats and have intervened in regional conflicts every year since 1996.
		Angola produces more than 750,000 barrels of oil per day, a total that is expected to rise to over 1 million by the end of 2002.
		Violence and discrimination against women were common; adult and child prostitution are problems; and children and the disabled continued to suffer as a result of the ongoing conflict and poor economic conditions.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/af/index.cfm?docid=658 (11736 words)

	IFES - Angola
		Angola has begun to rebuild since its 27-year civil war ended in 2002.
		The war, which pitted Jonas Savimbi’s UNITA party against the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by José Eduardo Dos Santos, largely ended with the death of Savimbi in 2002.
		In early 2004, IFES conducted a mission to Angola to evaluate the technical needs of the country's electoral management authorities and to assess Angola's overall preparation for elections.
	www.ifes.org /angola.html (218 words)

	Angola Facts and Information Angola - People's Republic of Angola (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Background: Angola is slowly rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002.
		Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975.
		Angola's Geography: The province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
	www.phrasebase.com /english/countries/angola.html (1515 words)

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