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Topic: Popular Unity

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	Róbinson Rojas.- Allende - CHILE: THE POPULAR UNITY'S PROGRAMME - 1970.- RRojas Databank: Analysis and Information on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The only alternative, which is a truly popular one, and one which therefore constitutes the Popular Government's main task, is to bring to an end the rule of the imperialists, the monopolists, and the landed oligarchy and to initiate the construction of socialism in Chile.
		The Popular State will remain alert before those threats to our territorial integrity and the country's independence, which are encouraged by the imperialists and by those groups of the oligarchy in power in neighbouring countries who encourage expansionist and retaliatory pretensions as well as repressing their own people.
		The Popular Unity Government will only deal with these representatives of the rural population because it is they who are the true representatives of the 98% of the population which lives from agricultural activities or depends on an income from agriculture.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /programm.htm (9508 words)

	Popular front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A popular front is a broad coalition of different political groupings, often made up of leftists and centrists who are united by opposition to another group (most often fascist or far-right groups).
		Popular fronts are larger in scope than united fronts, which contain only working-class groups.
		Trotsky also argued that in popular fronts, working class demands are reduced to their bare minimum, and the ability of the working class to put forward its own independent set of politics is compromised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Popular_Front (634 words)

	Popular Unity Party - Socialist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sameiningarflokkur alþýðu (The People's Unity Party), generally referred to as Sósíalistaflokkurinn (The Socialist Party) was an Icelandic political party which functioned from 1938 to 1968, when the Alþýðubandalagið party was created.
		It was formed through the merger of the Communist Party of Iceland (KFI) and another splinter-group from the Social Democratic Party on the grounds that a united front was needed against fascism, according to the guidelines put forth by the Comintern.
		The formation of the Socialist Party was a result of the Popular Front line embraced by ComIntern, and promoted in Iceland by Einar Olgeirsson of the KFI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Popular_Unity_Party_-_Socialist_Party (370 words)

	Grim lesson of Popular Unity in Chile 1970-73 - Workers waited for a lead that never came (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Popular Unity government was overthrown and its President, Salvador Allende, was shot dead in his room at the Moneda Palace, a large section of which was destroyed by artillery and aerial bombardment.
		A Popular Front embodies the collaboration between a working class party (or parties) and a party or parties of the bourgeoisie, and is a tactic utilised by sections of the bourgeoisie to contain the rise of the mass movement and keep a grip on working class parties.
		Thus the stated aim of the UP was socialism, whereas the Popular Fronts of the Thirties were pledged essentially to combat fascism together with important sections of the bourgeoisie, and remained completely within the ideological and political framework of bourgeois democracy.
	www.labournet.org.uk /so/21chile.html (2880 words)

	Popular Unity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		People's Unity, or Popular Unity (Spanish: Unidad Popular or UP) was the coalition of Chilean political parties that coalesced behind the successful candidacy of Salvador Allende for the 1970 Chilean presidential election.
		It comprised most of the Chilean Left: the Socialist Party, the Communist Party, the Radical Party, the Social Democratic Party, and MAPU (Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario).
		In August 1973 the Christian Democrats cooperated with the right-wing National Party in the congressional protest that set the stage for the Chilean coup of 1973, the effective end of Popular Unity and (for 17 years) of democracy in Chile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Popular_Unity (202 words)

	Chile, Allende, and the Popular Unity: Research Paper
		To evaluate the Popular Unity government appropriately, one needs to study the conditions of the country at the time of their inauguration, as much as the conditions of the country at their demise.
		The failed Popular Front, which was comprised of socialists and communists, was not going to be enough to get to office and had certainly not faired well, as it faced disintegration.
		The idea behind popular politics ignites a severe paranoia in elements of society that have traditionally considered themselves detached from the people and the will of the people, an indication of why perhaps the popular vote in our own country isn’t the decisive factor in the election of our own president.
	www.angelfire.com /vt/RedFistNetwork/Chile1.html (3400 words)

	Róbinson Rojas: The role of the military in the Popular Unity government.- Pinochet The crimes of the Chilean ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The first answer is based on a false assumption that the Popular Unity is a Marxist government; it is also based on a feudal concept of the Chilean military, seeing them as mere servants, "until the last consequences," of the financial, landowning, and capitalist Chilean oligarchy and of the more archaic sectors of Yankee imperialism.
		During the time of the Popular Front, in 1938, the Armed Forces preserved their class origin, located more and more in small-, middle-, and lower-bourgeois professionals, and did not oppose reformism or the consolidation of the state as the main industrializing agent.
		The definitive decline of the class of large landowners began (a decline that will culminate this year, 1971, with Popular Unity's land reform), the industrial bourgeoisie grew, and the strength of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie was born under the shadow of the development of the state.
	rrojasdatabank.info /foh2.htm (3190 words)

	Róbinson Rojas: The role of the military in the Popular Unity government.- Pinochet The crimes of the Chilean ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The first answer is based on a false assumption that the Popular Unity is a Marxist government; it is also based on a feudal concept of the Chilean military, seeing them as mere servants, "until the last consequences," of the financial, landowning, and capitalist Chilean oligarchy and of the more archaic sectors of Yankee imperialism.
		If a "popular legality" were implanted in Chile at this moment, the present Armed Forces would have to depart from the "Constitution and law" in order to make a coup d'etat and re-establish a formal democracy.
		The definitive decline of the class of large landowners began (a decline that will culminate this year, 1971, with Popular Unity's land reform), the industrial bourgeoisie grew, and the strength of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie was born under the shadow of the development of the state.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /foh2.htm (3190 words)

	"Battle of Chile" in context by Angry Arts
		We are committed to the use of film in an effort to educate and organize toward a popular movement for socialism in the U. We research and study around each film and present an informational leaflet and short talk before the showings and have discussions afterwards.
		Popular Unity lacked control over the armed forces and police, so it could not enforce its own legislation.
		In essence, it enjoyed popular support but held only a fraction of state power — the bulk was held firmly by the bourgeoisie.
	www.ejumpcut.org /archive/onlinessays/JC21folder/BatChileAngryArts.html (1152 words)

	Popular Front - Critique of Spartacism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Indeed, the classical examples of popular fronts and their consequences are dealt with at length in the writings of Leon Trotsky from the 1930s, regarding particularly France and Spain in 1936 and later.
		The popular front suppressed the workers revolution in favour of 'democratic' capitalism, in a situation where the whole of the capitalist class supported fascism and the need to smash the workers organisations.
		Given the dominance of Popular Frontism of one sort or another in many countries where the Spartacists were seeking to establish toeholds internationally in the 1970s, this position had an enormous influence on the development of the Spartacists, who confronted it at every step, and therefore their political deviation became more and more systematised.
	members.aol.com /RevolutionTruth/popfront.htm (7453 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Popular Unity itself thus comprised a heterogeneous centerleft coalition committed to pursuing the electoral road to socialism in Chile.
		The coup of September 11, 1973, represented the final act in a drama whose end was largely determined by the unwillingness of Popular Unity to abandon the parliamentary road in favor of the revolutionary road to socialism at three key junctures throughout the last year of Allende’s government.
		The result of Popular Unity’s failure to support them was that the traditionally most classconscious section of the Chilean working class—one which could have been a powerful ally of the left—became completely alienated from the workers’ movement as a whole.
	www.isreview.org /issues/06/chile.shtml (7071 words)

	The establishment of northern hegemony in the process of Yemeni unification - 4
		As unity proceeded the divisions between the two systems were to be eradicated by administrative reform and elections.
		The two regimes were entering into unity arrangements with markedly different economic and political records and levels of popular support in their respective territories.
		As a consequence of its economic and political difficulties, the YSP faced a unenviable choice: To enter into a unity in which it was the weaker force, but which held out the prospect of greater legitimacy for the regime, or to remain independent and confront mounting popular discontent.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/unity/mw4.htm (2299 words)

	Salvador Allende's Leftist Regime, 1970-73 - Chilean Intelligence Agencies
		Outside the Popular Unity, the most significant left-wing organization was the MIR, a tiny but provocative group that admired the Cuban Revolution and encouraged peasants and workers to take property and the revolutionary process into their own hands, much faster than Allende preferred.
		In Congress this center-right coalition erected a blockade against all Popular Unity initiatives, harassed Popular Unity cabinet ministers, and denounced the administration as illegitimate and unconstitutional, thus setting the stage for a military takeover.
		Moreover, the Popular Unity's 43 percent share represented an increase over the presidential tally of 36.2 percent and gave Allende's coalition six additional congressional seats; therefore, many of his adherents were encouraged to forge ahead.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/chile/allende.htm (2076 words)

	Chile
		The fault is with the political decisions made by the Popular Unity government, which did not know how to win either liberty or security for the “normal, decent human beings” in Chile.
		One lesson of the Chilean catastrophe is that the Popular Unity government needed to mobilize and arm the workers and peasants to crush the counterrevolutionary groups, to make a determined fight to defend their interests.
		The Popular Unity regime hoped “to change the capitalist system, while respecting legality, institutionality, and political freedom.” The Popular Unity leaders promised to “keep our activities in the economic, political, and social spheres within certain limits,” and hoped that their enemies would tamely follow the same rules.
	www.laborstandard.org /New_Postings/Chile_JoeA.htm (1369 words)

	Bodas PR - Planning information for the busy bride of today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The lighting of the Unity Candle symbolizes the new union of a husband and wife, two individuals who are becoming one through marriage.
		A unity candle is actually a set of candles: a large single candle in the center, with two slim taper candles on either side.
		The unity candle is often placed off to the side of the area where the wedding ceremony will be performed.
	www.bodaspr.com /eng/articles/unitycandle.php (784 words)

	The Popular Front: A well-covered trap
		Ian claims to have ‘discovered’ that the political degeneration of the revolutionary Spartacist League dates from its position on Allende’s Unidad Popular, while we in the IBT consider this to be a prime example of the uniquely revolutionary character of the SL in that period.
		Ian’s advocacy of treating a reformist party within a popular front essentially the same as one outside such a cross class coalition means to turn the rank and file in to the leaders.
		They did not, to my knowledge, call for joining the popular front, while they did call for voting for it on the grounds that was only a ‘tactical’ question and that it was important not to alienate the masses.
	www.bolshevik.org /mb/8popfront.htm (3333 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The Left Killed Allende, Too by Roberto Ampuero
		Even before Allende's Popular Unity (UP) coalition -- which included Chile's Communist and Socialist parties and several smaller, leftist parties that became extremist -- took control of the government in 1970, many elements of the left, captivated by then-fashionable ideological interpretations of reality, had declared Chilean democracy defunct.
		And it should not be forgotten that on August 22, 1973, in the middle of extreme shortages of basic goods, acute political violence and economic crisis, the Chilean Chamber of Deputies declared the Popular Unity government illegal.
		Heedless of the political damage he was causing the Popular Unity government, Castro traveled through Chile boasting of the most radical measures his own regime had taken, attacking parliamentary democracy, teaching how to make Marxist revolution, and generally causing the hair of the Chilean right, the military and the U.S. government to stand on end.
	frontpagemag.com /articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=9725 (1111 words)

	Trotsky on the Popular Front
		The Popular Front, it was claimed, would win over the support of the middle class by implementing reforms while remaining within the capitalist system.
		In the end it was the strike breaking actions of the Popular Front which served to push the middle layers in the opposite direction.
		It was precisely the role of the workers leaders and the Popular Front which led the workers to defeat, and led to the eventual triumph of fascism.
	www.marxist.com /History/trotsky_on_popular_front.html (2808 words)

	Unity Candles, Wedding Unity Candles
		Unity candles are a modern addition to the traditional Protestant wedding ceremony.
		Unity candles symbolize the union of two families.
		The bride and her family hold one of the tapers and the groom and his family hold the other.
	www.flickeringlights.net /unity_candles_wedding_unity_candles_16_ctg.htm (156 words)

	Chile’s tragedy
		The Popular Unity government was propelled into power by the momentum of these struggles.
		The Popular Unity coalition denounced the cordones as counterrevolutionary--for going "too far" in competing with established authority.
		They knew that Popular Unity was betraying their hopes, but they couldn’t see an alternative.
	www.socialistworker.org /2003-2/467/467_08_Chile.shtml (1469 words)

	The Allende Myth - SOHH.com Global Forum
		The failed and tragic attempt by Salvador Allende and the Popular Unity at creating socialism in Chile in 1970-1973 has become a myth for the world left, presented as the possibility of a peaceful and democratic transition to socialism that was destroyed only because the almighty CIA acted as master puppeteer of the Chilean reaction.
		The Popular Unity was therefore in the middle of a storm of increasing tempo and of their own creation.
		The Popular Unity government was overthrown by its own bourgeoisie (and its political agent, the armed forces) when it became clear that there was a real threat to bourgeois society.
	forums.sohh.com /showthread.php?t=360615 (3866 words)

	Center for Latin American Studies, UC Berkeley
		Rather, the Chilean Left was born out of popular struggles, developing in relative isolation from the ideas of European intellectuals.
		In 1970, Allende was elected, forming a broad coalition called the Popular Unity government.
		Thousands of members and supporters of the Popular Unity government were tortured and murdered.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:7001 /Events/spring2004/02-25-04-arrate (1328 words)

	The Government of the Popular Unity
		And labor insurance was extended to cover 360,000 small-shop owners and manufacturers, market vendors, artisans, transport workers, and other small owners —the very social groups, the "petty bourgeoisie," which were most vocal in their opposition to the Allende government.
		By November 4, 1971 —the Popular Unity's first anniversary in power— the state had come to control 90% of what had previously been private banking.
		Merchants' inventories shrank as a result of the earlier increase in consumer spending, and fresh supplies of merchandise were not easy to come by: many producers put production on hold, waiting to see how long price controls would prevent them from recouping their increased expenses.
	grace.evergreen.edu /~arunc/texts/chile/torre/UPgov.html (1155 words)

	H-Net Multimedia Reviews: Margaret Power on Chile, Obstinate Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		He says that "The Popular Unity was a ship of dreamers propelled by a collective dream which was shredded to pieces [...] a dream of justice, education, health and housing for all [...].
		Today, that confidence is gone, weakened, in the case of Chile, by the defeat of the Popular Unity, the repression unleashed by the dictatorship, and the substantial reversal of fortunes suffered internationally.
		Their memories of the Popular Unity seem focused on their own and their comrade's personal involvement, not on the larger political issues they must once have eagerly discussed.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/exhibit/showrev.cgi?path=70 (1846 words)

	popular unity candle songs
		A popular and appropriate unity candle choice is The Wedding Song, partly because the lyrics mention the word “union.” Sweet Classical favorites include...
		Unity Candle/Soloist - A popular practice in a wedding ceremony is to light a...
		Unity Candle/Soloist - A popular practice in a wedding ceremony is to light a unity candle.
	www.candlesinfoonline.com /39/popular-unity-candle-songs.html (437 words)

	Workers World April 25, 2002: Celebrations diplay popular unity in north Korea
		It is also a celebration of the continuity of leadership represented by unity around his successor, Kim Jong Il, who is pledged to follow the course of national independence and socialist construction charted by Kim Il Sung.
		This has been a harsh winter, but today in Pyongyang the willows are green, the azaleas and forsythia are in bloom, and women stroll the streets in bright costumes for the national holiday.
		It was a celebration of national pride at having defeated the efforts of two imperialisms to reduce their country to colonial slavery.
	www.workers.org /ww/2002/korea0425.php (1016 words)

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