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Topic: Popular revolt in late medieval Europe

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	Peasants' Revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peasants' Revolt, Tyler’s Rebellion, or the Great Rising of 1381 was one of a number of popular revolts in late medieval Europe and is a major event in the history of England.
		The revolt was precipitated by heavy-handed attempts to enforce the third poll tax, first levied in 1377 supposedly to finance military campaigns overseas — a continuation of the Hundred Years' War initiated by King Edward III of England.
		Following the collapse of the revolt, the king's concessions were quickly revoked, and the tax was levied.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peasants'_Revolt (1123 words)

	Ciompi - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In late medieval Florence, the disenfranchised ciompi ("wool carders") were a class of labourers in the textile industry who were not represented by any guild.
		In 1378 they launched the Revolt of the Ciompi, a briefly successful insurrection of the disenfranchised lower classes, the popolo minuto, which remained a traumatic memory for members of the major guilds and contributed to the support given to the Medici long afterwards, as stabilizers of Florentine order.
		Niccolò Machiavelli's Florentine Histories depicts the revolt with a series of invented debates and speeches that reflect the positions of the protagonists, seen from the point-of-view of a later champion of state stability.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ciompi (627 words)

	Black Death - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean throughout the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries, and although the bubonic plague still exists with isolated cases today, the Great Plague of London in 1665-1666 is generally recognized as one of the last major outbreaks.
		Late outbreaks in central Europe include the Italian Plague of 1629-1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679, which may have been due to a reintroduction of the plague from eastern trading ports.
		Europe had been overpopulated before the plague, and a reduction of 30% to 50% of the population could have resulted in higher wages and more available land and food for peasants because of less competition for resources.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Death (6774 words)

	Medieval Spain -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, we know that dancing was popular in Europe during the Middle Ages, for it was depicted in paintings and illuminations, and described in texts.
		The first medieval inquisition, the episcopal inquisition, was established in the year 1184 by a papal bull entitled "''Ad abolendam''," "For the purpose of doing away with." The inquisition was in response to the growing Catharist heresy in southern France.
		Medieval fortification is the military aspect of Medieval technology that covers the development of fortification construction and use in Europe roughly from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/96/medieval-spain.html (1673 words)

	[No title]
		The volcanic fires of primitive human nature smouldered near the surface of medieval life; the events chronicled in medieval history are too often those of sordid and relentless strife, of religious persecutions, of crimes and conquests mendaciously excused by the affectation of a moral aim.
		They were born into the misty morning twilight of the medieval renaissance, of an age when intellectual curiosity was awakening, when philosophy, the sciences and Latin literature were studied with a lively but uncritical enthusiasm, when the rhetorician and the sophist were the uncrowned kings of intelligent society.
		It was Urban II who inspired the knighthood of northern Europe with the belief that they were _Dei militia_, the soldiers of the Church; and it is significant that warfare against the unbeliever ranks prominently among the duties enjoined upon the new-made knight, though it does not stand alone.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/mdvlp10.txt (22208 words)

	The world's #1 true psychic using just his dreams to predict the future. Millions of people now believe in his amazing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A significant outbreak of the bubonic plague, the
		Europe had been overpopulated before the plague, and a reduction of 30% to 50% of the population should have meant less competition for resources: more available land and food, and higher wages.
		In Western Europe, because of the shortage of labor they were in more demand and had more power, and because of the reduced population, there was more fertile land available; however, the benefits would not be fully realized until 1470, nearly 120 years later, when overall population levels finally began to rise again.
	www.briansprediction.com /dd/3157.htm (4976 words)

	Proletariat
		Peasant revolts were popular uprisings by European peasants against their lords and the institution of serfdom, including the 1358 Jacquerie in France, the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England, the 1524-1526 Peasants' War in Germany and the 1573 Croatian and Slovenian peasant revolt.
		The Peasants' War (in German, der Deutsche Bauernkrieg) was a popular revolt in Europe, specifically in the Holy Roman Empire between 1524-1526 and consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a mass of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and nobles.
		Popular revolts in late medieval Europe were uprisings and rebellions by peasants in the countryside, or the bourgeois in towns, against nobles and kings during the upheavals of the 14th through early 16th centuries.
	www.jahsonic.com /Proletariat.html (1874 words)

	Peasant revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Peasant revolt is a term with broad application, typically meaning uprisings of rural or agricultural people against an existing order or establishment.
		Peasant revolts in European history were popular uprisings by peasants against their lords and the institution of serfdom, including the 1358 Jacquerie in France, the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England, the 1524-1526 Peasants' War in Germany and the 1573 Croatian and Slovenian peasant revolt.
		The expression is also used to describe other uprisings of agricultural labourers, like the Mau-Mau rebellion in Kenya in the 1960s, the Khmer Rouge revolt in Cambodia, and the ongoing Zapatista rebellion in southern Mexico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peasant_revolt (178 words)

	Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323-1328 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323-1328 was a popular revolt in late medieval Europe.
		Beginning as a series of scattered rural riots in late 1323, peasant insurrection escalated into a full-scale rebellion that dominated public affairs in Flanders for nearly five years until 1328.
		The uprising in Flanders was caused by both excessive taxations levied by Count Louis II of Nevers, and by his pro-French policies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peasant_revolt_in_Flanders_1323-1328 (168 words)

	Revolution - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Popular revolt in late medieval Europe 14th - early 16th century, a series of attempted revolutions against the nobility
		English Revolution – (1642-1653) – Commenced as a civil war between Parliament and King, culminating in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a republican Protectorate.
		Nicaraguan Revolution – (1979) – Popular overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship by progressive/Marxist peasant movement.
	revolution.quickseek.com (1142 words)

	1381 Definition / 1381 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		June 14 - King Richard II of England meets the leaders of Peasants RevoltThe Peasants' Revolt or Great Rising was a popular revolt in late medieval Europe in 1381 and is a major event in the history of England.
		The revolt is discussed in John GowerJohn Gower (c.1330 - October 1408) was an English poet, and a contemporary of William Langland and Geoffrey Chaucer.
		By his own account he was once commanded by Richard II to write a poem "for England's sake." The royal commission resulted in the composition of Confessio Amantis, a long poem of over 30,000 lies which despite its Latin title was largely written in what is now referred to as Middle English.
	www.elresearch.com /1381 (257 words)

	ORB: Medieval Terms
		By the late fourteenth century the Chamberlain was one of the five main officers of the royal government, along with the Chancellor, the Treasurer, the Keeper of the Privy Seal, and the Steward.
		Thus, by Late Medieval times, in practice the meeting of this court would involve the sheriff and some of his clerks and officers, the coroners, some of the bailiffs, the lords' stewards, those involved in suits, a royal justice, and enough of freemen owing suit of court to conduct business.
		Mention in the khutba was one of the recognized tokens of sovereignty or suzerainty in Islam; omission from it was a signal of revolt.
	the-orb.net /medieval_terms.html (19820 words)

	Help.com - bourgeoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the late Middle Ages, they allied with the kings in uprooting the feudalist system, gradually becoming the ruling class in industrialised nation-states.
		Marxism defines the bourgeoisie as the social class which obtains income from ownership or trade in capital assets, or from commercial activities such as the buying and selling of commodities, wares and services.
		In medieval times, the bourgeois was typically a self-employed proprietor, small employer, entrepreneur, banker or merchant.
	help.com /wiki/Bourgeoise (1066 words)

	Peasant
		A new consciousness of inalienable rights and new, unjust impositions from above contributed to the popular (or peasant) uprisings of the 14th century, the breakdown of the feudal system and the rise of modernity.
		Once a money economy had intruded on the old agricultural order, the peasant was slowly transformed into the laborer for wages, or he might hold a precarious position as an independent smallholder, one of the "yeomen" of sentimental history.
		In some countries in central and eastern Europe where a barter economy obtained in self-sufficient societies, reintroduced serfdom continued up to the 19th century in places, and in some third world countries the term is still broadly applicable today.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/peasant.html (845 words)

	The history and society of late medieval Ulster
		For periods in the medieval era Ulster and parts of Scotland were ruled as one and Scottish Kings involved themselves in Ulster affairs and invasions during the early period.
		This was a system, unlike the popular feudal tradition of primogeniture where titles and land were passed from father to the eldest son.
		Thoughts of revolt still burned in the Lords minds however and while Tyrone stayed at Hampton court in England it was recorded how he developed regular secret meetings with Roman Catholic revolutionaries and in particular one notorious Priest of the Society of Jesus.
	ulsterculture.freeservers.com /preplant.htm (4337 words)

	Faculty: W. H. TeBrake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		My primary teaching field is the history of medieval Europe which I cover in an introductory course on medieval civilization (HTY202) and in a two-course sequence, The Early Middle Ages (HTY 403) and The Late Middle Ages (HTY 404).
		From 1988 to 1996 I served as the Graduate Coordinator of the Department and from 1997 to 2003 as the chair of the Department.
		Medieval Frontier: Culture and Ecology in Rijnland, Environmental History Series, Number Seven (College Station: Texas A and M University Press, 1985), xiv, 293 pp [reissued in paper, 2000].
	www.umaine.edu /history/wtebrake/wtebrake.htm (336 words)

	Everything about Bourgeoisie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Latin quickly became the lingua franca of the entire Gallic region for mercantile, official and educational purposes, yet it should be remembered that this was Vulgar Latin, the colloquial dialect spoken by the Roman army and its agents and not the literary dialect of Cicero.
		Linguists typically divide the languages spoken in medieval France into three geographical subgroups: Langue d'oïl and Langue d'oc are the two major groups; the third group, Franco-Provençal, is considered a transitional language between the two other groups.
		Classical Greek fell into disuse in western Europe in the Middle Ages, but remained known in the Byzantine world, and was reintroduced to the rest of Europe with the Fall of Constantinople and Greek migration to Italy.
	wikimiki.org /en/Bourgeoisie (11666 words)

	Lectures on Early Medieval Europe
		Medieval farmers understood that the soil loses its fertility if the same crops are planted year after year.
		"His hood," said a medieval writer, "was full of holes and his hair stuck out of it." As the serf worked in the field, "his toes peered out of his worn shoes with their thick soles," and he was covered with mud up to his ankles.
		All sorts of popular religious movements arose in order for the discontented to give voice to their dissatisfaction and also to satisfy their need for an emotional religion.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/265notes.html (11678 words)

	Peasant
		Serfdom evolved from agricultural slavery of Roman Empire and spread through Europe around 10th century.
		It was dominant during the Europe's Middle Ages.
		In England serfdom lasted up to 17th century, in France until 1789, in most other European countries until the early 19th century, and the last European country to abolish serfdom was Russia until 1861.
	www.jahsonic.com /Peasant.html (730 words)

	1300s, 14th Century
		The Black Death (also The Plague, and latterly Black Plague though not called this in earlier times) was a devastating epidemic in Europe in the which started in the late 1340s and is estimated to have killed about a third of the population.
		A story-telling competition between a group of pilgrims from all walks of life is the occasion for a series of tales that range from the Knight's account of courtly love and the ebullient Wife of Bath's Arthurian legend, to the ribald anecdotes of the Miller and the Cook.
		With their astonishing diversity of tone and subject matter, The Canterbury Tales have become one of the touchstones of medieval literature.
	www.jahsonic.com /1300s.html (788 words)

	Medieval History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Illustrating Maps of the Early Medieval Period 400-1300 A.D. Illustrating Maps of the Late Medieval Period 1300 - 1500 A.D. Illustrating Maps of the Late Medieval Period 1300 - 1500 A.D
		Medieval Sourcebook: Petrus Paulus Vergerius: The New Education c.
		Medieval Sourcebook: Emperor Louis the Pious: On Tithes, 817
	members.aol.com /TeacherNet/Medieval.html (2742 words)

	PERIODIIESSAYS
		Hay, Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
		Jones, ‘The late medieval state and social change: a view from the duchy of Brittany’, in N. Bulst, R. Descimon and A. Guerreau, ed., L’état ou le roi: les fondations de la modernité monarchique en France (XIVe-XVIIe siècles), pp.
		Hillay Zmora, ‘Princely state-making and the ‘crisis of the aristocracy’ in late medieval Germany’, Past and Present, 153 (1996), pp.
	www.york.ac.uk /teaching/history/pjpg/PERIODIIESSAYS.htm (5753 words)

	School of History & Archaeology - Research Degrees
		Provision may include the RRSH, Paleography, medieval or modern languages as required, or courses in Historical Computing, an area in which Glasgow remains a centre of excellence.
		The Scottish medieval seminar series brings in scholars from a number of disciplines, notably Celtic and Archaeology, while co-operation between colleagues in the History departments of Glasgow and Strathclyde universities has produced a collaborative Social History seminar.
		The Medieval History and Modern History areas also run their own well-attended programmes catering for the interests of staff and students and providing a vibrant intellectual climate in each.
	www2.arts.gla.ac.uk /History/postgrad/research.htm (2219 words)

	Later Medieval Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This period and area are not widely taught in British universities, in part because literature in English has been thin in many areas until recently.
		The course complements studies of late medieval England and of the early modern period in both England and Europe.
		All students will be asked to read a notable contemporary author of their choice from a selection on offer.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /HISTORY/undergraduate/2002/HI2900.htm (167 words)

	The Late-Medieval "Great Depression" Debate: Stagnation or Growth? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Karl F. Helleiner, 'Population of Medieval Europe from the Black Death to the Eve of the Vital Revolution,' pp.
		Wilhelm Abel, Agricultural Fluctuations in Europe from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century (trans.
		Michael Postan, 'The Trade of Medieval Europe: the North', in M.M. Postan and E. Rich, eds., Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~munro5/GRETDPR2.htm (7938 words)

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