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Topic: Population and ethnic groups of Czechoslovakia

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	Population and ethnic groups of Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The major cities and their estimated populations in January 1986 were as follows: Prague (CZ) 1.2 million; Bratislava (SK) 417,103, Brno (CZ) 385,684, Ostrava (CZ) 327,791, Kosice (SK) 222,175; and Plzen (CZ) 175,244.
		Czechoslovakia remained essentially a society of small cities and towns, in which about 65 % of the population were classified as urban dwellers.
		The German population that made up the majority of the population in boder regions was forcebly expelled after World War II, and Carpatho-Ukraine (poor and overwhelmingly Ukrainian and Hungarian) had been ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Population_and_Ethnic_Groups_of_Czechoslovakia (458 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Czechoslovakia (Československo in Czech and in Slovak) was a country in Central Europe, in existence from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period).
		Czechoslovakia arose in October 1918 as one of the succession states of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I.
		The ethnic problems were due to the fact that the second and third largest ethnic groups (Germans and Slovaks, respectively) were not fully satisfied with the dominance of the Czechs, and that the Germans and Hungarians of Czechoslovakia have never really accepted the creation of the new state.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/places/Czechoslovakia (1437 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing: Encyclopedia Article
		This purpose appears to be the occupation of territory to the exclusion of the purged group or groups.” (http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/III-IV_D.htm#III.B)
		Ethnic cleansing is a sub-type of population cleansing, one that involves the forcible removal of members of an ethnic group from a particular locality.
		Population relocations on a large scale were undertaken in the USSR during the nineteen-thirties and in the course of World War II, and have also occurred in some of the successor states.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/ethnic_cleansing.htm (1586 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing
		The term "ethnic cleansing" entered the English lexicon as a loan translation of the Serbian/Croatian phrase etničko čišćenje (IPA /etnitʃko tʃiʃtʃʲeɲe/) (notice that literal translation of the phrase is "ethnic cleaning").
		Ethnic cleansing is often also accompanied by efforts to eradicate all physical traces of the expelled ethnic group, such as by the destruction of cultural artifacts, religious sites and physical records.
		It is generally regarded as lying somewhere between population transfers and genocide on a scale of odiousness, and is treated by international law as a war crime.
	www.chichakli.com /ethnic_cleansing.htm (2554 words)

	ETHNIC CLEANSING AS AN INSTRUMENT OF NATION-STATE CREATION: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Moreover, ethnic cleansing may be equated with the "systematic purge of the civilian population based on ethnic criteria, with the view of forcing it to abandon the territories where it lives".
		Ethnic cleansing - or population transfer as it was then called - was viewed as a legitimate means of overcoming these national discrepancies (i.e., of improving the fit between national boundaries and the ethnic composition of the population within them).
		This normative shift in international attitudes towards ethnic cleansing is arguably evidence of a larger normative transformation in international society itself wherein the right conduct of states within their sovereign jurisdictions across an expanding range of issues has become a legitimate concern of international relations and not simply a matter of domestic politics.
	www.ippu.purdue.edu /failed_states/2000/papers/jacksonpreece.html (5831 words)

	Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		From 1968 to 1989, Czechoslovakia seemed to be a country of a politically apathetic population ruled by aging communist hard liners and bureaucrats.
		Czechoslovakia emerged from the rubble of the Habsburg Empire in 1918.
		The Czechs were the most numerous ethnic group in the country, occupying the central portions of Bohemia and Moravia.
	www.geohistory.com /GeoHistory/GHMaps/GeoWorld/czhek.html (2519 words)

	Population Index - Volume 56 - Number 3
		Chapters are included on the population of France on the eve of the 1914-1918 war, the demographic consequences of that war, the interwar period, the demographic crisis of the 1930s and World War II, fertility trends since 1945, mortality since 1945, nuptiality since 1945, and changes in population characteristics since 1945.
		Population changes in the Soviet Union between 1979 and 1989 are analyzed, based on preliminary results of the 1989 census.
		Consideration is given to population density, ethnic composition, regional population growth, interprovincial migration, regional variations in fertility and age distribution, the effects of the demographic transition, and the one-child policy.
	popindex.princeton.edu /browse/v56/n3/b.html (1990 words)

	HDE 19: Lecture 6
		The ethnic, racial, and socio-economic structure of the U.S. is changing, in part because of differential fertility rates and in part because of immigration.
		If present population were to grow at 2% per year then in 750 years the whole surface of the earth sould be covered with a solid mass of people and in 8,000 years the whole known universe 2,000 light years in radius would be solid humanity.
		The aging of the population is a worldwide phenomenon among industrialized nations and the age structure of the population is a consequence of the demographic history of the country.
	entomology.ucdavis.edu /courses/hde19/lecture7.html (4729 words)

	[Regents Prep Global History] Conflict: Ethnic Conflict
		The first episode concerning the mass murder of an ethnic group in the 20th century was also the most devastating in its magnitude and utter evilness.
		Ethnic groups were divided by new borders, grouping groups together within one country.
		Ethnic differences that are are invisible to an outsider, had resulted in seven-year long civil war.
	regentsprep.org /Regents/global/themes/conflict/ethnic.cfm (1027 words)

	Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Czechoslovakia comprised the medieval kingdom of Bohemia, which came under Austrian Hapsburg rule in 1526, and Slovakia, long a part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
		Tensions between the major ethnic groups were never entirely overcome, and by the mid-1930s there was considerable sentiment for autonomy in Slovakia, while the German minority in the Sudetenland sought union with a resurgent Germany.
		In 1938, Czechoslovakia lost border territories to Germany, Hungary and Poland, and in 1939 the balance of the country was occupied by Germany.
	www.trussel.com /stamps/smoking/country/czechosl.htm (348 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The waves of forced evictions of ethnic and religious groups have been repetitive, often combining physical removal with devastating violence, or, as in the case of the Jews, genocide.
		Ethnic cleansing is a blanket term, and no specific crime goes by that name, but the practice covers a host of criminal offenses.
		Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 forbids "individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country." The actions are grave breaches of the Fourth Convention—war crimes of particular seriousness.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/ethnic-cleansing.html (846 words)

	AllRefer.com - Czechoslovakia - Others \| Czech Republic Information Resource
		The government's response was Constitutional Act No. 144 (October 1968), which defined the status of ethnic groups in Czechoslovakia and acknowledged the full political and cultural rights of legally recognized minorities.
		Czechoslovakia lost most of its Ukrainian population when Carpatho-Ukraine was ceded to the Soviet Union after World War II.
		They were generally Uniates and suffered in the 1950s and 1960s from the government's repression of that group in favor of the Orthodox Church (see Religion, this ch.).
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/czechoslovakia/czechoslovakia68.html (1812 words)

	Population Index - Volume 60 - Number 2
		The "population of Thailand is one among the few population groups in [modern times] which has experienced [a] rapid decline in fertility level within two decades.
		The spatial distribution of the resident foreign population of France is analyzed by nationality, using data from the 1990 census.
		Population growth due to births and deaths was calculated by assuming that the crude rates for Turks, Moroccans, [Tunisians], Pakistani and Indonesians living in the Netherlands apply to the Moslems, and those for the Surinamese apply to the Hindus/Buddhists.
	popindex.princeton.edu /browse/v60/n2/j.html (6568 words)

	Macedonian Heritage - Opinion: “Stability and ethnic cleansing” by Giorgos Kapopoulos
		The problem of the coexistence alongside the majority population group within a sovereign state of populations of different ethnic origin, with protected minority rights, appeared in the aftermath of the 1st World War in 1918.
		The whole range of minority rights described in the Treaties of 1919-1920, responsibility for the respect of which was assumed immediately afterwards by the League of Nations, were from the beginning regarded by the new national states as a threat to their integrity and sovereignty.
		With the exception of the Greek-Turkish exchange of populations in 1923, which established the necessary conditions for stability, Central and Eastern Europe were afflicted by minority-irredentist fever long before the rise to power of Hitler in January 1933.
	www.macedonian-heritage.gr /Opinion/comm_20010902Kapopoulos.html (487 words)

	Germany - Population - Historical Background
		About two-thirds of this population lived in towns with more than 2,000 inhabitants, and the number of large cities had grown from eight in 1871 to eighty-four in 1910.
		Stimulating population growth were improvements in sanitary and working conditions and in medicine.
		This wave of immigrants, the first of several groups that would swell Germany's population in the succeeding decades, helped compensate for the millions of Germans who left their country in search of a better life, many of whom went to the United States.
	countrystudies.us /germany/84.htm (946 words)

	Czechoslovakia - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period).
		After World War II, the pre-war Czechoslovakia was reestablished, the Germans were expelled from the country and Ruthenia was occupied by (officially "given to") the Soviet Union.
		The Czechoslovakia national football team was a consistent performer in the international scene, with 8 appearances in the FIFA World Cup Finals, finishing in second-place in 1934 and 1962.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=5322 (1514 words)

	Managing cultural, ethnic and religious diversities - Discussion Paper 50
		According to a census in 1920, Czechoslovakia's population was 13.5 million, of whom 6.3 million were Czechs, 3.5 million Germans, 1.9 million Slovaks, 1.1 million Hungarians (most within the Slovak inhabited regions of Czechoslovakia), 0.5 million Ruthenians, and smaller numbers of Jews and Poles.
		One group, some 90-95 percent of the Romanies, are descendants of the Romani who settled in Slovakia from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.
		This group is composed of the "Hungarian Romanies," Romanies migrating from Hungary (settled mainly in the southern part of Slovakia along the Hungarian border), and "Slovak Romanies," who migrated there earlier.
	www.unesco.org /most/ronen.htm (15999 words)

	czech ethnic
		The ethnic composition of the Czech Republic is mostly Czech: the majority of the 10.3 million inhabitants of the Czech Republic are ethnically and linguistically Czech (90%).
		A large percentage of the Czech population claim to be atheists (40%), and 16% describe themselves as uncertain.
		As a state, Czechoslovakia could be easily divided into the two major nationalities that resided in the state’s borders, The Czechs and the Slovaks.
	www.unc.edu /~pineda/ethnicity.html (1359 words)

	Some ethnic groups have genetically inferior IQ’s
		There are too many examples of discriminated minorities even within ethnic groups that score worse on IQ tests to believe the myth that the differences are genetic.
		There are countless examples around the world where the dominant ethnic group scores higher on IQ tests than the discriminated minority, even when the two groups are of the same ethnic stock.
		Czechoslovakia: Karol Adamovic, "Intellectual Development and Level of Knowledge in Gypsy Pupils in Relation to the Type of Education," Psychologia a Patopsychologia Dietata 14, 1979, 2:169-76 (translated abstract).
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-inferiorIQ.htm (1209 words)

	Part I - Nicaraguan population of Mikito origin
		The Miskito population that worked in these enterprises received wages that were considered to be very low, while the Atlantic region, as a whole received no particular benefit as a result of the economic activities of those companies.
		But the Indian people is not to be deceived; they know nothing of the existence of such alleged anti-sandinista armed groups, but they have experienced the oppression and bombardment of their communities, the mass killings of their brothers by the soldiers of Sandinismo.
		What is ironic in this FSLN campaign is that while their propaganda makes an effort to persuade on the basis of lies, their military sets fire to communities, expropriates the livestock and property of the refugees, and forces the few families who remained in the communities to move to another area as alleged refugees.
	www.cidh.oas.org /countryrep/Miskitoeng/part1.htm (4110 words)

	[No title]
		Czechoslovakia was draw into the war because Hitler wanted to incorporate a portion of Czechoslovakia called Sudetenland, an area where there was a population of ethnic (not expatriate) Germans.
		Ethnic Hungarians were encouraged to settle in Romania to ease its labor shortage.Germans previously had settled in small pockets in Romania prior to the Empire.
		Ethnic problems are prevalent in almost all of the countries.
	www.tamuk.edu /geo/geog/notes/esteu.htm (2581 words)

	CNN Cold War - The Oder-Neisse Line
		But by the end of the war, and the Potsdam Conference that followed in August 1945, the Red Army had already occupied all lands to the east of the Soviet-proposed line.
		Norman Naimark, chairman of the history department at Stanford University and author of "The Russians in Germany," says a parallel can be drawn between the deportation of Germans in postwar Europe and the recent events in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
		Groups representing the so-called Sudeten Germans, who were thrown out of Czechoslovakia, remain influential in German politics.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/02/spotlight (675 words)

	Czechoslovakia ETHNIC GROUPS - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Czechoslovakia's ethnic composition in 1987 offered a stark contrast to that of the First Republic.
		Czechs and Slovaks, about two-thirds of the First Republic's populace in 1930, represented about 94 percent of the population by 1950.
		The Czech population as a portion of the total declined by about 4 percent, while the Slovak population increased by slightly more than that.
	www.photius.com /countries/czechoslovakia/society/czechoslovakia_society_ethnic_groups.html (257 words)

	Hazelwood: History: Ethnic Groups, 1960
		Ethnic Groups Represented in the Population of Hazelwood:
		Persons % of Foreign Stock United Kingdom 461 9.3 Ireland 634 12.8 Norway 0 0 Sweden 22.4 Germany 310 6.3 Poland 405 8.2 Czechoslovakia 424 8.6 Austria 159 3.2 Hungary 960 19.4 USSR 225 4.5 Italy 980 19.8 Canada 55 1.1 Mexico 39.8 All other and not reported 278 5.6
		From Hazelwood Neighborhood Survey 1962 by Charles Unkovic.
	www.clpgh.org /exhibit/neighborhoods/hazelwood/haze_n43.html (95 words)

	William Davidson Institute
		Country: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (former), East Germany (former), Hungary, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia (former), Soviet Union (former), China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, South Africa, etc (see notes)
		Abstract: This study examines the clash-of-civilizations assertion concerning domestic ethnopolitical conflicts, which are, differences between civilizations increase the likelihood of escalation of conflicts and that since the end of the cold war, fault lines between civilizations are becoming the sites of the most intense conflicts.
		These observations include linkages to 130 governments and 631 ethnic groups.
	ddcn.prowebis.com /study_detail.asp?studyid=693 (195 words)

	Czech Republic
		Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe
		Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
		Ethnic divisions: Czech 94.4%, Slovak 3%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Gypsy 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 1%
	www.ozonelab.com /ozoneden/cr01.htm (833 words)

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