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Topic: Population dynamics

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Population ecology

Mathematical biology

Population

Population genetics

Population bottleneck

Ecology (disciplines)

Demography

Demographic transition

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Population density

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	Population Dynamics
		he "dynamics" of bird populations, the ways in which their numbers grow and shrink as time goes by, are controlled by the same general factors that control the size of human populations.
		In an average lifetime, the average female in each bird population lays many more eggs than are required to replace her and her mate, if the chicks from all of her eggs were to mature into reproducing adults.
		Crossbills are an extreme case, and their sort of nomadic behavior is normally not considered in studies of the dynamics of individual populations (since birds are not moving into and out of a population, but into and out of a location).
	www.stanford.edu /group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Population_Dynamics.html (1144 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Population Dynamics
		It is estimated that the world population reached 6 billion at the end of the 20th century, a remarkable expansion.
		It is expected that the population will continue to grow over the next two decades, because a large percentage of the population in the most populated countries are of, or will reach childbearing age during this period, a phenomenon known as population momentum.
		As a result, the average age of the population is increasing, with a larger percentage of the population aged 65 years or older.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /subcategory.php/30.html (1101 words)

	Urban Population Dynamics
		The global urban population is growing by 2.5 per cent per year (3.5 per cent per year in the less-developed regions and 0.8 per cent in the more-developed regions), or 61 million people – roughly the equivalent of adding six cities the size of Lagos.
		In 1990, 7.5 per cent of the urban population in more-developed regions was concentrated in the four cities with more than 10 million people; by 2015, these four cities will account for about the same share of the urban total, 7.2 per cent.
		In 1950, 80 per cent of the urban population lived in cities of fewer than 500,000 people; this proportion declined to 60 per cent by 1994 and is expected to fall to 54 per cent by 2015.
	www.unfpa.org /swp/1996/ch3.htm (2412 words)

	National Park Service: GRTE-N-1 (Population Dynamics)
		Population trends of the Jackson Hole herd and refuge winter segment, as indicated by maximum counts and/or estimates within periods since 1911 and corresponding average hunting removals.
		Population trends for the refuge herd appear to have been relatively "stable" for the past 57 years.
		While hunting removals could be considered the cause for the general population declines in the Jackson Hole elk herd, the actual agents were human settlement and agricultural developments on the animals' historical winter range.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/fauna8/fauna3.htm (2042 words)

	Demographer's notebook: Population Dynamics in Asia and the Pacific: Implications for Development
		The population of East Asia is expected to increase by 170 million between 1990 and 2000, representing 31.6 per cent of the growth in the ESCAP region.
		The dependency ratio for the population of the ESCAP region is expected to decline from 60.3 in 1990 to 50.9 in 2010 as a result of the change in age distribution.
		Population policies in the ESCAP region currently need to address issues differently for countries which are at very different stages of the demographic transition from high to low fertility and mortality.
	www.unescap.org /esid/psis/population/journal/1994/v09n1dn.htm (6916 words)

	Nature Works - Population Dynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Population is the number of individuals of a particular species in an area.
		Animal and plant populations depend on many things for survival.
		In nature, populations of animals and plants are linked together like a puzzle.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwep12.htm (128 words)

	POPULATION AND CONFLICT: NEW DIMENSIONS OF POPULATION DYNAMICS
		Population, conflict and their interaction may be important factors in determining the kind of world we will face for the remaining decades of this century and those of the next.
		Dynamics of population growth appear to change rapidly--both in terms of sheer numbers and the underlying causes of changes in numbers.
		Population size becomes a critical factor only when two states are at relatively similar levels of economic and technological development and where their resource endowments are alike.
	www.population-security.org /unfpa-84.htm (10080 words)

	Water and Population Dynamics: Local Approaches to a Global Challenge, Alex de Sherbinin
		The population ìcarrying capacityî for these countries may be influenced more by the periodic droughts than by average annual rainfall over a 20 to 30 year period.
		At the core of the water and population dynamics workshop were the country case studies.
		Population growth can be slowed by taking action in related areas of population policy, reproductive health and family planning services, and improved educational and employment opportunities for women.
	www.aaas.org /international/ehn/waterpop/desherb.htm (3442 words)

	Piping Plover Atlantic Coast Population Recovery Plan: Appendix E (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Population viability analysis (P.A.) is a structured and systematic analysis of the interacting factors, including abundance, rates of survival and productivity, demographic and environmental stochasticity, and catastrophes, that determine a population's risk of extinction.
		The potential for loss of small local populations is greater the smaller the subpopulation, the greater the distance between subpopulations, and the poorer the ability of the species to disperse between habitat patches to augment or re-colonize adjacent populations and habitat.
		Lack of differentiation between populations may be explained either by relatively recent declines and isolation of regional populations, or by adequate gene flow within and between populations to offset effects of genetic drift.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/pipingplover/recplan/appendixe.html (4752 words)

	Population Dynamics
		As a population increases in size it exherts a negative influence on reprodutive output and survivorship, acting to lower population growth rates.
		The tendency is to push the population towards its carrying capacity.
		A population will exhibit chaotic behavior, if reproductive output is high and there are strong density effects regulating population size (i.e., large values for the exponent in the divisor of our example model).
	www.public.iastate.edu /~kmoloney/Shared/menagerie.html (448 words)

	Population Dynamics by Country
		Still, the population of the African continent is expected to rise from 800 million now to 1.8 billion in 2050, because the fertility rate of 38 births per 1,000 people is still much higher than the mortality rate of 14 deaths per 1,000.
		Population increased at an annual rate of 6.17% between 1975 and 1985, and at 4.45% between 1985 and 1995.
		Population growth in many parts of Mexico has kept poor people from adequately feeding, clothing, educating, and caring for their children, and also has contributed to deforestation, loss of species, and air and water pollution.
	www.overpopulation.org /culture.html (7621 words)

	Population Dynamics Are Changing the Profile of Rural Areas - Amber Waves April 2007 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nonmetro populations will continue to be older than metro populations because a greater proportion of retirees are moving to nonmetro counties than to metro counties, and because older people account for a larger share of the population in counties that are losing residents.
		Foreign-born population growth—fueled by international migration and reinforced by a younger population and higher fertility rates—has mitigated and in some cases reversed the long-term patterns of population decline and aging populations in many Midwestern and Great Plains counties.
		Because population change due to aging-in-place and inmigration are concentrated in different areas, high-elderly nonmetro counties are becoming increasingly heterogeneous.
	www.ers.usda.gov /AmberWaves/April07/Features/Population.htm (2290 words)

	LTER Core Area Research - Population Dynamics
		A population is a group of organisms of the same species.
		Population dynamics refers to the changes in a plant or animal species population size over time due to natural or human causes.
		Population dynamics of animals and plants species can be determined in different ways, for example animals can be live trapped, counted, marked, and released so a population size can be estimated.
	www.lternet.edu /coreareas/pop.html (499 words)

	Population dynamics in Latin America Population Bulletin - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The region's population was being transformed from being overwhelmingly rural to predominantly urban.
		Population change in Latin America is important to the United States as globalization strengthens the hemisphere's social and economic ties, and because migrant streams have brought more Latin Americans to U.S. communities.
		Population change in Latin America and the Caribbean may be divided into four distinct periods, beginning with the arrival of Europeans in 1492.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3761/is_200303/ai_n9173891 (807 words)

	Chapter 1: Our People, Our Resources
		More recently, population growth provided the concentrations of labor and the supply of ingenuity to spur the industrial revolution and the development of modern societies, with their high levels of employment in the production of services.
		High rates of population growth, which are common in the developing world, are largely the result of falling death rates in a context of persistently high fertility.
		Although population growth is a problem largely at the global or national level, there are no institutions at those levels that can influence behavior to respond to this problem.
	www.iucn.org /themes/spg/Files/opor/opor1_1.html (3334 words)

	SD : People : Population and Environmental Change: from Linkages to Policy Issues
		This perspective proposes that population growth must be stopped as soon as possible: this drastic goal is a logical consequence of explicitly raising the issue of the scale of human interaction with the environment (and therefore of limits to economic growth).
		As for population concentration, it is the very substance of urbanization; of course, one may seek to keep population and housing densities within ecologically (and socially) acceptable limits.
		Population dynamics must be taken into account, and it must be regarded as more than an exogenous variable: two-way linkages between population change and other elements of the system must be recognized.
	www.fao.org /sd/wpdirect/WPre0089.htm (4530 words)

	NOVA Online \| The Wilds of Madagascar \| Population Dynamics
		Populations can grow or decline through the combined effects of births and deaths, and through emigration and immigration.
		These population dynamics are placing a severe strain on the economy and the environment.
		Malnutrition in children is a major problem to the degree that approximately half the children under the age of three have growth abnormalities due to lack of proper food.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/madagascar/classroom/l4_intro.html (970 words)

	The chaotic rhythms of life
		In a, the population settles to a constant level; in b, the population alternates between high and low in successive populations; and in c, the population behaves chaotically.
		So-called "Poincare' cross-sections", or planes slicing across the attractor, suggest that the dynamics correspond to deterministic chaos generated by an approximately one-dimensional map, or an equation of the kind we have already described.
		Glass and his colleagues interpret the dynamics of these periodic or chaotic patterns in terms of the complex bifurcations that result from the interplay between the innate physiological rhythms of heart cells and the frequency of the forcing electrical stimuli.
	www.fortunecity.com /emachines/e11/86/rhythm.html (4425 words)

	Population dynamics: overview
		Information about population dynamics is of fundamental importance for policy making and planning across a range of policy areas from health to the economy, and population change is relevant at local as well as national level.
		Scotland's population is decreasing and ageing at the same time.
		This part of the web site describes various related aspects of population dynamics - population, deaths and migration - providing for each topic: an overview of the topic, examples of local and national trends, key data sources and references and useful web links.
	www.scotpho.org.uk /web/site/home/Populationdynamics/PopulationDynamics.asp (199 words)

	BIO 111 Environmental Science - Population Dynamics Graphs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Populations tend to grow to the maximum extent possible given the environmental conditions.
		This type of curve can be seen experimentally when a population with a high biotic potential such as algae, protozoans, insects, etc., are provided with a resource base but not the elements of the community required to recycle or renew the resources.
		When a population is part of a community which provides for the recycling and renewal of resources and which exerts density dependent population controls, the result is an S or Sigmoid Curve in which population growth decelerates and establishes an equilibrium related to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem.
	jimswan.com /111/population/populations.htm (2728 words)

	Nearctica - Ecology - Population Ecology
		The lectures cover basic population growth, maximum sustained yield, stochastic models, predator-prey, herbivory, age dependent models, and spatially structured models to name but a few of the topics.
		Population Index is a bibliography of papers published on human population demography.
		Other models are large, complex, and try to include as many of the factors affecting the dynamics of a population as possible.
	www.nearctica.com /ecology/pops/popecol.htm (423 words)

	Population Environment Research Network - CyberSeminars
		Thus, there is an opening for the population research community to contribute to this growing body of research on hazards vulnerability.
		In addition, CIESIN has undertaken demographic analyses of the mortality from the 2004 Tsunami and conducted mapping of population variables for New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (2005).
		PERN is a project of The International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), and the International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP) on Global Environmental Change.
	www.populationenvironmentresearch.org /seminars.jsp (1279 words)

	Population dynamics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For example if there are a lot of mice then the owl population may increase as there is a lot of food for the owls.
		The populations of producers are very high most of the time because they are far more efficient at getting energy than larger animals such as cows and wolves for example.
		If we take the population of grass in the savannah to be around 10,000 KJ then as we go up the food chain we find that wilde beast are only 1000 KJ whilst cheetah are around 100 KJ.
	www.main-vision.com /richard/populati1.htm (321 words)

	UNITN - Computational and Mathematical Population Dynamics
		This Conference is jointly the 7th Conference on Mathematical Population Dynamics (MPD) and the 3rd Conference on Deterministic and Stochastic Models for Biological Interactions (DeStoBio).
		As in the previous conferences from both series, aim of the meeting is to bring together people from different fields (applied mathematicians, statisticians, engineers, computer scientists, biologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, biomedical scientists, ecologists...) interested in (deterministic and/or stochastic) models for population dynamics and interactions.
		In the title, "population dynamics" is to be intended in a very wide sense, from populations of animals and plants, to populations of cells or molecules.
	www.unitn.it /events/mpd (249 words)

	Pop. Dynamics of Duckweed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Your job for the next two month's will be to count and record the population growth of your "leaves" on the back of this paper.
		Make a neat and simple graph with the population on the vertical (#"s of leaves) and the 60 days on the horizontal.
		One of your populations (cup of water and Duckweed) will be the "control" and the other will have the one variable or "experimental factor".
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/ATG/data/released/0515-TrumanHoltzclaw/index.html (387 words)

	Evolutionary Games and Population Dynamics
		Traditional approaches to the problem of cooperation based on the replicator dynamics assume constant (infinite) population sizes and thus neglect the ecology of the interacting individuals.
		Defection decreases the population density, due to small payoffs, resulting in smaller interaction group sizes in which cooperation may be favoured.
		In infinite populations where individuals randomly interact in public goods games, cooperators are doomed and readily disappear.
	www.univie.ac.at /virtuallabs/Ecology (470 words)

	Population Dynamics of Growth of Drosophila
		Since it is too time consuming to study the parameters that affect the dynamics of growth of the human population, Drosophila have been chosen as the experimental organism.
		Research the number of human offspring/female in a heavily populated city like NYC or LA compared to the number in your hometown or any lesser populated city.
		Determine the population in 100 years if the rate of increase for humans is 2/female and the generation time is 20 years; 3/female; 4/female?
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1991/population.html (577 words)

	BioMed Central \| Abstract \| Modelling the impact of climate change on woody plant population dynamics in South African ...
		Understanding the population dynamics of Grewia flava is a crucial task, because it is widely involved in the shrub/bush encroachment process, a major concern for rangeland management due to its adverse effect on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity.
		In terms of the projected rates of precipitation change for scenario (3) and (4) population dynamics were found to be relatively stable.
		However, for a larger increase in inter-annual variation or in temporal auto-correlation of rainfall population trends were negative, because favorable rainfall years had a limited positive impact due to the limited shrub carrying capacity.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6785/4/17/abstract (422 words)

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