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	Population transfer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, invariably on the basis of ethnicity or religion.
		Often, the affected population would be transferred to a region not adjacent or even suited to their way of life, the transfer would be forced, and would cause them substantial harm.
		Population transfer differs more than simply technically from individually-motivated migration, though at times of war, the act of fleeing from danger or famine often blurs the differences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Population_transfer (2518 words)

	Population transfer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state undertakes the forced removal of a large group of people from a region, invariably on the basis of ethnicity or religion.
		Population transfer was used in 1922 to resolve the Greco-Turkish_War_(1919-1922).
		Prior to population transfer in 1922, during the interval from 1914 to 1922, Greeks suffered the Pontian Genocide [1] following the model of the Armenian genocide perpetrated by the Young Turk government several years earlier.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/population_transfer (2686 words)

	Think-Israel
		The second is a completion of the population exchange that began before 1948 when nearly a million Jews were expelled or "encouraged" to leave Arab lands and (despite Arab and British obstruction) settled in Israel.
		Without completion of the population exchange -- transfering the Palestinian Arabs and settling them in neighboring Arab lands -- Israel will find herself in exactly the position she is now -- besieged by implacable internal enemies who frankly consider the Jewish State a monstrosity to be totally destroyed.
		An enforced population transfer was fairly standard policy of the Babylonians and Assyrians -- they would enslave the conquered, transfer most of them to a distant point in the empire and replace the population with another group, usually those with a longer history of loyalty.
	www.think-israel.org /exchange.html (4768 words)

	Encyclopedia: Population transfer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The final report ( http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.Sub.2.1997.23.En?OpenDocument) of the Sub-Commission (1997) invoked a large number of legal conventions and treaties to support the position that population transfers contravene international law unless they have the consent of both the moved population and the host population; moreover, that consent must be given free of direct or indirect negative pressure.
		Prior to population transfer in 1922, during the interval from 1914 to 1922, Greeks suffered the Pontian Genocide [4] ( http://www.hri.org/docs/inter/96-05-17.doc.html) following the model of the Armenian genocide perpetrated by the Young Turk government several years earlier.
		The Dayton Agreement or Dayton Accords is the name given to the agreement at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio to end the war in the former Yugoslavia that had gone on for the previous three years, in particular the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Population-transfer (5576 words)

	Syria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With almost 60% of its population under the age of 20, unemployment higher than the current estimated range of 20%-25% is a real possibility unless sustained and strong economic growth takes off.
		Syria's population is 90% Muslim â”70% Sunni, and 20% other Muslim groups, including the Alawi, Shi'a, and Druze â”and 10% Christian.
		Aramaic, the lingua franca of the region before the advent of Islam and Arabic, is spoken among certain ethnic groups: as Syriac, it is used as the liturgical language of various Syriac denominations ; modern Aramaic (particularly, Turoyo language and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic) is spoken in Al-Jazira region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Syria (4066 words)

	The human rights dimensions of population
		Population transfer has been conducted with the effect or purpose of altering the demographic composition of a territory in accordance with policy objectives or prevailing ideology, particularly when that ideology or policy asserts the dominance of a certain group over another.
		The subject populations commonly originate from a neighbouring State or territory, and the arbitrary, abrupt and mass nature of the expulsion is incompatible with due process requirements for the deportation or expulsion of legal entrants.
		In any event, the ultimate disposition of the implanted population and its descendants and their relationship to the successor government of the formerly occupied country involve a number of human rights issues that may be guided by current and emerging international law pertaining to "good governance" and individual and group rights.
	www.unhchr.ch /huridocda/huridoca.nsf/0/683f547c28ac785880256766004ecdef?OpenDocument (13142 words)

	Greek and Turkish refugees and deportees 1912-1924
		The country, which had a population of only 5.5 millions was faced with an influx of about 1.2 million people (the actual numbers are surrounded by a lot of uncertainty).
		In line with the policies of their predecessors, the rulers of the Committee of Union and Progress, the leaders of the republic saw the homogenisation of Anatolia (which was now a 98 percent Muslim country as opposed to 80 percent in 1912) as a positive development.
		In other words: the population exchange was seen as an integral part of the nation-building process and the fact that the homogenisation of Anatolia also meant that the precious skills of an entire commercial and industrial middle class had been lost, was seen as a price that had to be paid for full independence.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /tcimo/tulp/Research/ejz18.htm (3758 words)

	Think-Israel
		Population exchange is the solution to irreconcilable differences.
		Strife was fanned to the extent that the population exchange was unplanned, refugees were forced to travel through a war zone, and separation was not complete in Kashmir and with the Sikhs.
		The inevitable population exchange in the 1940s and 1950s has reduced tensions, so that two Arab states have signed treaties with Israel, Kaufmann concludes.
	www.think-israel.org /shulman.exchange.html (802 words)

	Population Exchange Convention, 1923
		Property situated in the districts to which the compulsory exchange applies and belonging to religious or benevolent institutions of the communities established in a district to which the exchange does not apply, shall likewise be liquidated under the same conditions.
		The movable and immovable property belonging to persons who have already left the territory of the High Contracting Parties and are considered, in accordance with Article 3 of the present Convention, as being included in the exchange of populations, shall be liquidated in accordance with Article 9.
		The expenses entailed by the maintenance and working of the Mixed Commission and of the organizations dependent on it shall be borne by the Governments concerned in proportions to be fixed by the Commission.
	www.hri.org /docs/straits/exchange.html (1769 words)

	Population Exchange Convention, 1923
		All able-bodied men belonging to the Greek population, whose families have already left Turkish territory, and who are now detained in Turkey, shall constitute the first instalment of Greeks sent to Greece in accordance with the present Convention.
		The High Contracting Parties undertake mutually that no pressure direct or indirect shall be exercised on the populations which are to be exchanged with a view to making them leave their homes or abandon their property before the date fixed for their departure.
		No obstacle shall be placed in the way of the inhabitants of the districts excepted from the exchange under Article 2 exercising freely their right to remain in or return to those districts and to enjoy to the full their liberties and rights of property in Turkey and in Greece.
	zeus.hri.org /docs/straits/exchange.html (1769 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook - Notes and Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This entry is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older.
		An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population).
		The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region.
	www.phatnav.com /factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html (9140 words)

	Redress, Justice? - Jerusalem Diaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Her appearance was sponsored by Justice for Jews From Arab Countries, a high-powered group that plans to raise the profile of the 850,000 Jews who were forced to leave Arab countries in the 1940s and 50s.
		In effect, what occured was a population exchange--600,000 Arabs who were made refugees by the 1948 War of Independence and the 850,000 Jews whom Arab governments expelled around the same time.
		The result will be the emergence of countries where the majority of their populations will share a common nationality and culture.
	www.jerusalemdiaries.com /article/94 (401 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The Right Road to Peace by Binyamin Elon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Israel, the United States and the international community will allocate resources for the completion of the exchange of populations that began in 1948, as well as the full rehabilitation of the refugees and their absorption and naturalization in various countries.
		The population of the camps is at the mercy of terrorists and provides cover for their activities.
		Israel, the United States and the international community will allocate resources for the completion of the exchange of populations that began in 1948 and the full rehabilitation of the refugees and their absorption and naturalization in various countries.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=8286 (3963 words)

	AFINU - Population Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Consequently, the answer to the current difficulties in western Eretz Yisrael and the liberated lands of 1967 is not the relinquishing of territory, but the completion of a process that began in 1948.
		This process, so rarely spoken of, is the exchange of populations which saw nearly 800,000 Jews, either through expulsion or voluntary emigration, leave the Arab countries they inhabited for as long as several thousand years and come to western Eretz Yisrael.
		It must not be forgotten that the national borders that now define the Arab states were imposed by the colonial powers and that the national definition of the Arab is a modern colonial fiction.
	www.thenationalunion.com /AFINU/exchange.html (154 words)

	A Candid Conversation, Part 2 (Boris Shusteff) August, 2001
		The exchange of population should be carried out in the same way that Turkey and Greece exchanged their populations.
		A report by President Truman´s International Development Advisory Board, published on March 7, 1951 emphasized that, "The exchange of the Arab population of Palestine with the Jewish population of the Arab countries was favored by the League of Nations as an effective way of resolving the Palestine problem.
		One of the most well-known population exchanges took place between India and Pakistan in the1950's, when 8,500,000 Sikhs and Hindus from Pakistan fled to India and almost 6,500,000 Muslims moved from India to Pakistan.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/aug01/shusteff3.htm (1291 words)

	Mutual population exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But if a political situation does develop in which we have to seriously consider evacuating a large number of settlements and dividing control and sovereignty over the territories with a Palestinian entity, it would be well to consider basing it on a demand for a mutual population exchange.
		There are close to a score or more Palestinian villages in crucially important security zones such as the Jordan Rift Valley, an enlarged Jerusalem Corridor, and along the narrow waist of the Coastal Plain, which would be a bone in Israel's throat if they were incorporated into Israel, as part of any future interim agreement.
		Israel's acquiescence in the evacuation of many scores of settlements in order to make possible a reasonable measure of territorial contiguity between the different parts of a Palestinian entity should be made conditional on an exchange of populations with the evacuation of those Palestinian villages being traded off for abandoning those settlements.
	www.tzemachdovid.org /Facts/mutual.shtml (800 words)

	Yehuda Shenhav: What do Palestinians and Arab-Jews Have in Common?
		(Tsimhoni 1991)( 14) The ambassador reported that the a population exchange was acceptable to Israel in principle, but that the idea of exchanging 100,000 homeless (Palestinian) refugees for 100,000 (Jewish) refugees who would leave their assets behind was read in Israel as mere extortion.
		On the question of a population exchange, it was reported in the press, purportedly citing the spokesman of the Survey Group, that the Prime Minister of Iraq has allegedly made such an offer.
		Agitation surrounding the possibility of a population exchange only faded in March 1950, with the enactment of the Iraqi denaturalization law that enabled Jews to leave Iraq after renouncing their citizenship.
	www.arts.mcgill.ca /MEPP/PRRN/papers/shenhav1.htm (14544 words)

	Definition of Population transfer
		The United States government removed several Native American nations to federally owned and designated reservations.
		Despite court judgments in their favour, they have not been allowed to return.
		The list of authors can be found here.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Population_transfer (2465 words)

	SBDCNet E-Newsletter
		In the year 2010, the Hispanic population will be the largest minority in the U.S. The number of Hispanics in the U.S. will exceed the total population of Canada, approximately 31 million.
		Document Exchange is a new SBDCNET initiative that will create a way for SBDC Counselors to share and exchange useful tools/documents.
		The second phase of the Document Exchange is the 'SBDC Counselors Toolkit': a broad collection of counselor-developed tools including spreadsheets, diagnostic checklists, forms, brochures and articles for use by a SBDC Counselor either to give to clients for information, or to assist them in their consulting.
	sbdcnet.utsa.edu /E-Newsletters/news10.htm (306 words)

	federal reserve bank exchange rates - The rates Spot
		The rates Spot is always looking to add new links on our feature subject federal reserve bank exchange rates, so if you know of any great federal reserve bank exchange rates sites, please submit them to our site.
		The following exchange rates are certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes as...
		She why between say paper by word again eyes federal reserve bank exchange rates, line eyes just she interet top top near its.
	www.brockbankinvestment.com /bank-rates/federal-reserve-bank-exchange-rates.html (498 words)

	CER \| Interview with Hungary's Civil Rights Ombudsman Katalin Gonczol
		I also look upon the funding from the Council of Europe to set up an exchange programme last year, involving a visit by some of the newest Ombudsmen who came to Hungary to gain an insight into how we go about our daily business as a form of recognition.
		Then there is the question of compensation due to those who were forcibly moved in the framework of the Czechoslovak-Hungarian population exchanges, something I have been drawing Parliament's attention to for years now.
		Complaints against the police and the investigative authorities likewise remain great in number and I would single out for particular mention the fact that around every fourth or fifth complaint is lodged against local authority offices, against mayors and town clerks.
	www.ce-review.org /01/23/csardas23.html (2164 words)

	Turkey - Greeks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most of them are Eastern or Greek Orthodox Christians and live in Istanbul or on the two islands of Gökçeada (Imroz) and Bozca Ada (Tenedos), off the western entrance to the Dardanelles.
		They are the remnants of the estimated 200,000 Greeks who were permitted under the provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne to remain in Turkey following the 1924 population exchange, which involved the forcible resettlement of approximately 2 million Greeks from Anatolia.
		Beginning in the 1930s, the government encouraged the Greeks to emigrate, and thousands, in particular the educated youth, did so, reducing the Greek population to about 48,000 by 1965.
	www.countrystudies.us /turkey/32.htm (161 words)

	Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey (Studies in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey (Studies in Forced Migration) Edifying Spectacle
		Book / Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey (Studies in Forced Migration)
		Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey (Studies in Forced Migration)
	edifyingspectacle.org /thanks/asinsearch_1571817670 (99 words)

	Turkiye / Turkey Forum
		The rest of the Greeks left for Greece during the population exchange between Ataturk and Venizelos.
		First of all, lets see if we know the same things; During the excange of the population in 1922, the muslims in Western Thrace (80.000) and the Greeks in Constantinople (500.000), Imvros and Tenedos(12000) were excluded (Treaty of Lozzane).
		Muslim in the balkan doesnot mean turk...it means slavic that was muslimized by ottoman fascist rule...so you should abandon that game before somebody else laughs at your lie.
	www.network54.com /Forum/thread?forumid=231937&messageid=1110068749&lp=1111525373 (4362 words)

	USATODAY.com - Sharon hints at redrawing Israeli border (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		JERUSALEM (AP) — Prime Minister Ariel Sharon has suggested a willingness to trade some Israeli-Arab population and land to the Palestinians in return for the land upon which Jewish settlers live in the West Bank, a senior Israeli official said Tuesday.
		On Tuesday, Sharon was quoted in the Maariv daily newspaper as saying he is examining a possible population exchange with the hope of drawing a border between Israel and a future Palestinian state.
		The senior Israeli official said on condition of anonymity that exchanging populations is "an old method that has been used elsewhere."
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2004-02-03-sharon-borders_x.htm (580 words)

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