Population momentum

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Topic: Population momentum

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	Sketch of Internet Population Course
		Population momentum is often described as the tendency for populations to continue to grow for several generations after zero population growth fertility rates have been achieved.
		This section introduces the concept of population momentum and an important demographic tool, population pyramids.
		Population momentum occurs because the age structure of a population includes many young people.
	anthro.fortlewis.edu /anthro190/pop4.htm (4470 words)

	Population and Development: Implications for the World Bank
		Population momentum is a major challenge, not just for poor countries with high birth rates but also for the world at large.
		Population momentum can be reduced by investments to increase educational opportunities, to expand reproductive health and family planning information and services, and to reduce maternal and child mortality.
		This phenomenon, referred to by demographers as population momentum, is a facet of the youthful age structures of developing- country populations, which in turn reflect high birth rates in past decades.
	www.worldbank.org /html/extdr/hnp/population/pop_dev/popdev.htm (2808 words)

	DEPweb: Beyond Economic Growth, Chapter 3
		Population growth caused by more women giving birth even though each has the same number of or fewer children is called "population momentum." Population momentum is particularly significant in developing countries that had the highest fertility rates 20 to 30 years ago.
		While a country's population growth rate depends on the natural increase and on migration, global population growth is determined exclusively by the natural increase.
		The projected increase of the world’s population from the current 6 billion to 9-10 billion at the end of the century will be attributable almost entirely to population growth in developing countries.
	www.worldbank.org /depweb/english/beyond/global/chapter3.html (2808 words)

	BBC NEWS Health Europe's population 'to plummet'
		The continent's population is continuing to grow at the moment they say, but it will enter a "negative momentum" due to the declining birth rate.
		Population data from 15 countries across Europe was studied to determine the potential impact of child-bearing patterns.
		The researchers say around 40% of the projected population decline could be attributable to women's decision to put off having children.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/2895109.stm (423 words)

	HumanKnowledge.txt
		They are predictions of * humanity's three remaining technological revolutions; * heat pollution as any planet's ultimate limiter of population and development; * asymptotic limits on the development of economic and military systems; * limits preventing runaway intelligence and productivity; and * technology allowing perfect forgery and invasion of physical privacy.
		Momentum is still conserved, even though mass and energy are interconvertible.
		Technological principles are likely to coincide wherever in the universe there are thinkers dealing with similar phenomena and desiring similar goals.
	humanknowledge.net /HumanKnowledge.txt (423 words)

	Chapter 6 -- Population Dynamics
		Population momentum: potential for rapid increase in natality once youngsters reach reproductive age in populations with a large number of prereproductive individuals.
		Factors that regulate population dynamics can be either instrinsic or extrinsic to the population, can be caused by biotic or abiotic forces, and can act on the population in either a density-dependent or density-independent fashion.
		Populations will often be distinguished by differences in distribution among prereproductive, reproductive, and postreproductive age classes.
	zoology.muohio.edu /oris/Cunn06/cs6_06.htm (1570 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Population Dynamics
		It is expected that the population will continue to grow over the next two decades, because a large percentage of the population in the most populated countries are of, or will reach childbearing age during this period, a phenomenon known as population momentum.
		As a result, the average age of the population is increasing, with a larger percentage of the population aged 65 years or older.
		It is estimated that the world population reached 6 billion at the end of the 20th century, a remarkable expansion.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /subcategory.php/30.html (922 words)

	Size of population
		Population Momentum and the changing health environment in India
		Population size and population density in the Netherlands by municipality on January 1, 2000.
		The mathematical model based on this idea is that the population size for one generation depends on the size of the previous generation, and it is a multiple.
	getinfoeasy.com /q/size-of-population.html (745 words)

	GN Online: Gulf population growth rate highest in world
		This phenomenon is referred to as population momentum.
		Another indicator to explain the rapid population growth in the region is the decline in mortality rates and the increase of life expectancy at birth.
		In fact, the population growth rate in the Middle East and North Africa region is nearly twice that of East Asia and four times that of the world's high income nations.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=46834 (946 words)

	Indiainfo.com -> News -> India -> Decline in Indian population growth rate
		"Undoubtedly, a combination of the population momentum and the method mix widely adopted for fertility regulation has ensured that the net addition is on the decrease", the Minister said adding for the country as a whole the achievements under the National Family Welfare Programmes have been quite substantial.
		The growth rate of population in the country during 1961-71 stood at 2.20 per cent and it rose to 2.22 per cent in1971-81.
		Attributing the current high population in some parts of the country to the large size of the population in the reproductive age group, Health and Family Welfare Minister Shatrughan Sinha said this was also as a result of higher fertility due to unmet need for contraception.
	news.indiainfo.com /2002/07/22/22population.html (252 words)

	Population - Sierra Club Rocky Mountain Chapter
		The reason - "population momentum," where today's children will grow up to have their own children while their parents are still alive.
		The Population Committee believes it is important for all Sierra Club programs to emphasize the population-environment message, and for the Club to participate in educating the public on the importance of stabilizing both U.S. and world population.
		World population is increasing at a rate of 6 million per month!
	www.rmc.sierraclub.org /population (411 words)

	Maximum Occupancy, by Joel E. Cohen, February 1996, American Demographics
		John Bongaarts, vice president in charge of research at the Population Council and a leading demographic researcher, has quantitatively analyzed three factors responsible for the anticipated rise in population of the developing countries: population momentum, unwanted fertility, and large desired family size.
		A population problem arises whenever human welfare--any value held by the people concerned--suffers because of more or fewer people, or a different age distribution of people, or a faster or slower population growth rate, or a changed spatial distribution of population.
		Shortly before his election to the vice-presidency of the United States, Albert Gore offered five "strategic goals [to] direct and inform our efforts to save the global environment." His first goal involves accelerating or inducing a global demographic transition--that is, a shift from high mortality and fertility to one of lowered birth and death rates.
	www.uwmc.uwc.edu /geography/malthus/ad882.htm (411 words)

	Center for Immigration Studies
		Continued high birthrates and four decades of plummeting death rates have swelled the population of the Caribbean Basin at record rates, building-in momentum for future growth.
		The 22 Caribbean island states are easily the greatest producers of immigrants to the U.S. relative to their population size.
		In sum, the Caribbean Basin's near-term population growth is fairly well fixed and cannot be altered.
	www.cis.org /articles/1986/paper2.html (411 words)

	Experts wrangle over ‘birth dearth’ - Special Coverage - MSNBC.com
		Some of these countries are expected to begin experiencing population declines over the next half-century as the momentum responsible for current population growth grinds to a halt.
		The rate of global population growth has been slowing since the 1960s, when birth rates began to decline around the world due to changing cultural and economic factors, including increasing education, urbanization and access to family planning services.
		The average fertility rate in Europe is 1.45, a rate that could lead, one day, to a severe decline in population.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/3072271 (716 words)

	December 28, 2001: Iran's Birth Rate Plummeting at Record Pace
		Because almost 40 percent of Iran's population is under the age of 15, population momentum is strong and growth in the immediate future is inevitable.
		Iran's population growth rate dropped from an all-time high of 3.2 percent in 1986 to just 1.2 percent in 2001, one of the fastest drops ever recorded.
		To keep growth rates low, Iran needs to continue emphasizing the social value of smaller families.
	www.earth-policy.org /Updates/Update4ss.htm (1228 words)

	Peru
		At the same time, education’s share of Peru’s public budget rose from 2.9 per cent in 1900 to 30 per cent in 1966, one of the highest in Latin America, and this severely strained the financial resources of the state as continued high birthrates and dramatic declines in infant mortality radically expanded the school-age population.
		On one hand, the expansion of schooling is one of the principal means of increased consumption and opportunity for the common man in Peru; it provides the single clear and coherent expression of social democracy in Peru’s recent history, growing both in impact and momentum in the course of this century.
		While the expansion of the school population has been most dramatic since 1957, it often is forgotten that enrollments have been increasing throughout this century at an overall geometric rate of 5.4 per cent annually, nearly triple the growth rate of the population as a whole.
	www.normangall.com /brazil_art11_1.htm (6135 words)

	Extract Regarding The Clearances - ScotWars
		In one view, the logic of Clearance had an inexorable and gathering momentum, because the basic problem was population growth and pressure on the land: the population of the Highlands rose from 115,000 in 1755 to 154,000 in 1801 and to 201,000 by 1831.
		Estate records, learned editorials of pro-landlord newspapers such as the Inverness Courier or the Scotsman, which was fond of blasts against 'Celtic Laziness', demographic statistics showing growing population on the land and the analysis of seemingly inexorable economic factors by some modern historians have all contributed to a defence of landlords.
		He has since, on the whole, been defended by most modern economic historians, who have seen no other answer to the problem of growing population on the Sutherland estates.
	www.scotwars.com /html/narra_extract_clearances.htm (6135 words)

	Publications Policy Research Division Working Paper No. 125 } Completing the demographic transition
		Three causes of this growth are identified and quantified: 1) fertility above the replacement level of two surviving children per woman, 2) continuing declines in mortality, and 3) population momentum resulting from a young age structure.
		Population momentum is shown to be the main cause of future growth in most countries and regions.
		Despite ongoing declines in fertility in many countries, the population of the world is experiencing a period of rapid expansion, and its size is expected to exceed 10 billion by the end of the demographic transition.
	www.popcouncil.org /publications/wp/prd/125.html (140 words)

	France Culture unitary Third Republic Constitution of France Alsace Cantal Meuse Andorra Cantonese French Newspapers
		In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all the natural growth in European population: the population of the European Union increased by 216,000 inhabitants (without immigration), of which 211,000 was the increase in France's population alone, and 5,000 was the increase in all the other countries of the EU combined.
		Today, France is at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.
		Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the North Sea, and from the Rhine River to the Atlantic Ocean; it is bordered by the United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain.
	en.powerwissen.com /j4d84xBhi6dxIh1PByxSPg==_France.html (3618 words)

	Articles - France
		In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all the natural growth in European population: the population of the European Union increased by 216,000 inhabitants (without immigration), of which 211,000 was the increase in France's population alone, and 5,000 was the increase in all the other countries of the EU combined.
		France has been at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.
		France possesses a large variety of landscapes, ranging from coastal plains in the north and west, where France borders the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, to the mountain ranges in the south (the Pyrenees) and the south-east (the Alps), the latter containing the highest point in western Europe, Mont Blanc at 4810 m.
	www.1hunting.com /articles/France (3618 words)

	France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all the natural growth in European population: the population of the European Union increased by 216,000 inhabitants (without immigration), of which 211,000 was the increase in France's population alone, and 5,000 was the increase in all the other countries of the EU combined.
		France has been at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.
		France possesses a large variety of landscapes, ranging from coastal plains in the north and west, where France borders the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, to the mountain ranges in the south (the Pyrenees) and the south-east (the Alps), the latter containing the highest point in western Europe, Mont Blanc at 4810 m.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/France (3618 words)

	France Culture unitary Third Republic Constitution of France Alsace Cantal Meuse Andorra Cantonese French Newspapers
		In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all the natural growth in European population: the population of the European Union increased by 216,000 inhabitants (without immigration), of which 211,000 was the increase in France's population alone, and 5,000 was the increase in all the other countries of the EU combined.
		Today, France is at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.
		Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the North Sea, and from the Rhine River to the Atlantic Ocean; it is bordered by the United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain.
	en.powerwissen.com /j4d84xBhi6dxIh1PByxSPg==_France.html (3646 words)

	OpinionJournal - Featured Article
		Population aging is driven mainly by low birth rates rather than by long life spans--and since fertility levels in poor regions continue to drop, the momentum for Third World population aging continues to build.
		The coming conjunction of an aging population in the world's developed economies and in important parts of the developing world naturally raises the question of potential global impact.
		In fact, rapid and pronounced population aging may represent one of the most least appreciated long-term risks facing many of today's developing economies.
	www.opinionjournal.com /editorial/feature.html?id=110007552 (1458 words)

	Lab #6: Fertility
		The General Fertility Rate begins to control for population structure by computing the number of live births for the population of women in their childbearing years per thousand.
		The Total Fertility Rate or TFR is the most powerful and useful measure of fertility in understanding a population.
		We have discussed several different measures of fertility, each of which is more specific in terms of the number of births relative to the population “at risk” of giving birth.
	www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu /~imiyares/fertility.htm (405 words)

	Knock-on electron runaway avalanche and bursts
		Electrons knocked out from the bulk distribution to large energies through large angle scattering are given by the source term S. Assuming that for this term the bulk particles have zero momentum, and the runaway electron distribution is highly peaked around zero pitch angle, then a high energy electron with momentum w
		There is an initial stage of exponential growth of the runaway population during which the electric field decreases due to the high conductivity of the runaways until the electric field reaches E
		As Z increases, this layer becomes thicker, and there is an effective decrease in the runaway population.
	epub.iaea.org /fusion/subscribe/38/nov/ms6418ChiuS/6418.html (4689 words)

	The Real Lord of the Rings
		The first argument (shiny rings) is less certain than the second (angular momentum), he cautions, "because we're not sure there's enough dust at the orbit of Saturn to pollute and blacken the rings." NASA's Cassini spacecraft will measure the dust population when it reaches Saturn in 2004.
		Second, small moons that orbit through the outermost regions of the ring system are gaining angular momentum at the expense of the rings.
		They're triggered by gravitational tugs from Saturn's moons -- the same ones that are sapping the rings' angular momentum.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2002/12feb_rings.htm (1440 words)

	Environment: The future of populous economies: China and India shape their destinies - Cover Story
		However, population growth will continue for several decades because of the demographic momentum of China's large population of women of child-bearing age.
		How well they manage growth, poverty, and population will influence not only the condition of their local environments but regional and global environments as well.
		The economy is making a swift transition towards private enterprise and market economics, with most of the growth occurring in the coastal regions and in the southeast.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1076/is_n6_v37/ai_17280375 (1367 words)

	The Aging of America and the Transition to Sustainability
		One reason is population momentum, the large number of women in the baby boom generation simply had more babies (even though they averaged less than two) than the deaths of those from earlier (and smaller) generations.
		The rapid population growth of the post-World War II "baby boom" created a huge generation ö some 95 million strong ö which will be entering old age in the first part of the next century.
		This, combined with the fact that Americans are living substantially longer (a trend which is expected to continue well into the 21st century), has resulted in a growing number of elderly ö both in terms of absolute numbers and as a percentage of the total population.
	www.npg.org /projects/socialsecurity/aging_america.htm (1062 words)

	The Celdonian Diplomatic Quarter -> Riots In Fortrose
		The immigrant population and their descendents, who comprise around 42% of the population, have long complained that they are culturally marginalized in Celdonia, feelings the government did little to alleviate when it rejected calls to recognise Xikuangese as an official language in the region, and to open schools that would teach in the language.
		The independence movement in Fortrose has gained momentum over recent years largely fuelled by the large Xikuangese minority and their unlikely allies in the large agricultural sector in one of Celdonia’s few agriculturally rich regions.
		Reports are coming in from the western province of Fortrose that borders Xikuang that a rally organized by the Fortrose Camapaign for Independence has clashed with police in the regional capital Newfort.
	invisionfree.com /forums/CACE/index.php?showtopic=1214 (2415 words)

	Lynne Allen : Current Research
		By projecting the classical KBO population observed at 40 AU onto a plane to estimate the expected population of the thin disk, I can rule out a cold disk located in the invariable plane.
		To evaluate this possibility, I carried out a second set of observations of fields in and near the invariable plane (the angular momentum plane of the solar system), the most likely location for this primordial dense disk.
		The dark solid line is the ecliptic plane, the lighter lines are the distant disks with inclination of 1 degree which are not ruled out by these fields.
	www.astro.ubc.ca /~lallen/kbo/thesis.html (2415 words)

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In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)