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Topic: Population transfer in the Soviet Union

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	Population transfer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state, or international authority, forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, most frequently on the basis of their ethnicity or religion.
		Population transfer differs more than simply technically from individually-motivated migration, though at times of war, the act of fleeing from danger or famine often blurs the differences.
		Two famous transfers connected with the history of France are the expulsion of the Muslims in the 13th century, and of the Huguenots who were declared illegal by the Edict of Fontainebleau, 1685.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Population_transfer (2761 words)

	Encyclopedia: Population transfer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, invariably on the basis of ethnicity or religion.
		Population transfer was used in 1922 to resolve the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922).
		Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state undertakes the forced removal of a large group of people from a region, invariably on the basis of ethnicity or religion.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Population-transfer (5714 words)

	MSN Encarta - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
		Article 36 of the Soviet constitution of 1977 enshrined citizens’ right to use their mother tongues “and the languages of the other peoples of the USSR.” In fact, the Russian language was advantaged, though not to the exclusion of others.
		The Soviet Union had no official state language, but Russian was the preferred language of government and economics, the sole language of military command, and the medium of communication within the CPSU.
		The Soviet Union screened schoolchildren to find talented athletes at an early age, sometimes as young as five or six; those selected for competitive sports were sometimes sent to special schools for that purpose.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553017_2/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics.html (1736 words)

	Commanding Heights : Russia \| on PBS
		The dramatic change in Soviet politics is marked by the lack of military response and the Party's impotence in the face of Poland's free elections and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
		For the first time in their lives, the Soviet people find themselves living without the threat of censorship and the secret police, but economic collapse leads to widespread protests for better pay and conditions, and the majority of the population sees its social benefits erode.
		Soviet foreign debt balloons to $56.5bn at a time when the ruble is undergoing steep devaluation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/ru/ru_full.html (6884 words)

	Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A term coined by Joseph V. Stalin to indicate that the Soviet Union was surrounded by capitalist states pursuing political, military, and economic policies aimed at weakening and destroying the Soviet regime.
		Soviet and Western experts believe that damage to the people's health, to the economy, and to the environment will be felt for decades.
		In the Soviet Union, the Uriate Church is found primarily in the western Ukrainian Republic, where it has been referred to as the Ukrainian Catholic Church.
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_glos.html (9333 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		In July 1940, the apparent stalemate in the war with Britain brought the Soviet Union to the forefront of his strategic thinking as an inviting target in itself, as the last obstacle to German hegemony on the Continent, and as the lever with which to bring Britain to terms.
		In the first phase the German Army was to engage the Soviet main force as close to the western border of the Soviet Union as possible, cut it up by encircling movements, and destroy it and so prevent the Russians from fighting a delaying action across the vast spaces of their country.
		On November 22, the Soviet spearheads met at Kalach on the Don River, and the Sixth Army and approximately half of the German and Romanian troops of the Fourth Panzer Army (250,000 to 300,000 men in all) were encircled.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_6.html (17160 words)

	AllRefer.com - Soviet Union [USSR] - SOVIET UNION Country Study and Guide \| Soviet Union or USSR Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Soviet Union USSR - The East Slavs and the Varangians
		Soviet Union USSR - Chairman of the Council of Ministers
		Soviet Union USSR - The Council of Ministers and Its Presidium
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/soviet-union (2218 words)

	Soviet Union (former) TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION TRANSFER - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, ...
		By the early 1980s, technology transfers from the United States to the Soviet Union were curtailed severely in response to political, economic, and military concerns.
		Soviet scientists have had easy access to Western and Japanese publications, and for years they have relied heavily on this literature as a primary source of foreign technology.
		Some critics argued that technology transfers allowed the Soviet Union to save millions of rubles (for value of the ruble--see Glossary) in research and development costs and years of development time.
	www.photius.com /countries/soviet_union_former/government/soviet_union_former_government_technology_and_infor~11303.html (1209 words)

	ZNet Commentary
		Yes, I was "very glad" the Soviet government was overthrown, and at the point where Gorbachev was in power, and "glasnost" and "perestroika" appeared to have a certain future, I saw the possibility of a socialist but democratic Soviet Union that would retain the social programs without the cruelties of the police state.
		You attribute to the existence of the Soviet Union "the progress of unionization and social reform all over the world" and "the liberation struggles of oppressed peoples" who took "courage and inspiration and critical material support from the Soviet Union." I don't credit the Soviet Union with that.
		The Soviet Union seems to have given material support when it was in its national interest and other times withheld it (the aid to Spain, for instance, is not clear-cut; the aid to the Greece rebels after World War II was not there -- it seems Yugoslavia gave them real aid).
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/1999-09/2zinn.htm (897 words)

	Women in the Soviet Union
		The vast shortage of men in the Soviet Union arising from the first world war and the civil war years was compounded by the second world war, leaving only 59 men between the ages of 35-59 for every 100 women.
		The issue of women's wages in the Soviet Union is assuming more and more importance, as in the West especially since by 1959 almost one third of households were headed by women.
		Marxists can be confident that the demands and aspirations of women workers in the Soviet Union will not be to turn the clock back and return to the confines of the home but will be to extend their rights and conditions.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/theory/women/women_in_soviet_union.asp (4861 words)

	Michael Hope - "Polish deportees in the Soviet Union".
		The secret German-Soviet agreement concerning the fourth partition of Poland and Soviet aggression against Poland confirmed that the Soviet Union was unilaterally to violate the main bilateral and multilateral treaties agreed with Poland.
		In the first phase of the occupation, the Soviets carried out a previously prepared plan for liquidating Poles as "enemies of the people": civil servants, judges, the police, professional army officers, factory owners, landlords, political activists, leaders of cultural, educational and religious organisations, and others activists in the community.
		Beria in his report to Stalin stated that "all officers are uncompromising enemies of the Soviet Union, are anti revolutionists and should be sentenced to death".
	www.wajszczuk.v.pl /english/drzewo/czytelnia/michael_hope.htm (3527 words)

	TITLE>Population transfer and control
		The transfer of civilians by an occupying power into the territory it occupies is a violation of international law, according to the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949.
		The first public indication of Chinese population transfer to Tibet came in 1952, in the "Directive on Central Committee of CPC on the policies for Work in Tibet", issued by Mao Zedong himself.
		Its population should be increased from the present two or three million to five or six million, and then to over ten million.
	www.tibet.com /WhitePaper/white8.html (2389 words)

	Russian and East German Documents on Ethiopia
		The Ethiopian delegation was informed about the measures the Soviet leadership undertakes in support of Ethiopia in the international arena, in particular in connection with the anti-Ethiopian position of the ruling circles of Sudan and to the arms supplies to the Eritrean separatists from a number of Arab states.
		He said that he shared the viewpoint of the Soviet side regarding the essence of differences between the USSR and China and, on his part, pointed out to the difference of positions between Ethiopia and China on a number of issues, including the situation in the African Horn.
		Concerning the participation of Soviet representatives in a meeting, Samantar did not define their level, did not say that it [the level] should be high.
	www.banadir.com /77/11.shtml (2207 words)

	pp 34-42 Transfer of U.S. Korean War POWs To the Soviet Union
		This transfer was mainly politically motivated with the intent of holding them as political hostages, subjects for intelligence exploitation, and skilled labor within the camp system.
		Once the transfer of U.S. Korean War POWs to the Soviet Union was completed, the prisoners would have faced a long period of imprisonment.
		One of the difficulties in matching the names provided by these former Soviet citizens was the practice by Soviet prison authorities to often change the names of foreign prisoners and to forbid them to use their real names.
	www.nationalalliance.org /korea/korea05.htm (3015 words)

	Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet
		The origins of the biological weapons program of the former Soviet Union stretch back to statements by Lenin, and experimental work was under way by the late 1920s.
		Although the Soviet Union signed the Convention at its inception in 1972, it did not believe that the United States would be so foolish as to abandon its biological weapons capability, regarding the disarmament agreement as a `worthless piece of paper.'
		By the time of the breakup of the former Soviet Union, from which the Russian Confederation emerged in 1992, much had been achieved and war mobilization plans were in place for the surge production of huge quantities of the agents mentioned earlier, as well as a number of others, such as Marburg virus.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol5no4/davis.htm (2221 words)

	pp 18-25 Transfer of U.S. Korean War POWs To the Soviet Union
		The control system for POW camps in North Korea shows the extent of involvement of Soviet "Advisors." The Secretary General of the top secretariat was a Soviet officer named Takayaransky, Director General of the POW control bureau was a Colonel Andreyev, USSR; its Deputy Director, Lt. Col.
		The Soviet colonel was audibly distressed and upset with whatever information he had just received and broke off the interrogation.
		The significance of Corporal Flores' experience in Soviet hands is that it demonstrates that the Soviets had a special handling procedure for pilots, especially F-86 pilots.
	www.nationalalliance.org /korea/korea03.htm (2970 words)

	News From the Soviet Union
		The strike committee foresaw this tactic and even though the manager fired the top union organizer, a women was elected by the workers, a mother of 6 children who, if she lost her job, would not be able to feed her family.
		The management saw that it was hopeless to threaten the solidarity of the workers and thus he was forced to sign a wage increase and contract with the workers.
		The union was not large enough and did not have the necessary experience.
	www.northstarcompass.org /nsc0204/newssu.htm (3443 words)

	Soviet Union (Former) : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
		Soviet Union (Former) : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
		Soviet of the Union and Soviet of Nationalities
		Military Policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/sutoc.html (454 words)

	Adherents.com
		The majority of the population in Udmurt is Russian (59%), followed by Udmurts (31%) and Tatars (7%).
		The initial attempts toward union had followed the replacement of Bishop Bohdan T. Shpilka as ruling bishop of one branch of the church by Mystyslaw Skrypnyk.
		At the time of the union, Bishop Bohdan declined to participate in the new church and withdrew with his following and reorganized as the Ukrainian Orthodox Church from 1935 to 1950...
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_636.html (2560 words)

	Koreans - China-related Topics KM-KP - China-Related Topics
		Korea's population is one of the most ethnically and linguistically homogeneous in the world, with the only minorities being very small ethnic ChineseChinese communities in South Korea
		Approximately 450,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former Soviet UnionUSSR, primarily in the newly independent states of Central Asia.
		There is also a separate ethnic Korean community in the Russian island of Sakhalin, where Koreans brought in by Japan as labourers were stranded after the island came into Soviet hands after World War II.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Koreans (610 words)

	world_war_II_evacuation_and_expulsion : Encyclopedia Articles
		Provisions of the Potsdam Agreement from 1945 signed by victorious Western Allies and the Soviet Union led to one of the largest...
		World War II evacuation and expulsion as sanctioned by the Allies at the Potsdam Conference The Evacuation of East Prussia as agree at the Potsdam Conference Operation Keelhaul None of these resulted in...
		World War II evacuation and expulsion Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany Polish areas annexed by Soviet Union List of Concentration Camps for Poles [ edit ] References This article does not cite its...
	www.logicjungle.com /wikifind-world_war_II_evacuation_and_expulsion.html (299 words)

	After the Soviet Union: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I hope not, and the possibility of the Soviet alternative, however tragically it played itself out, to the degree to which it offered an alternative kept alive a hope that resistance was possible; and that resistance is possible, but we need the imagination to combat the numbing conformism of mass culture today.
		That there was such a powerful alternative once in Russian history is also a source of hope for Russians as they face an economy that has many of the worst features of our own capitalist culture with many of the worst features of a degenerated Soviet bureaucratic structure and set of elites.
		I hope you understand a bit better why those differences remain important, because they have a history in a different period that can be understood.
	www.columbia.edu /~kmp30/COURSE/W4361/Aftersovout.htm (1246 words)

	Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Declining Health Care in the 1970s and 1980s
		ADMINISTRATION OF THE MASS MEDIA AND THE ARTS
		The Structure and Status of the Machine-Building and Metal- Working Complex
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/sutoc.html (241 words)

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