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Topic: Poqo

	SAPA - 14 Oct 96 - PAARL MAN FELL VICTIM TO POQO REIGN OF TERROR, TRUTH BODY TOLD
		Nothemba Kabane said her husband Nozulu, a tobacco worker, had been warned to be cautious in his criticism of Poqo shortly before he disappeared in October 1962.
		Earlier on Monday, the commission heard the testimony of Phathekile Hans, whose brother, a Poqo acivist, was hanged in 1967 for allegedly trying to overthrow the government.
		Hans said his brother Gqibile was a prominent member of the Pan Africanist Congress and was deeply involved in the activities of Poqo, which began a sabotage campaign soon after its establishment in 1961.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/media/1996/9610/s961014c.htm (553 words)

	Volume THREE Chapter FIVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Poqo adopted aggressive conscription methods, allowing no room for dissension, resulting in at times violent intolerance towards non-supporters of their methods and towards criticism by their own members or outsiders.
		Poqo networks were alleged to have conspired to rise up against the white population in several small towns.
		The state alleged that they were members of Poqo and had, between November 1966 and June 1967, planned to storm the police station, kill the police officers and other whites, and steal weapons and poisons for the town’s drinking water.
	www.stanford.edu /class/history48q/Documents/EMBARGO/3chap5.htm (21436 words)

	Poqo - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Poqo, which means "standing alone", was the military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress.
		It later became the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA).
		You can find it there under the keyword Poqo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poqo)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poqoandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Poqo (119 words)

	bfighter
		UMTATA -- A former member of Poqo, the PAC's armed wing, who fought a bloody battle with police in Queenstown while on his way to assassinate Paramount Chief Kaiser Matanzima, was laid to rest yesterday.
		He later joined Poqo (meaning "pure" or "alone" in Xhosa).
		He said he believed Nowalala was haunted by the message left to him by his hanged comrades, who asked the PAC to remember them on the day of liberation.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2003/01/27/easterncape/BFIGHTER.HTM (466 words)

	12 December 1962 - Poqo members on the war rampage
		Armed Poqo members were intercepted by the police while on their way to assassinate Chief Kaiser Matanzima.
		An armed clash between the police and Poqo members, led by Albert Tshweni, took place following a tip by men from Ntlonze village that their area was engulfed by strangers.
		The Poqo members who were killed were Polisa Tina, Manana Mtuta, Manyandu Moti, Nyasinile Dela, Thsonisile Skevi Daniel Nonqina, Wellington Jada and Qebele Makasa.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/thisday/1962-12-12.htm (195 words)

	5 February 1963 - Poqo members kills a White family
		In an attempt to destabilise the country and cause an uprising against the Apartheid government, members of Poqo, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania's military wing kill a White family in their caravan while they camp on the Bashee River in the Engcobo area of the Transkei, not far from Nelson Mandela's birthplace.
		Forty Africans were later arrested and twenty-two sentenced to death for the murders.
		Click here to read an article about Poqo.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/chronology/thisday/1963-02-05.htm (96 words)

	Pan Africanist Congress - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The assassination of Sibeko in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania on 12 June 1979 inaugurated the demise of the PAC.
		In 1968 PAC launched Poqo (later renamed as Azanian People's Liberation Army) as its armed wing.
		Although founded by ANC members who were profoundly anti-Communist (they particularly objected to the ANC's alliance with the (then) largely white South African Communist Party), in the 1960s the PAC adopted a Maoist positon.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pan_Africanist_Congress (514 words)

	The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania - A viable alternative or a flat spare-tyre? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Poqo's most effective base in the early 1960s was to be in the hostels of the Western Cape, among male migrant workers from the Transkei.
		Using clan and home-town networks to build Poqo cells, the migrants in the Western Cape built cohesive structures that were sometimes able to survive for two or three years in the face of massive police repression.
		This was to be in sharp contrast to Poqo cells in the Transvaal, built around pockets of known PAC intellectuals and activists, and which were quickly arrested and neutralised by the apartheid police.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/discussion/pac.html (7444 words)

	FPTC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For a sum total of nine Whites killed - only one of them a policeman, and he killed by accident - hundreds of Poqos are in jail serving thousands of years imprisonment.
		Poqo is said to have killed five White road-builders in the Transkei recently.
		The slogan POQO - 'pure' is a panicky cry of blind leaders who thrust themselves away from others and for comfort in the dark, shout out they are alone.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/ug/pam6305.html (1100 words)

	Volume THREE Chapter TWO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Nongena was one of a group of Poqo members who tried to attack the King William’s Town police station in 1963.
		Poqo activity in the Eastern Cape was concentrated in parts of Transkei, in the Queenstown area and in Graaff-Reinet (the hometown of PAC leader Robert Sobukwe).
		Seven Poqo members were killed and three police officers seriously injured in the encounter.
	www.goshen.edu /library/EMBARGO/3chap2.htm (21166 words)

	Volume TWO Chapter FOUR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Poqo was established some three months before the formation of MK and was later transformed into APLA in exile.
		Poqo gangs patrolled certain areas in the Langa Zones by night, turning them into "liberated zones" where even the police feared to tread.
		Seven Poqo members were killed in the encounter and three policemen seriously injured in what could have led to more police fatalities, but for the inability of the Poqo members to use the guns they had obtained from the police.
	www.stanford.edu /class/history48q/Documents/EMBARGO/2chap4.htm (19326 words)

	South Africa Consolidating Apartheid - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Poqo (Blacks Only), the militant wing of the PAC, engaged in a campaign of terror, targeting in particular African chiefs and headmen believed to be collaborators with the government and killing them.
		Tambo escaped from South Africa and became president of the ANC in exile.
		Robert Sobukwe of Poqo was jailed on Robben Island until 1969 and then placed under a banning order and house arrest in Kimberley until his death in 1978.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_consolidating_apartheid.html (859 words)

	c. South Africa. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The ANC formed an underground armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, under the leadership of Nelson Mandela, to carry out a campaign of sabotage against government installations.
		The PAC formed an underground armed wing, Poqo.
		South Africa became a republic, terminating ties to Britain and dropping out of the Commonwealth.
	www.bartleby.com /67/4477.html (267 words)

	Volume THREE Chapter SIX
		In late 1962, Poqo made preparations for a general uprising scheduled for 8 April 1963, with simultaneous attacks on a number of strategic targets.
		In mid-1964 the Minister of Justice confirmed that 202 Poqo members had been convicted of murder, twelve of attempted murder, 395 of sabotage, 126 of illegal departure from the country and 820 of other offences related to membership of an underground organisation.
		Most of the evidence before the Commission regarding the PAC concerned activists who were detained and tortured for their involvement in the activities of the organisation.
	www.niza.nl /trc/3chap6.htm (21497 words)

	Dispatch Online - Your premier Eastern Cape news site
		MTHATHA — The remains of a member of Poqo, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) armed wing, sentenced to death in 1967, will be reburied at his home near Cofimvaba today.
		Mzwandile Zambodla and 39 other Poqo activists were given death sentences by the Pretoria Supreme Court for their role in the Paarl uprising of November 1962.
		When Zambodla was sentenced to death he was already serving a 25-year jail sentence for his involvement in the PAC and Poqo.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2005/06/25/Easterncape/buried.html (437 words)

	Prince of Qin Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For those who still like the old style Skills page (like WhiteDragon), refer to my old skills sections too, I will try to implant it here too.
		Run by Sebastian K., his site is the first POQo's german resource.
		It has small content now, but I will try to help him as much as possible to get his site built.
	khpoqo.iwebland.com /main.html (498 words)

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