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Topic: Porencephaly

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	Porencephaly: Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
		Porencephaly is a rare condition in which fluid-filled hollows or cavities develop on the surface of the brain.
		Porencephaly cavities sometimes develop symmetrically, that is, with a cavity on one side of the brain being matched by a similar cavity on the other side.
		Because porencephaly usually follows from a disruption during development rather than from a genetic defect, it falls into a class of cerebral defects in between primary malformations (those occurring without any specific injury or trigger, and usually genetic in origin) and secondary malformations (those resulting from injury, infection, or some other external cause).
	health.enotes.com /neurological-disorders-encyclopedia/porencephaly (915 words)

	Porencephaly
		Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere.
		Individuals with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of a muscle), and mental retardation.
		The prognosis for individuals with porencephaly varies according to the location and extent of the lesions.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921449639.html (215 words)

	Porencephaly - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly, which is characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral hemispheres, and may be caused by vascular insult or injuries, infections, or traumatic disorders after the 12th week of pregnancy.
		Porencephaly most likely has a number of different, often unknown causes, including absence of brain development and destruction of brain tissue.
		Individuals with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of muscles), and mental retardation.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-Po---Q/Porencephaly.html (4016 words)

	Welcome to bridges4kids.org!
		A congenital syndrome of bilateral porencephaly, absence of the septum pellucidum, and cerebellar hypoplasia.
		Investigators at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) are seeking children with stroke, cerebral palsy, and porencephaly for a study of abnormal acquired and genetic coagulation factors.
		Eligible patients must have a history of porencephaly, cerebral infarction (stroke), and/or cerebral palsy and have a diagnosis of porencephaly or stroke confirmed by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or Doppler ultrasonography.
	www.bridges4kids.org /Disabilities/Porencephaly.html (1122 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Porencephaly is a pseudocyst secondary to an infarct or other destructive cerebral lesion(1).
		There are two types of porencephaly: (i) Type I is generally due to an antepartum intraparenchymal hemorrhage; and (ii) Type II lesions are usually due to developmental anomalies.
		Antenatal diagnosis of porencephaly by Ultrasonography is possible from the third trimester in case of congenital origin(4).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /may2002/may-495-497.htm (814 words)

	NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - Porencephaly
		Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system in which a cyst or cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid develops in the brain.
		Symptoms of porencephaly include delayed growth and development, spastic hemiplegia (slight or incomplete paralysis), hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures (often infantile spasms), and macrocephaly (large head) or microcephaly (small head).
		Children with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain), spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of the muscles), and mental retardation.
	www.medic8.com /neurological-disorders/porencephaly.htm (336 words)

	Porencephaly, familial
		Porencephaly is a disease characterized by a circumscribed intracerebral cavity of variable size which may be bordered by abnormal polymicrogyric grey matter.
		According to their topography, which usually corresponds to territories supplied by cerebral arteries, porencephaly (like schizencephaly and polymicrogyria) is thought to result from an ischemic injury, occurring at mid-gestation.
		Familial porencephaly is a very rare condition usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance.
	www.orpha.net /static/GB/porencephaly.html (183 words)

	Medcyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In children, porencephaly is manifested by focal cavities with smooth walls and minimal surrounding glial relation following destruction of a portion of the germinal matrix before the 26th gestational week.
		According to some authors, this should be called agenetic porencephaly (which is frequently accompanied by anomalies of the overlying cortex) and distinguished from encephaloplastic porencephaly that develops later in the second trimester, and from encephalomalacia (see multicystic encephalomalacia, encephalomalacia), that results from late gestational, perinatal or postnatal injuries.
		The distinction between porencephaly and encephalomalacia is possible because the mature brain reacts differently from the immature brain: in immature brain there is almost no glial reaction and for this reason the destruction of brain results in a smooth, porencephalic cyst.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_vi_1/p/PORENCEPHALY.aspx?p=1 (182 words)

	Porencephaly secondary to fetal trauma during amniocentesis -- Eller and Kuller 85 (5): 865 -- Obstetrics & Gynecology
		Porencephaly secondary to fetal trauma during amniocentesis -- Eller and Kuller 85 (5): 865 -- Obstetrics & Gynecology
		We report the first antenatal diagnosis of porencephaly, which apparently resulted from penetration of the fetal skull during amniocentesis.
		Porencephaly discovered at 28 weeks' gestation was confirmed by imaging studies in the neonatal period.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/85/5/865 (152 words)

	Researchers find genetic link to cerebral hemorrhage and porencephaly
		Researchers have suspected that the damage is the consequence of fetal trauma and/or genes affecting blood clotting that predispose to hemorrhage.
		To determine whether humans with porencephaly also have COL4A1 mutations, the researchers studied two families with a history of the disease and found the mutations.
		Since not all mice with the mutation develop porencephaly and the human disease is also variable, the researchers suggest that the weakened blood vessels in the brain could be damaged by stress on the head during birth, resulting in cerebral hemorrhage and subsequent porencephaly.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-05/jl-rfg051605.php (546 words)

	CTResearch.com
		Recent reports also suggest that these clotting abnormalities may be responsible for some instances of intracranial hemorrhage, porencephaly, cerebral palsy and fetal death.
		A diagnosis of porencephaly as defined by a fluid-filled cavity within the cerebral hemispheres which may or may not communicate with CSF spaces and confirmed by at least one imaging method including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and or Doppler ultrasonography.
		Full biological first-degree relatives of children with a history of porencephaly or stroke enrolled in the study.
	www.ctresearch.com /clinical-trial.html?trial_id=NCT00001927 (623 words)

	Porencephaly Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Treatment may include physical therapy, medication for seizures, and the placement of a shunt in the brain to remove excess fluid in the brain.
		The prognosis for children with porencephaly varies according to the location and extent of the cysts or cavities.
		The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to porencephaly in laboratories at the NIH and also support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/porencephaly/porencephaly.htm (441 words)

	Cephalic Disorders - Types - neurologychannel
		In porencephaly a cyst or cavity develops in a cerebral hemisphere.
		Porencephaly may have a number of different causes, including absence of brain development and lesions that destroy brain tissue.
		Symptoms include delayed growth and development, slight or partial paralysis, decreased muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures or spasms, macrocephaly or microcephaly, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, shrinkage or shortening of muscles, and mental retardation.
	www.neurologychannel.com /cephalicdisorders/megalencephaly.shtml (448 words)

	Healthline - Search Results For porencephaly
		Whereas schizencephaly is thought to be a primary disorder of development or neuronal migration, porencephaly is thought to be due to secondary brain damag...
		We studied familial porencephaly consistent with autosomal dominant or.
		Prothrombotic Factors in Children With Stroke or Porencephaly Lynch et al 116 2 447 Pediatrics -...
	www.healthline.com /search?q1=porencephaly (544 words)

	Porencephaly - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Porencephaly is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Porencephaly, or a subtype of Porencephaly, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
		Visit our research pages for current research about Porencephaly treatments.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /p/porencephaly/intro.htm (675 words)

	Amazon.com: Porencephaly: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Porencephaly: variable communication between ventricle and subarachnoid space + gliosis; usually...
		Medial temporal sclerosis, glial scars, porencephaly, heterotopias, and other disorders of neu- ronal migration can be...
		Meningocele Cerebrospinal fluid Myelocele Porencephaly is a condition in which an abnormal cyst or cavity...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Porencephaly&tag=betweenplanet-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (885 words)

	Porencephaly : Gourt
		MCW Health Link - An article about porencephaly, which is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere.
		Meta Description: [ Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere.
		The CaF Directory - A brief description of porencephaly along with a contact group for those residing in the UK.
	www.gourt.com /Health/Conditions-and-Diseases/Neurological-Disorders/Porencephaly.html (328 words)

	RedOrbit - Health - Scientists Find Brain Disorder Mutation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Porencephaly occurs only rarely, Gould and John said.
		Gould and John identified a strain of mouse that predictably develops cerebral hemorrhage and porencephaly.
		By studying the animals' DNA, the two found the affected mice had a mutation in the gene that produces a particular type of collagen, a fibrous protein found in connective tissue, bone and cartilage.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=151795&source=r_health (379 words)

	MedPage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		An article about porencephaly, which is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere.
		A brief description of porencephaly along with a contact group for those residing in the UK.
		A summary about porencephaly and a list of major features.
	www.medpage.com /527083.html (49 words)

	Porencephaly Neurological Disorders Conditions and Diseases Health
		- A brief description of porencephaly along with a contact group for those residing in the UK.
		- A summary about porencephaly and a list of major features.
		- An article about porencephaly, which is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/Porencephaly (52 words)

	Novel mutations in three families confirm a major role of COL4A1 in hereditary porencephaly -- Breedveld et al. 43 (6): ...
		Novel mutations in three families confirm a major role of COL4A1 in hereditary porencephaly -- Breedveld et al.
		Background: Porencephaly (cystic cavities of the brain) is caused
		in the perinatal period or have porencephaly in survivors.
	www.jmedgenet.com /cgi/content/abstract/43/6/490 (262 words)

	PORENCEPHALY : Contact a Family - for families with disabled children: information on rare syndromes and disorders
		PORENCEPHALY : Contact a Family - for families with disabled children: information on rare syndromes and disorders
		The aetiology is thought to be that there is a localised destruction of brain tissue due to a number of causes but potentially including toxaemia, maternal injuries, infection, hypoxic injury or even intra-uterine intra-cerebral haemorrhage.
		Its overall incidence is unknown, aetiology must be multi-factorial and some series suggest that there is a risk that a patient with porencephaly has at two to four per cent chance of having a child with a neural tube defect.
	www.cafamily.org.uk /Direct/p30.html (523 words)

	Symptoms of Porencephaly - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Note that Porencephaly symptoms usually refers to various symptoms known to a patient, but the phrase Porencephaly signs may refer to those signs only noticable by a doctor:
		This signs and symptoms information for Porencephaly has been gathered from various sources, may not be fully accurate, and may not be the full list of Porencephaly signs or Porencephaly symptoms.
		Furthermore, signs and symptoms of Porencephaly may vary on an individual basis for each patient.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /p/porencephaly/symptoms.htm (395 words)

	Symptoms of Porencephaly - CureResearch.com
		This symptom information has been gathered from various sources, may not be fully accurate, and may not be the full list of symptoms of Porencephaly.
		Furthermore, symptoms of Porencephaly may vary on an individual basis for each patient.
		Symptoms of Porencephaly: Signs may include delayed growth and development, spastic paresis (slight or incomplete paralysis), hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures (often infantile spasms), and macrocephaly (large head) or microcephaly (small head).
	www.cureresearch.com /p/porencephaly/symptoms_printer.htm (228 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Official Parent's Sourcebook on Porencephaly: Books: ICON Health Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This book has been created for parents who have decided to make education and research an integral part of the treatment process.
		Although it also gives information useful to doctors, caregivers and other health professionals, it tells parents where and how to look for information covering virtually all topics related to porencephaly (also), from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research.
		Selected readings from various agencies are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on porencephaly.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/external-search?tag=gtextdirecofu-21&keyword=Porencephaly&mode=books-uk (385 words)

	Cephalic Disorders - Types - neurologychannel
		Hydranencephaly is a rare and extreme form of porencephaly.
		The hemispheres of the cerebrum are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
		Schizencephaly is a form of porencephaly in which the brain's hemispheres are marked by abnormal slits or clefts.
	www.neurologychannel.com /cephalicdisorders/hydranencephaly.shtml (371 words)

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