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Topic: Porocytes

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	The Wet World of Sponges - Anatomy - Exterior Layer
		2) Porocytes- Throughout the pinacocytes, at various intervals, there are porocytes which are each associated with a pore on the surface of the sponge.
		Porocytes open the pores and are, in descriptive terms, the "doors" to the passageways, or canals, of the sponge.
		Porocytes may complement incurrent (Latin= running in) and excurrent ducts.
	library.thinkquest.org /26502/level2/Anatomy/exterior.htm (324 words)

	The Wet World of Sponges - Anatomy - Grades of Sponges
		These canals correspond to equivalently positioned porocytes on the exterior layer and passages into the spongocoel in the innermost layers of the sponge.
		Porocytes on the outer layers of the sponge maintain their uniform position, but the interior structure is slightly dissimilar.
		Porocytes are positioned abstractedly upon the pinacocyte layer.
	library.thinkquest.org /26502/level2/Anatomy/structure.htm (393 words)

	[No title]
		Characteristics of sponges include all except: a) are aquatic b) have asymmetry or radial symmetry c) have tissues d) filter water for food _C_ 37.
		Food is distributed throughout the sponge by: a) porocytes b) amoebocytes c) choanocytes d) spicules _E_ 39.
		The structural support in a sponge is provided by: a) porocytes b) amoebocytes c) choanocytes d) spicules _B_ 41.
	mason.gmu.edu /~alaemmer/bio303/exam-1key.html (1578 words)

	Sponges
		The ostia are surrounded by donut-shaped cells called porocytes that open and close to control water flow.
		During the mating season sperm are released into the water and eventually enter the porocytes of the female sponge.
		The sperm are later taken up by choanocytes, and then passed on to amoebocytes which carry them to egg cells located in the mesohyl.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/sponges.htm (678 words)

	--LE SPONGE-- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Did you know that a sponge has no organ system and is characterized by their channels and cannels that connect to the outside of their body?
		Porocytes are donut-shaped cells that surround the pores.
		These cells expand and contract as water comes in, controlling the amount of water that enters the sponge.
	www.kn.att.com /wired/fil/pages/listporiferaha.html (1867 words)

	Natural History Collections: Sycon gelatinosum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The inner lining of the body cavity is lined with choanocytes.
		Sponges feed by filtering a stream of water through porocytes embedded in the body wall.
		The water is taken by choanocytes beating their flagellae.
	www.nhc.ed.ac.uk /index.php?page=24.25.312.313.317.325 (118 words)

	Lab 2 - Porifera and Cnidaria
		The outer layer of the body is covered by flat cells called Pinacocytes.
		Scattered across the surface of the sponge are tube shaped cells (Porocytes) which allow water to flow into the sponges body.
		The water, and all the algea and organic matter carried with it, then enters to spongocoel where Choanocytes attach onto the food.
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/Lienesch/225/225lab1fall06.html (762 words)

	Discovery of 3-dimensional algae and animal embryo fossils
		Li et al (3 authors at 2 install- ations, TW CN) report the identification of sponge remains in the Early Vendian Doushantuo phosphate deposit (cf.
		The skeletons consist of siliceous monoaxonal spicules, with preserved soft tissues including the epidermis, porocytes, amoebocytes, sclerocytes, and spongocoel, and among thousands of metazoan embryos a sponge larva having a shoe-shaped morphology and dense peripheral flagella.
		The authors suggest the data indicate the calcareous sponges may have an extended history in the Late Precambrian, and that animals lived 40 to 50 million years before the Cambrian explosion.
	www.geopor.pt /GPnov/d3d.html (660 words)

	IngentaConnect Ultrastructure and embryonic development of a syconoid calcareous... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The outer layer—the pinacoderm—and atrial cavity are lined by plate-like cells (pinacocytes), and the inner choanoderm is lined by a continuous sheet of choanocytes.
		Incurrent openings of the sponge are formed by porocytes, tubular cells that join the pinacoderm to the choanoderm.
		The morphology of choanocytes and porocytes is plastic.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ivb/2006/00000125/00000003/art00001 (447 words)

	Lab 2 - Porifera and Cnidaria
		Pinacocytes - flat platelike cells that cover the outer surface.
		Porocytes - cells that form openings, through which water is drawn into the sponge.
		Archaeocytes - cells that travel through the mesophyl performing various tasks.
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/Lienesch/225/225lab1s.html (607 words)

	[No title]
		Asconoid Type - Water entering the sponge passes through ostia which are actually openings within doughnut-shaped cells called porocytes, which are found only in asconoid sponges.
		The water enters the large central cavity called the spongocoel, which is lined with choanocytes.
		Try to identify porocytes, pinacocytes, and choanocytes, or evidence of their presence (refer to S&S, pp.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_41/labporifera.doc (2251 words)

	[No title]
		The body of the sponge surrounding the spongocoel is perforated by pores; the phylum name, Porifera, means "pore-bearer".
		The outer surface of the sponge body is covered by flattened epidermal cells, pinacocytes, and the pores are formed by porocytes, cells that are perforated like a ring.
		The spongocoel is lined with flagellated choanocytes (collar cells), so called because of a collar-like extension of the cell membrane around the base of the flagellum.
	www.oglethorpe.edu /faculty/~c_baube/documents/PorifCnidPlaty07.doc (2605 words)

	Sponge skin
		They provide nutrition to the sperm penetrating through them to reach ova.
		Porocytes – open on pinacoderm and lead water through them into the spongocoel, the cavity in the sponges body.
		This is a type of cell “ through” which water flows and they have a canal passing through them to reach the spongocoel.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/9661/87228 (399 words)

	Ch. 9
		Pinacocytes may be slightly contractile and help sponge change shape.
		Some pinacocytes specialized into porocytes, which regulate water circulation (fig.
		ostia are outer openings of porocytes and lead directly to chamber called spongocoel
	www.ltcconline.net /kloss/bio212/ch__9.htm (1830 words)

	No
		Porocytes are cells with a channel through them that filter the water to exclude macroscopic debris.
		That is why sponges die in polluted waters..........their porocytes can easily get gummed up with floating debris (like plastic sheets and paper).
		Let's return to the original question and try again!
	www.delta.edu /biotutor/Tutorial.Tissues/TaxonomyGIFs/Animalia/609.html (47 words)

	Sponges
		By pumping water, they help bring oxygen and nutrients to the sponge while also removing waste and carbon dioxide.
		The second cells are the porocytes, which are cells that make up the pores of the sponge.
		Epidermal cells form the skin on the outside of the sponge.
	tolweb.org /treehouses/?treehouse_id=3431 (1216 words)

	[No title]
		Water enters through channels in elongated cells called porocytes (see arrows showing water flowing into cavity).
		Porocytes span the epidermis and mesohyl to reach the spongocoel.
		Water with food particles enters the spongocoel through the channels of the porocytes in a current generated by the beating of flagella which extend from the choanocytes.
	frcc.cc.co.us /docs/cms/Bio_112_Invertebrates_Ch_33.doc (2698 words)

	Biology 105 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In all other sponges ostia are formed between pinacocyte cells; these cells can have myofilaments, thus be contractile, and can constrict the ostial opening.
		Find the small ostia on the body wall that go through the porocytes (the porocytes are hard to discern).
		The cross sections provide a nice view of asconoid construction, with an inner layer of choanocytes, outer pinacoderm, and mesohyl (with amoebocytes and other cells) in between.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /malacology/IZ2005/LabNotes/lab2.htm (4599 words)

	Unit J — Simple Invertebrates
		Which of the following correctly describes the water flow through a sponge?
		In through the osculum and out through the porocytes.
		Which of the following is the most complete list of functions that occur by diffusion in a jellyfish?
	www.biology-study-guides.com /selftests/11_j_j.html (380 words)

	sponges
		However, some poriferan cells can contract in a similar fashion as muscle cells.
		Myocytes and porocytes which surround canal openings and pores can contract to regulate flow through the sponge.
		The asexual form of reproduction is by budding.
	www.geocities.com /sciencejanetc/7th_8th_grade/animal_kingdom/sponges.html (742 words)

	Characteristics of the Phylum Porifera
		Sponges have a feeding system unique among animals.
		They don't have mouths; instead, they have pore-bearing cells (porocytes) in their outer walls through which water is drawn.
		The large opening(s) at the top is the osculum (pl. oscula) through which water exits after it has passed through the sponge.
	www.fiu.edu /~goldberg/coralreefs/NewPorifera.htm (1754 words)

	animal1.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		What use are the above four methods of describing animals?
		What do Poriferan amoebocytes, porocytes, and choanocytes do?
		How many germ layers does a Cnidarian have?
	www.tarleton.edu /~animal/animal1.html (120 words)

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