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Topic: Porphyrin

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	Tiny Porphyrin Tubes Developed By Sandia May Lead To New Nanodevices
		The porphyrin nanotubes are micrometers in length and have diameters in the range of 50-70 nm with approximately 20 nm thick walls.
		Porphyrins are light-absorbing molecules related to chlorophyll, the active part of photosynthetic proteins and light-harvesting nanostructures (chlorosomal rods).
		Porphyrin nanotubes lack the high mechanical strength of the carbon tubes but possess a wider range of optical and electronic properties that can be exploited in making nanodevices.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/nanotech-05zc.html (1018 words)

	Porphyrin inhibition of rogue prions
		The authors of this PNAS paper do not supply any insight as why normal prion protein, but not rogue, should have a half micromolar binding constant for porphyrins and seem to have gotten on to it because of earlier sulphonylated or sulfated compounds and their own experience with this particular family of compounds.
		Porphyrins and phthalocyanines (Pcs) are tetrapyrrole compounds that possess characteristics that make them of interest as potential inhibitors.
		This aspect of the porphyrins stands in contrast to the polysulfated glycans, which are ineffective when the sulfates are removed or substituted with cationic groups (3).
	www.mad-cow.org /porphyrin.html (5877 words)

	Those red tears: porphyrin and the Norway rat
		consists of a porphyrin molecule with a cobalt ion in the middle.
		To the rat enthusiast, one porphyrin is of particular interest: the one that is secreted by the Harderian gland and appears around the rat's eyes.
		After injection with acetylcholine, for example, profuse amounts of porphyrin were secreted almost immediately and overflowed the eye to stain the eyelids within minutes.
	www.ratbehavior.org /porphyrin.htm (1158 words)

	About Porphyria: Summary of tests available for the diagnosis of porphyria
		The porphyrin precursors ALA and PBG and porphyrins are readily measured in urine.
		Porphyrins that leave the cells and appear in blood, urine and feces are mostly oxidized and appear reddish to the naked eye and are fluorescent.
		Hexa- and pentacarboxyl porphyrin are increased to a lesser degree.
	www.porphyriafoundation.com /about_por/testing/testing01e.html (2038 words)

	Porphyrin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Porphyrins combine readily with metals, coordinating with them in the central cavity.
		Some iron-containing porphyrins are called hemes; and heme-containing proteins, or hemoproteins, are found extensively in biochemistry, e.g., hemoglobin.
		This is a schematic representation of porphyrin biosynthesis, with references by EC number and the OMIM database.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Porphyrin (480 words)

	Porphyrin Summary
		In the porphyrin ring, they are linked to each other by a carbon atom that bridges from the carbon atom nearest the nitrogen atom of one ring to the carbon atom nearest the nitrogen atom of the next ring (called the alpha carbon).
		These synthetic porphyrins are often much less susceptible to photodegradation and other decomposition reactions than the biochemically derived porphyrins and have proven to be very useful in studying properties and reactions of the porphyrin ring system.
		Porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and related macrocyclic species such as the chlorophylls are noted for their very intense coloration (chlorophyll comes from the words for color and plant and cytochrome comes from the words color and cell).
	www.bookrags.com /Porphyrin (1262 words)

	2.6 Porphyrin dendrimers
		Porphyrins 154 and 156 (scheme 2.9) were prepared by statistical condensations of deprotected 116 with the appropriate aldehydes using the standard procedure.
		The resonances of the bound aryl carboxylate of the inner porphyrin appear clearly in the spectrum as a pair of doublets at 7.09 and 5.22 ppm (figure 2.40 c).
		This is an inherent property of the Ni porphyrin, with the meso resonance of the Ni porphyrin unit of 161 appearing at 9.54 ppm, whilst the corresponding free-base porphyrin peak of 159 is observed at 10.35 ppm.
	jredman.kombyonyx.com /thesis/Ch26.htm (1399 words)

	The Correlation of Oxygen Level to the Optical Response of Porphyrin
		Porphyrin is a compound that is related to plant and animal energy transfer mechanisms.
		The method of affixing the Porphyrin target to a fiber optic is not required, as the target may be constructed and added to an assay separately if there are suitable optical paths to allow the target to be illuminated by the source and viewed by the detector.
		Porphyrin presents a stable, accurate, and reproducible sensor that can perform in every Oxygen sensing application found using a Clark Cell, and many Oxygen sensing applications that are entirely hostile to this old technology.
	www.cybernalysis.com /tau/index.htm (1653 words)

	Metal ion porphyrin-containing poly(azine) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Porphyrin-Monoaldehyde--Tetrasubstituted porphyrin also containing a metal (II) ion is contacted in an aprotic organic solvent, such as 1,2 dichloroethane and excess phosphorus oxychloride and dimethylformamide and the reaction is refluxed for 1 to 30 hr, preferably about 24 hr.
		Porphyrin dialdehyde--The tetrasubstituted metal ion containing porphyrin monoaldehyde prepared above is further contacted with excess phosphorus oxychloride and dimethylformamide in a aprotic solvent such as 1,2 dichloroethane and refluxed in an anhydrous inert atmosphere for between about 6 to 48 hr, preferably about 24 hr.
		Compound I as the porphyrin dialdehyde or the porphyrin diamine is contacted with a diamine (or diamine hydrohalide) or a dialdehyde respectively, in the presence of a base and a dipolar aprotic solvent in the absence of light in an inert atmosphere.
	www.emergenthomestore.com /techcat/pressure_sensitive_tape_applicator/metal_ion_porphyrin-containing_poly_azine.html (3691 words)

	Porphyrin array exhibiting large two photon absorption property and including, as structural unit, bis ...
		Next, a porphyrin array including, as a structural unit, bis(imidazolylporphyrin metal complex) and fixed by covalent bonds and represented by the formula (4) of the present invention (which porphyrin array will also be referred to as "the covalent bond-fixed porphyrin array of the present invention", hereinafter) will be described in detail.
		The covalent bond-fixed porphyrin array of the present invention is a porphyrin array obtained by a cyclization metathesis reaction of the porphyrin array represented by the formula (1-1) of the present invention to fix the porphyrins by covalent bonds, wherein the terminal groups represented by R
		In the porphyrin array of the formula (4), the manner in which the porphyrin ring, the imidazolyl group and the core metal are bonded and configured with respect to each other is the same as that described in the formulas (1-1) and (1-2).
	freepatentsonline.com /7022840.html (9808 words)

	Fuel Cell Works Supplemental News Page
		Porphyrin nanotubes are made entirely of oppositely charged porphyrin molecules that self-assemble in water at room temperature.
		Porphyrin nanotubes lack the high mechanical strength of the carbon tubes but possess a wider range of optical and electronic properties that can be exploited in making nanodevices.
		This is unnecessary for the porphyrin nanotubes, which can be tailored to specific purposes like water-splitting by varying the type of porphyrin incorporated into the nanotube itself to obtain the desired properties.
	www.fuelcellsworks.com /Supppage2269.html (990 words)

	A Porphyrin Primer
		Porphyrins are organic pigments, of both natural and synthetic origin, all of which contain the porphyrin ring (Figure 1) as part of their structure.
		The porphyrin molecule is usually described as a union of four pyrrolic rings linked by four methine bridges to form a macrocycle.
		The coordinating environment provided by porphyrins is very flexible and can be fine-tuned to particular oxidation and spin states by varying peripheral substitution and axial ligands.
	www.chem.uni.wroc.pl /llg/mole_pp.htm (834 words)

	The Macular Degeneration Network: Photodynamic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Porphyrins are dyes which react with light to close abnormal blood vessels.
		For treatment, a porphyrin dye is injected into the patient's vein.
		After the dye travels into the abnormal subretinal blood vessels, a "non-heat-producing" laser is focused on this tissue causing the dye to activate, releasing a substance that damages (closes) the abnormal leaking blood vessels.
	www.macular-degeneration.org /porphyrin/porphyrin.html (430 words)

	Synthesis of Porphyrin-C60 Dyad with Potential Use in Solar Energy Conversion
		The 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-methoxy phenyl) porphyrin 2 was synthesized by the acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrromethane 1 and a mixture of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-acetamidobenzaldehyde in chloroform at room temperature (Scheme 2.a,b).
		The absorption spectra of the dyads and the corresponding porphyrin in toluene are shown in Figure 1.
		porphyrin 2 (fl), ester-C60 7 (green), dyad 9 (red) and of a linear combination of the spectra of 2 and 7 (blue); (B) Zn(II)amido-porphyrin 5 (fl), ester-C60 7 (green), dyad 10 (red) and of a linear combination of the spectra of 5 and 7 (blue).
	www.mdpi.org /ecsoc/ecsoc-5/Papers/a0043/a0043.htm (2559 words)

	gold porphyrin first excited singlet state, The Photochemistry and Photobiology - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Porphyrins have suitable absorption and redox properties, are reasonably chemically stable and can be prepared with a wide variety of associated functionalities that permit the incorporation of the porphyrins into large, supermolecular structures, the control of solubility, the self-assembly on surfaces and the control of excited state properties and redox potentials.
		Because of the heavy atom effect, the first excited singlet state of gold porphyrins undergoes rapid intersystem crossing to the triplet state and has been presumed, therefore, to be not kinetically competent to carry out energy and electron transfer reactions.
		This being the case, it is conceivable that the excited singlet manifold of gold porphyrins, as well as the triplet manifold, might be able to participate in energy or electron transfer processes in artificial photosynthetic molecules.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3931/is_200207/ai_n9142767 (797 words)

	Molecular Materials Group, Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL
		Porphyrins are nature's ubiquitous catalysts and carry out a remarkable spectrum of bioenergetic reactions ranging from photosynthetic energy transduction to conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons.
		Molecular engineering of synthetic porphyrins, such as the introduction of bulky or multiple peripheral substituents, yields new classes of nonplanar porphyrins with considerably altered optical, redox, magnetic, free radical and excited state properties.
		The conformationally designed synthetic porphyrins and their quasi-protein interactions thus not only begin to document the consequences of the skeletal distortions observed in vivo but also provide new classes of biomimetic chromophores and catalysts with tuneable and controllable photophysical and chemical properties.
	www.bnl.gov /cmpmsd/MolecularMaterialsGroup.asp (538 words)

	Plasma Fluorescence Scanning and Fecal Porphyrin Analysis for the Diagnosis of Variegate Porphyria: Precise ...
		porphyrin analysis for the diagnosis of VP with this cutoff.
		A tightly bound protein porphyrin complex isolated from the plasma of a patient with variegate porphyria.
		Patterns of porphyrin excretion in feces as determined by liquid chromatography; reference values and the effect of flora suppression.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/50/5/915 (4194 words)

	Summary of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins, Suslick Research Group Chemistry University of Illinois
		Porphyrins can be molecularly engineered to provide erect desirable molecular and materials properties, including very large dipole moments, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities.
		The presence of hydrophobic residues flanking a coordinated histidine dramatically increases peptide binding to the heme by a factor of nearly 6000 relative to histidine.
		For example, we are developing the use of porphyrins as non-linear optical materials and as nanoporous catalytic materials.
	www.scs.uiuc.edu /suslick/execsummporph.html (899 words)

	Rotation of Periphery Methylpyridine of meso-Tetrakis(n-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin (n = 2, 3, 4) and Its Selective ...
		porphyrin molecule is required because the minor groove is narrow.
		Comparison of the effects of cationic porphyrins on DNA properties: influence of GC content of native and synthetic polymers.
		Porphyrin assemblies on DNA as studied by a resonance light-scattering technique.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/83/1/371 (4562 words)

	eMedicine - Erythropoietic Porphyria : Article by Jeanette L Hebel, MD
		These porphyrins are released from the maturing erythrocytes into the plasma and are excreted by renal mechanisms; urine with a port-wine color is produced.
		The interaction of excess porphyrins in the skin and light radiation causes photoxidative damage of biomolecular targets that is manifested as mechanical fragility and blistering that may result in severe scarring.
		Urinary porphyrin concentrations are increased 100-1000 times and involve predominantly uroporphyrin I. Urinary excretion of uroporphyrin III and coproporphyrin III is also elevated; however, the level is less than that of the isomer I porphyrins.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic145.htm (2053 words)

	Porphyrin Analytical Tools
		Porphyrin Analytical Tools (PAT) (Rebeiz and Saab, 1995) refers to a series of computer programs that allow the performance of quantitative and qualitative manipulations of tetrapyrrole spectral fluorescence data acquired in the Data.dat format using SLM software.
		This set of equations allows the quantitative determination of the amount of divinyl (DV) and monovinyl (MV) MP(E) in diethyl ether at 77 degree K, from two fluorescence excitation spectra recorded from 380 to 500 nm at emission wavelengths of 591 and 587 nm respectively (Tripathy and Rebeiz, 1985; Rebeiz, 2002).
		This set of equations allows the quantitative determination of the amounts of divinyl (DV) and monovinyl (MV) chlorophyll(ide) b in diethyl ether at 77 degree K, from one fluorescence excitation spectrum recorded from 380 to 500 nm at an emission wavelength of 666 nm (Wu et al, 1989; Rebeiz, 2002).
	w3.aces.uiuc.edu /NRES/LPPBP/Pat.html (3058 words)

	Comprehensive Protocol for Evaluating Disorders of Porphyrin Metabolism in Chemically Sensitive Patients
		A secondary porphyrinuria or coprophyrinuria is a porphyrin abnormality that occurs secondarily to some other disease which usually test positive for some but not all of the diagnostic markers associated with true porphyrias.
		Some persons with "acute" types of porphyria excrete porphyrin substances in the urine and/or stool only in response to exposures that make them ill. Their tests are more likely to show changes in the first 2 to 3 days after the onset of a reaction.
		Disorders of porphyrin metabolism, although rare, are widely accepted by the medical community, and "porphyrinurias" have been listed by the International Classification of Diseases since 1920 (currently ICD 277.1).
	www.mcsrr.org /factsheets/porphyri.html (3395 words)

	Porphyrin Tests: Test Sample
		Porphyrin tests are assays that are used to help diagnose, and monitor a group of disorders called porphyrias.
		Porphyrias may be classified according to (1) the affected enzyme, (2) the part of the body where the excess porphyrins are produced (hepatic - associated with the liver or erythropoietic - associated with red blood cell production), or (3) the signs and symptoms of the disease (neurological/psychiatric, cutaneous, or both).
		Clinical laboratories measure porphyrins and their precursors in urine, blood, and feces.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/porphyrines/sample.html (684 words)

	Porphyrin Testing for Heavy Metals Stillpoint Center for Integrative Medicine
		Porphyrins are proteins in our body responsible for the formation of heme.
		Porphyrins are also involved in supporting cells in the liver which are responsible for detoxification.
		Mercury is the major offender and if a porphyrin profile indicates a problem in porphyrin production mercury toxicity should definitely be high on the list for causative factors.
	www.stillpointhealth.com /PorphyrinTestingforHeavyMetals.html (863 words)

	No ion too small for porphyrin binding
		Now Sessler and colleagues have made a new vanadium-based compound that incorporates an expanded porphyrin, similar to the iron-porphyrin complex found in haemoglobin.
		Expanded porphyrins are mimics of naturally occurring porphyrins - large cyclic structures that can bind metal ions.
		Chemists have previously enlarged porphyrin rings to allow them to hold larger metal atoms.
	www.rsc.org /Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2006/10/porphyrin_binding.asp (288 words)

	Porphyrin Accumulation in Mitochondria Is Mediated by 2-Oxoglutarate Carrier -- Kabe et al. 281 (42): 31729 -- Journal ...
		Porphyrin Accumulation in Mitochondria Is Mediated by 2-Oxoglutarate Carrier -- Kabe et al.
		the mechanism of mitochondrial translocation of porphyrin derivatives.
		mitochondrial accumulation of porphyrins was inhibited by 2-oxoglutarate
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/281/42/31729 (346 words)

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