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Topic: Port Arthur Prison Colony

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	Port Arthur
		Port Arthur is located on the Tasman Peninsula and is the best preserved convict penal colony in Australia and the most visited place in Tasmania.
		Prisoners were not allowed contact with each other and visitors can inspect the chapel where wooden partitions isolated each of the inmates.
		PORT ARTHUR was chosen as the site for a prison settlement in September 1830, as a place of secondary punishment for convicts who had committed serious crimes in New South Wales or Van Diemen’s Land itself, men who were seen to have no redeeming features and were treated accordingly.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /australia/tasmania/portarthur.asp (1221 words)

	Port Arthur, Tasmania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Port Arthur is a town and former convict settlement on the Tasman Peninsula, in Tasmania, Australia.
		Port Arthur is located approximately 60 km south east of the state capital, Hobart, on the Tasman Peninsula.
		Port Arthur was secured naturally by shark -infested waters on three sides and the 30m wide peninsula of Eaglehawk Neck that connected it to the mainland was crossed by fences and guarded by prison guards and dogs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania (1175 words)

	Port Arthur Massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Port Arthur Massacre is the name given to a murder spree that resulted in the deaths of 35 people, and the serious injury of 37 more in late April of 1996.
		The tragedy occurred at the ruins of the Port Arthur Prison Colony, a popular historic tourist site in the town of Port Arthur in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia.
		The massacre at Port Arthur created a tragic kinship with the Scottish town of Dunblane, which had suffered a similarly horrific event only weeks previously.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Port_Arthur_Massacre (1092 words)

	Port Arthur, Tasmania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In many ways Port Arthur was the pin-up for many of the movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.
		Port Arthur was secured naturally by shark infested waters on three sides and the 30m wide peninsula of Eaglehawk Neck that connected it to the mainland was crossed by fences and guarded by prison guards and dogs.
		Port Arthur was also the destination for, receiving many boys, some as young as nine arrested for stealing toys.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania (1194 words)

	Port Arthur Historic Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A scale model of the prison colony at its height.
		It is easy to see the extent of the destruction over the years, both from the fires and the taking of materials by the nearby town for construction there.
		The area inside the blue line was all part of the bay and had to be filled in by the prisoners before any of the buildings could be built.
	www.dm.net /~tom-b/travel/arthur10.html (68 words)

	Port Arthur, Tasmania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In many ways Port Arthur was the pin-up for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others tations around the nation.
		Port Arthur wad also the destination for juvenile convicts, receiving many boys, some as young as nine arrested for stealing toys.
		Attendance of the weekly Sunday service was compulsory for the prison population, critics of the new system noted that this and other measures seemed to have neglible impact on reformation.
	mywiseowl.com /articles/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania (1142 words)

	Port Arthur, Tasmania - About Australia
		The village of Port Arthur is often missed because of the significance of the Historic Site, but there is so much to experience in the area that you may want to consider staying overnight, particularly as entry passes to the Site are valid for two days.
		Port Arthur’s maximum average daily temperature is 18.5 degrees Celsius (65.5 degrees Fahrenheit) in January and 11.5 degrees (52 degrees Fahrenheit) in June.
		Port Arthur on the Tasman Peninsula is one of Australia's prettiest harbours and the site of a former penal colony for reoffending convicts.
	www.about-australia.com /tasmania/tasman-peninsula/destinations/port-arthur (294 words)

	STEFAN PETROW \| Policing in a Penal Colony: Governor Arthur's Police System in Van Diemen's Land, 1826-1836 \| Law and ...
		Arthur imposed severe punishments and floggings on convicts who disobeyed his regulations and many were hung for committing serious crimes, but order was also encouraged by his offer of inducements, such as a ticket of leave and a pardon, to those who behaved correctly and showed signs of reformation.
		Arthur was torn by considerations of "justice" to the Aborigines and his duty to protect the settlers.
		Arthur periodically issued instructions, aiming by this system to ensure that magistrates were not too lax or too severe and maintained control of their police forces.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/18.2/petrow.html (12345 words)

	newStandard: 4/25/96
		The old Port Arthur prison colony is on the Tasman Peninsula, connected to Tasmania's mainland by one road on a narrow isthmus.
		The prison complex is Tasmania's most popular tourist attraction after the island's parks and wilderness areas.
		Its neat green lawns surround the ivy-covered remains of a Gothic church and the crumbling sandstone ruins of the old penitentiary, where 30,000 repeat offenders, political prisoners and highly dangerous convicts were sent from 1830 to 1877.
	www.s-t.com /daily/04-96/04-29-96/1agunman.htm (811 words)

	Port Arthur, Tasmania
		As penal colony, Port Arthur was secured by shark infested waters on three sides and a thin peninsula crossed by fences and guarded by guard dogss.
		Port Arthur has been home to many reputed cases of haunting and ghosts - particually of convict origin.
		On April 29, 1996, the small community was scarred by an event known as the Port Arthur massacre, where a man named Martin Bryant opened fire, murdering 35 people.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/port_arthur__tasmania (306 words)

	Port Arthur - Wikitravel
		Port Arthur is one of the premier tourist attractions in Tasmania, the island state of Australia, about one and a half hours drive from Hobart.
		Port Arthur was first established as a timber station in 1830, supporting the infant colony of Van Diemen's Land.
		At its peak in the late 1840s, Port Arthur became a near self-sufficient settlement, driven by the labour of its tormented inmates.
	wikitravel.org /en/Port_Arthur (502 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		A penal colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm.
		The prison regime was often harsh, sometimes including severe physical punishment, so even if prisoners were not sentenced for the rest of their natural lives, many died from hunger, disease, medical neglect and excessive efforts, or during an escape attempt.
		In 1857, a penal colony was established on the island of Sakhalin.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=penal_colony (1012 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Arthur Phillip was born in Fulham in 1738, the son of Jacob Phillip, a German-born language teacher, and his English wife, Elizabeth Breach, who had remarried after the death of her previous husband, a Royal Navy captain.
		The colony was on the verge of outright starvation for an extended period.
		The colony was still very short of skilled farmers, craftsmen and tradesmen, and the convicts continued to work as little as possible, even though they were working mainly to grow their own food.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Arthur_Phillip (2055 words)

	Letters \| csmonitor.com
		And whenever prisoners were out of their cells, they wore face masks to ensure there was no nonverbal communication.
		If two prisoners were in the hallway at the same time, one had to face the wall.
		Prisoners were also not allowed to talk while in their cells.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0517/p10s02-cole.htm (641 words)

	Port Arthur Massacre
		The murder spree (see spree killing) began at a guesthouse outside of Port Arthur, where Bryant murdered the elderly couple who owned the business.
		However, he was also able to obtain both car and gun licences (a matter which, in the public debate that followed, was widely regarded as a telling demonstration of the inadequecy of the nation's gun laws), and was assessed to be fit to stand trial as a mentally competent adult.
		The details of the Port Arthur massacre were, in the months after the massacre, shown in greater detail in overseas news than in the Tasmanian media.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/port_arthur_massacre (802 words)

	Port Arthur travel guide - Wikitravel
		Port Arthur[1] is a small town and former penal settlement in Tasmania, the island state of Australia, about one and a half hours drive from the state capital Hobart.
		Port Arthur was first established as a timber station in 1830, supporting the infant colony of Van Diemen's Land.
		At its peak in the late 1840s, Port Arthur became a near self-sufficient settlement, driven by the labour of its tormented inmates.
	www.wikitravel.org /en/Port_Arthur (645 words)

	The ghosts of port arthur
		Those who committed serious offences in the colony could expect to be sent to either Macquarie Harbour or Port Arthur, places of secondary punishment, chosen for their remoteness which made escape almost impossible.
		From 1830 to 1877 it was the cemetery for the convict settlement.
		1769 prisoners are buried in mass graves on the lower slopes of the island and 180 free people are buried in individual plots higher up the slope.
	ks.essortment.com /ghostsportarth_rnas.htm (1486 words)

	Historical Encyclopedia of WA - WA Snapshots
		The parent body supplied the infant colony with bibles as early as 1837, but formation of the Society’s first (short lived) Agency came at the initiative of Miss E. Clifton of Bunbury, in 1871, although not until 1884 was it established in Perth with the Anglican Archbishop of Perth, as president.
		Colonial settlement in the 1850s led to the indigenous communities being savaged by disease and frontier conflict.
		At the same time the press learnt of the grant in the colony that had been reserved for Thomas Peel, and some newspapers used it as a means of attacking Robert Peel, then Home Secretary, for alleged favouritism to his relative.
	www.encyclopedia.uwapress.uwa.edu.au /wa_snapshots (9971 words)

	Convicts To Australia ... Research Guide - Timeline
		In 1849 the colony was proclaimed a British penal settlement and the first convicts arrived in 1850.
		Rottnest Island, off the coast of Perth, became the colony's convict settlement in 1838 and was used for local colonial offenders.
		In 1842 it became a crown colony and on 22/07/1861 its area was extended westwards to its present boundary and more area was taken from New South Wales.
	members.iinet.net.au /~perthdps/convicts/res-03.html (1120 words)

	Convicts and the British colonies in Australia - Australia's Culture Portal
		From 1788 to 1823, the Colony of New South Wales was officially a penal colony comprised mainly of convicts, marines and the wives of the marines.
		Convicts formed the majority of the colony's population for the first few decades, and by 1821 there was a growing number of freed convicts who were appointed to positions of trust and responsibility as well as being granted land.
		In 1824, the penal colony at Redcliffe was established by Lieutenant John Oxley.
	www.acn.net.au /articles/convicts (1968 words)

	CNN - Gunman kills at least 34 in Australia - April 29, 1996
		PORT ARTHUR, Australia (CNN) -- A gunman with a semi-automatic rifle killed at least 34 people in Australia's worst massacre before being arrested Monday when he ran out of a burning cottage where he had held police at bay for 12 hours.
		Richard Mazengarb, of Port Arthur's tourist authority, said the killing spree would have a "detrimental effect" on the typically quiet, laid-back peninsula.(111K AIFF sound or 111K WAV sound)
		The prison is Tasmania's most popular tourist attraction, located on the Tasmanian Peninsula in the southeastern part of the state.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9604/29/australia.shooting (508 words)

	Port Arthur, Tasmania
		Location of the prison makes escapes pretty difficult, three sides of isle was water and here was only narrow line of land connecting Port Arthur with the rest of Tasmania.
		Prisoners were so scared of ocean, they have not tried to swim away from Port Arthur.
		Port Arthur is one of the greatest tourist attractions in Tasmania.
	www.ozshots.com /20050328_Port_Arthur (658 words)

	Port Arthur massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Port Arthur Massacre is the name given to a tragedy that occurred on the afternoon of April 29, 1996, that resulted in the deaths of 35 people, and the serious injury to 37 more.
		The tragedy occurred at the ruins of the Port Arthur Prison Colony[?], a popular historic tourist site in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia.
		After his imprisonment, several prisoners boasted of their intentions to murder Bryant in jail.
	www.factbase.info /po/port-arthur-massacre.html (595 words)

	Tasmania • Tours To Go
		The Penal colony of Port Arthur was founded before the turn of the 19th century and since, Tasmania has grown into a thriving state with agriculture, fishing, ship building and tourism as its commercial mainstays.
		Port Arthur is a beautiful harbour with a tragic past on the Tasman Peninsular.
		A former penal colony, its brooding ruins reflect in the calm waters of the bay.
	www.tourstogo.com.au /pages/destinations/tasmania (450 words)

	Port Arthur: Gun-mad maniac slept with a pig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Port Arthur: Gun-mad maniac slept with a pig
		He sickened neighbours and former friends around the penal colony of Port Arthur by his obsession with firearms and constant threats to shoot people.
		Bryant sprayed bullets into a cafe at the site of the colonial prison where thousands of Irish convicts once suffered a miserable life in chains.
	www.geniac.net /portarthur/gunmad.htm (486 words)

	Port Arthur: Seconds from death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Port Arthur became the scene of a horrific massacre in just a few bloody minutes yesterday.
		The gunman draws up at the Port Arthur penal colony in a VW car, climbs out carrying a sports bag and begins to chat to passing tourists.
		He moves on to the Seascape guest house, about three miles from Port Arthur, and takes the owners and guests hostage.
	www.geniac.net /portarthur/seconds.htm (198 words)

	Port Arthur Historic Site - Tasmania - Australia
		Port Arthur is one of Australia's great tourism destinations.
		Every building, every feature of Port Arthur Historic Site has a story to tell.
		Created with convict labour, the impressive architecture, delightful gardens and chilling prison facilities survive today for you to explore.
	www.portarthur.org.au (79 words)

	Criminal Justice Resources Resources: Corrections
		Prisoners in these prisons are caged for arbitrary lengths of time, sometimes years, in total isolation in conditions that violate the United Nations' Standard Minimum Rules for the treatment of prisoners.
		The study found that the recidivism rate among prisoners released unconditionally was virtually the same as that among "mandatory parolees," or prisoners for whom parole is part of a fixed sentence: 62 percent of the former and 61 percent of the latter were re-arrested at least once within two years.
		PLN is aimed at prisoners and their friends and loved ones on the outside, with the goal of helping prisoners and their supporters organize themselves to have a voice, and to be a progressive force in developing a public policy debate around the issue of crime and punishment.
	www.lib.msu.edu /harris23/crimjust/correct.htm (12392 words)

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