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Topic: Portable Distributed Objects

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	Portable Distributed Objects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the time PDO was one of a number of distributed object systems, which was, for a time in the early 1990s, the "next big thing" in programming.
		PDO on the other hand relied on a small number of features in the Objective C runtime to handle both portability as well as distribution.
		PDO continues to be used by Mac OS X programmers as a method for interprocess and interapplication communication, and communication between networked applications that only need compatibility with other Mac OS X applications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portable_Distributed_Objects (670 words)

	Object Oriented Development
		Object Oriented systems development is an extension of structured programming: Object Oriented development emphasizes the benefits of modular and reusable computer code and modeling real-world objects, just as structured programming emphasizes the benefits of properly nested structures.
		Object Oriented programming is 95 percent philosophy and 5 percent technology; programmers trained to think in object technology terms can use existing procedural languages to do many of the tasks that were once thought to require C++ or Smalltalk.
		Object Oriented analysis and design methodologies and the use of CASE technology are extensive in the Object Oriented world.
	netmation.com /exp0028.htm (1113 words)

	Java Distributed Computing: Chapter 3. Distributing Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Distributed objects are a potentially powerful tool that has only become broadly available for developers at large in the past few years.
		Additional features found in some distributed object schemes are the ability to construct an object on one host and transmit it to another host, and the ability for an agent on one host to create a new object on another host.
		Depending on the architecture of the distributed object system, the object manager might be located on the host serving the objects, or its functions might be distributed between the client and the server, or it might reside completely on a third host, acting as a liaison between the object client and the object server.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/javadc/chapter/ch03.html (10303 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Distributed Applications and NeXT's PDO \| July 22, 2001
		Distributed Objects and Portable Distributed Objects enable developers to efficiently construct, operate, and maintain complex client/server applications in a heterogeneous computing environment.
		The Distributed Object system, which is a set of classes that manages the brokering of server objects and provides transparent connections to remote objects in the network.
		These units often can be relatively easily distributed across multiple machines because of their clean interfaces to other objects, and their locality of reference will foster better performance in a distributed environment.
	www.ddj.com /184409415 (3480 words)

	BYTE.com
		Objects are units of code and data that communicate by sending and receiving messages.
		When built correctly, the objects in a system are highly interchangeable, and it can be a relatively straightforward task to swap remote objects for local objects and thereby extend object communication across a network.
		PDO for HP-UX, which shipped in mid-November, contains the Objective C language compiler (i.e., the language in which NextStep objects are written) as well as code for handling distributed object requests.
	www.byte.com /art/9401/sec8/art6.htm (4986 words)

	Introduction to CORBA
		Distributed application developers must address a number of issues that can be taken for granted in a local program where all logic executes in the same operating system process.
		Distributed objects are identified by object references, which are typed by IDL interfaces.
		Another difference from a local Java object is that the life time of the CORBA object is not tied to the process in which the client executes, nor to the process in which the CORBA object executes.
	java.sun.com /developer/onlineTraining/corba/corba.html#anchor311757 (6862 words)

	Cocoa Dev Central: Getting Started With Portable Distributed Objects (PDOs)
		A Distributed Object is an object that other objects may access even if they're outside it's own thread.
		Since Distributed Objects works between processes, it would be logical to assume that you could use it between threads in the same process..
		To vend objects across a network, you have to decide on a TCP port to use.
	cocoadevcentral.com /articles/000062.php (2182 words)

	Advanced Systems - February 1995 - Column
		It works by creating two types of auxiliary objects: EOControllers, which are interfaces between objects and their representations in the user interface (for example, an EOController updates an object's state if the user changes a corresponding field on the screen); and EOAssociations, which are links between EOControllers and the actual objects.
		Once an object is fetched, other objects that have relationships to it are modified so that they point to the new object with a standard Objective-C ID, that is, a simple memory reference.
		This feature is a vitally important solution to the "impedance mismatch" problem between relations and objects, which results from the fact that a simple "pointer chase" in the object world normally corresponds to a time-consuming join in the underlying relational database.
	sunsite.cs.msu.su /sunworldonline/asm-02-1995/asm-02-cs.html (1343 words)

	DCE and Objects
		When the object is not active, its data may be stored (or, in object jargon, made persistent) in a file or a relational database or even a database specifically designed to store objects.
		Objects that share the same interface or even some of the same methods can use polymorphism to keep their users' lives as simple as possible.
		Distributed object computing was possible in a multi-vendor environment, but it required that only a single vendor's ORB be used on all systems.
	www.opengroup.org /dce/info/dce_objects.htm (6001 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Implementing Distributed Objects \| July 22, 2001
		Applications that use distributed objects rely on an application-enabling foundation that provides the mechanisms for object distribution.
		Portable Distributed Objects (PDO) is a distributed-object facility intended to run on a number of platforms (such as Solaris and HP-UX) and interoperate with the native Distributed Objects (DO) facility in NextStep.
		Thus, using objects in the normal fashion results in a memory leak each time a string is passed back or forth.
	www.ddj.com /184409611 (3377 words)

	Understanding Distributed Systems
		Also, in a distributed system you have to deal with the possibility that suddenly an object you were communicating with just isn't there any more.
		The real use about the distributed object stuff, like RPC before it, is that it cuts down a lot of the networking, event-handling, marshalling, etc, code you used to have to write, and both client and server code get much simpler.
		In a distributed system it is very easy for the number of clients to grow arbitrarily making it so the server has to be able to constrain consumers in a way to preserve real-time, memory, bandwidth, etc.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?UnderstandingDistributedSystems (1928 words)

	Infospheres Group - (Distributed Technologies) - Caltech
		User interface objects such as sliders, buttons, and text editors - as well as the "layout" objects used to compose them - can mix arbitrarily in Fresco with graphical objects (those that perform graphical transformations).
		Fresco uses a standard object model, _CORBA_, which allows for object distribution and provides a standardized, high-level notation called IDL for object definition.
		DOME is a complete distributed object-oriented architecture with class libraries, application development tools and run-time environment.
	www.infospheres.caltech.edu /resources/dist_tech.html (838 words)

	Co-Mining Technology
		Furthermore, Intelligent Agents or Intentional Robots are implemented in the network, who are capable of processing and upgrading those objects from different points of view or intentions, implementing the knowledge and the know how of human experts.
		"dt" is a "Portable Distributed Object" which acts as a mobile intelligence, traveling in the global cyberspace and taking "micro-decisions" to link information distributed in space and in time.
		It tracks distributed events on the stock markets to detect opportunities or threats or it links relevant, global information distributed in several intelligence services data bases in the word.
	www.comining.com (773 words)

	ThirdM.Com - Interoperable Web Services by H. Peter Alesso (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is an implementation of XML that represents one common set of rules about how data and commands will be represented and extended.
		SOAP consists of three parts: an envelope (a framework for describing what is in a message and how to process it), a set of encoding rules (for expressing instances of application-defined data types), and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses.
		Java source code is compiled to produce object code, known as bytecode (which is analogous to Microsoft IL code).
	www.thirdm.com /articles/alesso.htm (1838 words)

	The NEXTSTEP/OpenStep FAQ -- 3.7 to 3.8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With PDO it is possible to deploy objects on non-NEXTSTEP server machines and therefore deployed anywhere in a network, wherever they are most appropriate for a task.
		PDO encapsulates low-level network protocols, making messaging a remote object as straightforward as messaging a local object.
		Because PDO makes object location completely transparent to the application, the application communicates with every object the same way regardless wether it is local, in the local network or anywhere in the world.
	www.koplien.de /henry/NeXT/NeXTFAQ/NeXTFAQ.035.html (257 words)

	BYTE.com
		This specification was implemented by Next as a group of object frameworks and supporting tools that are analogous to the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) and Metrowerks' PowerPlant library.
		Distributed Objects (DOs) are an integrated part of Yellow Box, but they don't belong to a framework per se -- any class developed with Yellow Box is potentially d istributable.
		This lets such compute-intensive objects reside on high-powered servers and interoperate with any Yellow Box object on a network.
	www.byte.com /art/9707/sec4/art3.htm (1496 words)

	Portable Objects
		Portable Objects V1.0 For Delphi and C++ Builder Released
		Portable Objects is a tool set for building distributed applications.
		The Persistences Framework is used to marshal method call parameters, and SOMBA as the communications layer.
	www.portable-objects.com (125 words)

	Insights » In Search of Portable Interoperability
		This statement is perfectly within the goals of JMS as a portable API for enterprise messaging.
		However, I think the people behind CORBA knew that they wouldn’t really have portable distributed objects without specifying all of these things.
		Most people see it as a way to invoke remote objects over HTTP, rather than as a way to embrace asynchronous messaging on the scale of the Internet, so that hurdle needs to be jumped first.
	atownley.org /2005/11/in-search-of-portable-interoperability (2671 words)

	Open Step
		Their goal was to write the Next Big Thing -- a fully integrated operating system, windowing environment, and development environment that they were to call NextStep.
		The system was object oriented from the start, top to bottom, largely using a then-little-known (and now-little-used) language called ObjectiveCee.
		A "Java bridge" was also included which allowed transporting objects to and from the Objective-C and Java environments.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?OpenStep (570 words)

	Enterprise Integration and Application Architecture Solutions at Datamation
		The next step is to start building distributed applications that can reuse separate modules of an app.
		Even the Object Management Group--formed specifically to prevent the middleware madness that's possible in a multiplatform client/server system--has yet to reconcile the differences among IBM's and Apple's OpenDoc and DSOM, Microsoft's NETWORK OLE and COM, NeXT's PDO and Enterprise Objects, Sun's ONC and DOE, and HP's DOMF, just to mention a few.
		What matters to developers these days is that it soon will matter not what your physical architecture is. It will matter not where you locate the various components or partitions of your applications.
	itmanagement.earthweb.com /entdev/print.php/602701 (1321 words)

	Jobs & Co. at work on objects - Next Computer Inc's Portable Distributed Objects 4.0 extensions to the OpenStep ...
		Next Computer Inc., Redwood City, Calif., recently announced extensions to the OpenStep object-oriented programming environment including support for Windows, a universal object request broker, and a new set of software tools for developing Internet WWW applications.
		Portable Distributed Objects (PDO) 4.0 is scheduled to ship in H2/96 and will support Corba 2.0 and Distributed OLE, which Next calls D'OLE.
		Next is planning on selling D'OLE as a standalone component for those companies that want it.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0SMG/is_n10_v15/ai_17633941 (180 words)

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