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	Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers - Pa-St
		Portal vein bypass surgery diverts blood from the portal vein into another vein.
		It is performed when pressure in the portal vein is so high that it causes internal bleeding from blood vessels in the esophagus.
		The chemical causes the vein to become inflamed, which leads to the formation of fibrous tissue and closing of the lumen, or central channel of the vein.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /Pa-St (2741 words)

	Portal vein bypass
		The portal vein carries blood from the stomach and abdominal organs to the liver.
		Portal vein bypass is usually performed as an emergency operation in a hospital under general anesthesia.
		A catheter is threaded into the portal vein, and an expandable balloon or wire mesh is inserted to divert blood from the portal vein to the hepatic vein.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/portal_vein_bypass.jsp (660 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 681
		conveyed to the inferior vena cava by the hepatic veins.
		In the adult the portal vein and its tributaries are destitute of valves; in the fetus and for a short time after birth valves can be demonstrated in the tributaries of the portal vein; as a rule they soon atrophy and disappear, but in some subjects they persist in a degenerate form.
		The superior hemorrhoidal vein leaves the lesser pelvis and crosses the left common iliac vessels with the superior hemorrhoidal artery, and is continued upward as the inferior mesenteric vein.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page681.html (716 words)

	CT findings of portal vein aneurysm caused by gastric adenocarcinoma invading the portal vein -- Yang et al. 74 (883): ...
		and splenic veins, or at the hepatic hilus at the bifurcation
		Aneurysm of the intrahepatic branch of the portal vein.
		In utero diagnosis of a portal vein aneurysm.
	bjr.birjournals.org /cgi/content/full/74/883/654 (857 words)

	Portal vein Information
		The portal vein is a vein in the human body that drains blood from the digestive system and its associated glands.
		Increased blood pressure in the portal vein, portal hypertension, occurs in liver disease (mainly cirrhosis), and may lead to various complications (ascites, esophageal varices, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis).
		A disruption of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal veins is referred to as Pickardt syndrome (suprasellar failure).
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Portal_vein (399 words)

	Portal vein thrombosis - Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago, IL)
		Portal hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure in the portal vein.
		The portal vein is the blood vessel that brings all of the blood from the intestines to the liver.
		Portal vein thrombosis is only one cause of portal hypertension, and usually happens in children whose liver is otherwise normal.
	www.childrensmemorial.org /depts/gastroenterology/liver/portalHypertension.asp (1010 words)

	Portal Hypertension
		Portal hypertension is, in simple terms, elevated pressure in the portal vein and it occurs when blood flow meets increased resistance in the hepatic sinusoids.
		The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins.
		Increased portal venous blood flow is an uncommon cause of portal hypertension, however; since large collaterals are found in patients with high portal pressure, either resistance in the collaterals is higher than believed or there is an abnormally high portal venous inflow which maintains the high pressure in the portal vein and its collaterals.
	www.fmhs.uaeu.ac.ae /fmsa/hyper.htm (1721 words)

	Liver: Portal Hypertension Surgery
		Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the veins of abdominal organs.
		The primary vein that carries blood from the abdominal organs to the liver is called the portal vein.
		During this operation the surgical connection between the portal vein or its branches and the vena cava (low-pressure vein caring blood from lower extremities and kidneys to the heart) or its branches is created.
	www.livertransplant.org /portalhypertensionsurgery.html (294 words)

	Portal Hypertension
		Portal hypertension is defined as blood pressure in the portal vein that exceeds 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
		The increase in portal vein pressure is caused by buildup of scar tissue in a damaged liver.
		Portal hypertension is high blood pressure in the portal vein, the blood vessel that connects the intestines and the liver.
	www.mohawkvascular.com /handler.cfm?event=practice,template&cpid=2305 (529 words)

	Portosystemic Shunts: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology - Diagnosis - Treatment
		The vitelline vein gives rise to the extrahepatic portal vein, hepatic sinusoids, and hepatic portion of the caudal vena cava; the caudal cardinal vein gives rise to the extrahepatic vena cava and azygous vein; and the umbilical vein gives rise to the intrahepatic portal vein and ductus venosus.
		The portal vein is exposed at the base of the mesoduodenum by elevating the duodenum and retracting it to the left.
		Extrahepatic shunts are usually found by examining the portal vein and caudal vena cava or the lesser curvature and dorsal surface of the stomach.
	maxshouse.com /portosystemic_shunts_pathogenesis_and_pathophysiology.htm (1993 words)

	Liver: Portal Hypertension Surgery
		Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the veins of abdominal organs.
		The primary vein that carries blood from the abdominal organs to the liver is called the portal vein.
		During this operation the surgical connection between the portal vein or its branches and the vena cava (low-pressure vein caring blood from lower extremities and kidneys to the heart) or its branches is created.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /divisions/hep/portalhypertensionsurgery.html (294 words)

	Portal Hypertension
		Portal hypertension is an increase in the pressure within the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver).
		Portal hypertension may also be caused by thrombosis, or clotting in the portal vein.
		During the surgery, the vein from the spleen (called the splenic vein) is detached from the portal vein and attached to the left kidney (renal) vein.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/0200/0252.asp?index=4912 (1631 words)

	Portal Vein Bypass Information on Healthline
		Portal vein bypass is usually performed as an emergency operation in a hospital under general anesthesia.
		In splenorenal shunting, the splenic vein (a part of the portal vein), is connected to the renal vein.
		A catheter is threaded into the portal vein, and an expandable balloon or wire mesh is inserted to divert blood from the portal vein to the hepatic vein.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/portal-vein-bypass-1 (664 words)

	AR Online » Case Reports » MRI » Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) with small-bowel gangrene
		In this case, the lumen of the portal vein is echogenic because of intraluminal thrombosis.
		Portal vein thrombosis is the most common cause of prehepatic portal hypertesion and occurs in equal frequency in children and adults, representing approximately 50% of cases.
		The portal vein, which is formed from the conﬂuence of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, serves as the common venous drainage of the small and large bowel.
	www.appliedradiology.com /case/case.asp?Id=535&IssueID=121&CatID=29&SubCatID=191&ThreadID=&Quiz= (1506 words)

	AR Online » CT & CTA » Abdominal » Giant portal vein and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) aneurysm
		The portal vein aneurysm was seen on ultrasound examination of the gallbladder, which was the ﬁrst diagnostic study (ﬁgure 1).
		The portal vein is visualized routinely in virtually all CT and 97% of ultrasound examinations of the abdomen, unless it is thrombosed or compressed by underlying pathology.
		The detailed evaluation of aneurysms of the portal vein and SMV demonstrate the importance of their anatomy, size and shape, and the presence or absence of thrombi, mural thickening, or calciﬁcations, since they may thrombose or rupture.
	www.appliedradiology.com /case/case.asp?Id=528&IssueID=57&CatID=43&SubCatID=97&ThreadID=&Quiz= (1182 words)

	Portal Hypertension - Children's Hospital Boston
		Portal hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure in the portal vein, the primary vein which brings blood from the intestine to the liver.
		During this operation, the surgical connection between the portal vein or its branches and the vena cava (vein carring blood from the lower extremities and kidneys to the heart) or its branches is created.
		The long-term outlook for a child with portal hypertension depends heavily on the underlying cause of liver disease and the extent of liver damage.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1469/printerfriendlypageS1469P0.html (792 words)

	Portal Vein Thrombosis: Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Portal vein thrombosis is a blockage (by a blood clot) of the portal vein, which brings blood to the liver.
		Portal vein thrombosis can be caused by any blood clotting disorder or by any condition that backs up blood in the portal vein, such as Budd-Chiari syndrome, chronic heart failure (see Heart Failure), or chronic constrictive pericarditis (see Pericardial Disease: Chronic Pericarditis).
		Surgery may be performed to create a connection (shunt) between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava, causing blood flow to bypass the liver, thereby reducing the pressure in the portal vein.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec10/ch138/ch138e.html (619 words)

	Portal Hypertension: Manifestations of Liver Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Portal hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure in branches of the portal vein, the large vein that brings blood from the intestine to the liver.
		Portal hypertension leads to the development of new veins (called collateral vessels) that directly connect the portal blood vessels to the general circulation, bypassing the liver.
		Portal hypertension often causes the spleen to enlarge because the pressure interferes with blood flow from the spleen into the portal blood vessels.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec10/ch135/ch135d.html (850 words)

	Ask Dr. Stephan Moll - Portal Vein Thrombosis, Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis, Budd-Chiari Syndrome
		The portal vein is the major vein in the abdomen that collects the blood from the intestine and the spleen and channels it into the liver (see figure).
		Within the liver the portal vein splits into 2 major branches, the left and the right portal vein, and then into a fine meshwork of very small vessels that bring the blood in close contact with the liver cells.
		Portal vein thrombosis is a rare condition, affecting both children and adults.
	www.fvleiden.org /ask/34.html (1343 words)

	Bleeding esophageal varices on MedicineNet.com
		Bleeding from varices is a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension.
		Portal hypertension is an increase in the pressure within the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) due to blockage of blood flow throughout the liver.
		The stent connects the hepatic vein with the portal vein.
	www.medicinenet.com /bleeding_varices/article.htm (623 words)

	Portal cavernoma (cavernous transformation of the portal vein) : SHEILA SHETH, MD
		Cavernous transformation of the portal vein (also called portal cavernoma) occurs when the native portal vein is thrombosed and myriads of collateral channels develop in the porta hepatis to bypass the occlusion.
		In cirrhosis, cavernous transformation of the portal vein is rare because stasis of portal venous flow prevents the formation of collateral channels in and around the portal venous thrombus.
		Portal cavernoma is an important cause of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children or young adults in developing countries, likely due to the high incidence of neonatal umbilical sepsis and dehydration.
	www.sonoworld.com /Cases/Cases.aspx?CaseID=209&CategoryId=2 (609 words)

	CT proves valuable in portal vein thrombosis
		Multislice CT has certain advantages over ultrasound in the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis, and clinicians are beginning to notice, according to an educational poster at the 2005 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology meeting in Florence.
		Portal vein visualization is difficult in cirrhotic patients, due to sound attenuation, and may be improved with contrast agents.
		This appearance occurs during the hepatic arterial phase in the main portal vein lumen and is due to mixed flow from the enhanced splenic vein return and the nonenhanced superior mesenteric vein return,” the authors said.
	www.dimag.com /practicalct/article/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=172901499&art_type= (523 words)

	adlitipd (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The main trunk of the portal vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas at the level of the second lumbar vertebra by the junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins (2, 7, 8, 16).
		The splenic vein traverses the lienorenal ligament with the splenic artery and the tail of the pancreas.
		The length of the portal vein and the diameters of the portal vein, superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein were measured.
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~hanci/adlitipd.html (1439 words)

	eMedicine - Portal Vein Thrombosis : Article by Ali Nawaz Khan
		Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is being recognized with increasing frequency with the use of ultrasonography.
		The portal vein forms behind the neck of the pancreas with the union of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins.
		Esophageal varices that consist of dilated submucosal veins in the lower esophagus occur chiefly as a consequence of portal hypertension, mostly in cirrhosis.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic571.htm (3681 words)

	Portal Vein Hypertension -- eCureMe.com
		is a condition in which there is an increase in the pressure within the portal vein.
		The portal vein is the main vein that feeds blood into the liver.
		Portosystemic shunting is where the blood from the portal vein is diverted around the liver and back into the heart.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/data/Portal_Vein_Hypertension.asp (1139 words)

	Variceal Bleeding Management Procedures
		Portal hypertension causes veins to enlarge, and varices to develop across the esophagus and stomach from the destruction to portal vein blood flow through the liver.
		During the TIPS procedure, a radiologist makes a tunnel through the liver with a needle, connecting the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) to one of the hepatic veins (the three veins that carry blood from the liver).
		A radiologist makes a tunnel through the liver with a needle, connecting the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) to one of the hepatic veins (the three veins that carry blood from the liver).
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/1900/1930.asp?index=4721 (909 words)

	Li (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Various groups of veins from the lower esophagus, stomach, small intestine, spleen, pancreas, large intestine and rectum merge together to form the big portal vein at the hilus of the liver.
		In portal hypertension the portal blood flows back to the splenic vein, spleen, gastro-splenic veins, extrinsic gastro-esophageal veins, intrinsic esophageal veins which become varicose and drain upward through the thoracic and cervical esophagus into the azygos and inferior thyroid veins and into the systemic veins.
		The thoracic duct that drains lymph from liver, stomach, pancreas, intestine, originates from the upper pole of the cisterna chyli at the level of the inferior border of the 12th thoracic vertebra.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/orfpath/li1.htm (1263 words)

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