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Topic: Portobelo, Panama

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Spanish treasure fleet

Spanish Empire

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Caribbean

	Panama Viejo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Panama La Vieja (Old Panama) is the name used for the architectural vestiges of the Monumental Historic Complex of the first Spanish city founded on the Pacific coast of the Americas by Pedro Arias de Avila on 15 August 1519.
		Portobelo became one of the most important points in the transfer of gold and silver because of its system of fairs and galleons.
		Portobelo is located on the Caribbean coast of the province of Colon about halfway between the Panama Canal and the San Blas archipelago.
	www.dianascorner.homestead.com /Panamaviejo.html (1817 words)

	Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1519 the population of Santa María moved to the new town of Panama (the first European settlement on the west coast of the hemisphere), which became the centre of commercial activity and the springboard for the conquest of Peru.
		Panama town and Portobelo continued to attract the attention of English raiders, however, and disastrous consequences befell both settlements.
		Portobelo was rebuilt in 1751, but by then the Spanish galleons had begun to use the route around Cape Horn, accelerating the city's decline through loss of trade.
	www.dianascorner.homestead.com /Panama.html (1213 words)

	Portobelo, Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Portobelo (formerly Puerto Bello) is a port town in ColÃ³n Province, Panama.
		Portobelo's economy was severely damaged, and did not recover until the building of the Panama Canal.
		Today, Portobelo is a sleepy town with a population of fewer than 5000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portobelo,_Panama (267 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Panama, 1550-1821
		Panama was of strategic importance, an area of eminent importance during the Spanish conquest of South America.
		In 1666 buccaneer HENRY MORGAN took Portobelo; in 1671, Morgan, believing England to be still at war with Spain, crossed the isthm and took the city of Panama.
		Panama continued to be exposed to naval attacks, Portobelo being seized by the English in 1739, CHAGRES in 1740, to be restored to Spain in the TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (= Aachen) in 1748.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centramerica/panama15501821.html (540 words)

	History of the Panama Railroad-Overview
		With the final destruction of Nombre de Dios by Francis Drake, the atlantic terminus of the trans-isthmian route was moved to the hamlet of Portobelo.
		Panama's prosperity was at its peak during the first part of the seventeenth century.
		Old Panama, that populous city containing before its destruction twelve thousand buildings, cathedrals with plate fillings of solid gold, eight monasteries, the Royal Palace of the Viceroy, two hundred palatial residences, the hospital, the King's stable and a slave market, lay in utter ruin.
	www.trainweb.org /panama/historyb.html (1838 words)

	AllRefer.com - Portobelo (Panama Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Portobelo, &sp; Porto Bello [both: pOr´´t O bel´ O ] Pronunciation Key, or Puerto Bello [pw A r´t O b A ´y O ] Pronunciation Key, town, central Panama, on the Caribbean Sea.
		A thriving colonial city, it was connected by a stone highway with Panama city; both ports were the points of transshipment for riches from the Spanish Pacific domains.
		Believed impregnable : Sir Francis Drake died of fever before he could capture it and was secretly buried in the bay : Portobelo was, nevertheless, sacked by English buccaneers (William Parker in 1601, Sir Henry Morgan in 1688, and Edward Vernon in 1739).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Portobel.html (232 words)

	Portobelo/Portobello
		Portobelo was the port of entry and of exit for all of South America.
		Portobelo suffered its first attack in 1596, even before it was officially founded, at the hands of Sir Frances Drake who died of fever before he could capture it and was secretly buried at sea off the entrance to the harbor.
		Portobelo itself is very old and was not considered a "real" tourist town in 1974 but as you will note, it does have a number of artifacts and structures worth seeing.
	panamaliving.com /portobello.html (830 words)

	Portobelo, Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Portobelo (formerly Porto Bello) is a port in Panama.
		From the 16th to the 18th centuries it was an important silver-exporting port in New Granada on the Spanish Main and one of the ports on the route of the Spanish treasure fleets.
		Porto Bello's economy was severely damaged, and did not recover until the building of the Panama Canal.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/p/po/portobelo__panama.html (155 words)

	AllRefer.com - Panama, country, Central America : History : Early History and Spanish Control (Panama Political ...
		Panama was densely inhabited by different indigenous peoples before the arrival of the Spanish.
		The first European sighting of Panama was by the Spaniard Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1501, and Columbus dropped anchor off the present-day Portobelo in 1502.
		Panama was subordinated to the viceroyalty of Peru and remained in this status until 1717, when it was transferred to New Granada.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Panama-history.html (430 words)

	panama country of panama portobelo ruins travel tourism
		The easiest to get to is Portobelo, just 35 minutes drive east of the main Colon-Panama road, and a little over two hours from Panama City.
		Scattered around Portobelo there are several different sets of ruins, some in surprisingly good condition, complete with cannons pointing out to see, stone walls, etc. The first set is visible from the main road, on the left side, as you enter this beautiful bay that cuts deep inland.
		Take the Panama - Colon bus ($2.00) and get off at the REY supermarket, which is about 15 minutes before reaching the city of Colon; this is a large intersection along the main road.
	www.worldheadquarters.com /panama/destinations/colon_province (1287 words)

	Gray Line / Viajes Primera Clase - Panama
		When the Spanish colonies were at its prime and the conquest of the Inca Empire was accomplished, the Spaniards set their eyes in strategic sites of Panama to transfer their cargos from coast to coast.
		Portobelo was the end of the Royal Road (Camino Real), path between the oceans that started in the Old Panama City.
		There, the Old Spanish galleons unloaded their treasures to be transferred across the Isthmus, to be finally loaded to the vessels waiting in Portobelo, to be after all, transferred to the Old World.
	www.grayline-panama.com /pty/english/sightseeing/historic.htm (616 words)

	Panama's National Parks
		According to scientists at the University of Panama and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute the elevation of the basaltic rock that forms the pictoresque cliffs contributes to species richness of both flora and fauna.
		Students and Faculty from the University of Panama have developed an interpretive nature trail that is both fun and educational.
		This is Panama's "desert." Though not a desert in strict ecological terms [Sarigua receives more than a meter of rain each year], the salt pans, the wind-blown sand, and cacti all evoke the image of "death valley." In fact, Sarigua is a lesson in the peril of poor land management.
	www.panamatravel.com /natparks.htm (2113 words)

	panamainfo.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The park was created in 1985 to protect over 300,000 acres of rainforests as part of Panama’s conservation strategy and to conserve the watershed which provides over 50% of the fresh water needed for the operation of the Panama Canal, as well as the drinking water for the two largest cities in the country.
		Portobelo was founded in 1597 to replace Nombre de Dios as the terminus of the Camino Real.
		The Panama Railway was inaugurated in 1856 and was the first train to cross from one ocean to the other.
	www.panamainfo.com /en/vacation/17 (786 words)

	Portobelo: The Gold Coast - Day Tours & Adventures. The New Panama - Vacations, Tours & Adventures in Panama! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Portobelo in the province of Colon, was discovered on 4th voyage of Columbus, and became perhaps the most important settlement in the Spanish Americas and the site of an annual fair that was celebrated for over 200 years.
		The Spaniards built forts at Portobelo and San Lorenzo as protection against pirates and buccaneers, nonetheless, the town was sacked and destroyed by the famous buccaneer, Sr.
		You depart early in the morning from Panama City, towards the Caribbean coast traveling through a portion of the old "Camino Real." Once in Portobelo, we will visit the Church of the Black Christ, the restored, historic Customs House and the forts of the area.
	islandtraveltours.com /Panama2005/htm/daytours/portobelo.htm (303 words)

	Brief history of Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Panama begins in the mists of pre-Columbian times among the Kuna indians of San Blas.
		And for a sense of the scourge that Morgan was to the Spanish Crown, walk through the ruins of Old Panama founded in 1519.
		After Morgan and his men sacked Old Panama singing "There'll be a hot time in the Old Town Tonight", the Spaniards opted to move the fiesta again to the more defensible peninsula where the Casco Viejo now stands.
	home.iae.nl /users/grimaldo/journey.html (394 words)

	The Panama Canal Railroad
		The French Panama Canal Company purchased the railroad in 1880 to assist in their attempt to build the Panama Canal.
		Portobelo was christened Belporto (Puerto Bello, beautiful port) by Christopher Columbus in November 1502 and described by his son Ferdinand as "a very large, beautiful bay".
		Portobelo Bay and the surrounding coasts were Francis Drake's favored destination.
	www.panamacanal.com /train.htm (456 words)

	Update 37
		Spain’s King Felipe II ordered forts constructed at Portobelo to protect the gold and treasures as they were loaded on ships to send back to the mother country.
		Portobelo is also the place where a strange event called the Black Christ Festival happens every October.
		Portobelo has a wonderful small history museum displaying many of the robes created for this event.
	www.deckersailing.com /log37.htm (1088 words)

	Embera Drua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Portobelo was officially the only arrival point for Spanish ships carrying luxury items, such as furniture and fine china, to the new Spanish aristocracy in Peru and Panama.
		The residents of Portobelo and Panama became wealthy from this commerce, and at certain times of the year the vaults were full of treasures awaiting passage to Spain.
		Panama City itself was not walled, as few ships other than the Spanish galleons sailed the Pacific, and a successful land attack from across the isthmus seemed unlikely.
	www.trail2.com /embera/history2.htm (7638 words)

	Adequate Solid Waste Management Project. Portobelo, Panama By: Rachel Kalman
		In all of Panama, this monthly fee is tacked on to the water bill and can be anywhere from $2-$12 depending on the location.
		Because of the unique relationship Panama Glass (the only national glass recycler) has with one glass consolidator, recycling glass is barely profitable for most consolidators, much less for individuals.
		In Portobelo, since the contract between SARBISA and the client has already been written and singed, the client will “sign on” to the separation plan by literally signing a formal agreement between the municipality and themselves that promises that they will separate their waste according to SARBISA´s guidelines.
	www.geocities.com /apronad/portobelo.html (3162 words)

	Colon - Panama Facts. The New Panama - Vacations, Tours & Adventures in Panama! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Each Oct 21, a religious ceremony is held at dusk in Portobelo in honor of a life-size fl wooden statue of Christ that is the town's patron saint.
		The statue has resided in Portobelo since 1658, when the crew from a Spanish ship threw it into the town's bay, believing that the statue was stopping the ship from traveling safely away.
		While in Portobelo stop off at one of the open-air restaurants on the main road to try good value Caribbean-style seafood conch, crab, octopus, lobster or fried fish, served with coconut rice or patacones (deep-fried green plantains).
	islandtraveltours.com /Panama2005/htm/glossary/Colon.htm (1451 words)

	Panama History
		The Panama Defense Force (restructured as the Public Force in 1990) exerted a strong (even controlling) role under Torrijos and later under Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega, although the nation has a civilian government headed by a president who is directly elected for a five-year term.
		The first European known to have visited Panama was the Spaniard Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1501; in 1502, Christopher COLUMBUS explored the eastern Panamanian coast on his fourth trip to the New World.
		Panama was, as a result, one of Spain's wealthiest colonial centers during the 17th century.
	www.czimages.com /BHS70/Main_Pages/panamahistory.htm (1373 words)

	Wharton International Volunteer Program
		Portobelo is a harbor city in central Panama on the Caribbean Sea.
		Founded in 1502 when Columbus arrived on his 4th trip to America, the city is rich with a history that includes being one of the richest ports in the world at one time with buccaneers battling for the city’s wealth.
		The crafts sold are made primarily by women who live in the surrounding communities of Jose del Mar, Portobelo Centro, Nuevo Tonosi, and Rio Piedra, and a new crop of artisans is in training in nearby Cacique.
	www.wivp.org /Content/Projects_2003/panama_prodes.asp (801 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Crossing the Isthmus of Panama before the Canal
		The Panama Railroad was rescued financially by a 1,000 men who came on the paddle-wheel steamers, the Georgia and the Philadelphia, trying to reach the gold fields of California and, to do so, paid exorbitant prices to ride those 7 miles to walk along the right of way.
		Colombia had given the railroad a concession for 49 years but this was upped to ninety-nine years on August 16, 1867, to ninety-nine years but it had to pay Colombia one million dollars in a lump sum and then $250,000.
		He never understood that he had to have an adequate railroad to move men and materiel as work on the canal proceeded so the Panama Railroad was not properly used. He had trouble feeding and housing the gigantic work force his company employed.
	historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=689 (2418 words)

	Portobelo ravaged by pirates who see treasure as easy pickings
		PORTOBELO: The long finger of the Atlantic, dotted with small lush islands, gives this dusty little village an air of tranquility most days of the year.
		Portobelo and its treasure was a magnet for buccaneers, including the notorious Henry Morgan and British admirals Francis Drake and Edward (Old Grog) Vernon, immortalized in the Royal Navy’s daily rations of rum and water.
		Portobelo may have the distinction of being sacked more times than any other place in the world.
	www.yourpanama.com /portobelo.html (1260 words)

	Taboga Island, Portobelo, Panama
		One of the most interesting things about Panama is the fact that it has the two biggest Oceans in the world, the Atlantic and Pacific, just 50 miles apart from each other!
		Join us on an unforgettable journey to discover the many differences between these giant bodies of water, and learn about the historic events that took place on this part of the world because of their proximity.
		Portobelo, declared World Cultural Heritage Monument by UNESCO, was home to one of the most famous fairs of the Spanish galleons.
	www.extremepanama.com /taboga.html (370 words)

	Panama Diving Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Panama is the only place in the world that offers three different diving alternatives in one day.
		You will dive into history diving in the Panama Canal waters to observe a railroad left behind during the early attempts to build the canal.
		You will dive near the Portobelo Bay, the famous city were all the treasures from South America left for the Old World.
	panavisa.com /tours08.htm (483 words)

	Panama: A Parrot Rescue and Release Program
		The birds were housed in a temporary holding facility on the northern (Gulf) coast of Panama.
		The licensed name is Amigos del Parque Nacional Portobelo (Friends of Portobelo National Park) He must file an inventory report and detail all activities conducted under the license every 6 months.
		The Port and Fort of Portobelo were Spanish strongholds in colonial times and the site of numerous battles between the British and Spanish.
	www.funnyfarmexotics.com /IAS/panama.htm (1392 words)

	Panama City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Modern and sophisticated with lavish international hotels, restaurants, shopping and nightlife, Panama City is the ideal base for exploring the country's natural wonders while indulging in supreme comfort and luxury.
		The 202 deluxe air-conditioned guestrooms are beautifully furnished for supreme comfort with breathtaking views of Panama Bay and the city.
		Portobelo and Lunch (7 hrs): Travel through Soberania National Park to the charming 17th century settlement of Portobelo.
	elegantadventures.com /Panama/PanamaCity.html (636 words)

	Portobelo
		Once known far and wide for its market fairs and position on the Camino Real, Portobelo was the port for Spanish Armadas and the target of marauding pirates.
		Portobelo's bay had limited access, was safe from Caribbean tropical storms and was easily defended due to steep hills on the land surrounding the bay.
		Merchants, seamen and buyers flocked to Portobelo for renowned trade fairs that often lasted weeks at a time.
	www.guate.net /destination/panama/portobelo.htm (305 words)

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