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Topic: Portugal in the Age of Discovery

	Portugal in the Age of Discovery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The agriculture of the countryside had diversified to the point where grain was imported from Morocco (a symptom of an economy dependent upon Portugal's), while specialised crops occupied former grain-growing areas: vinyards, olives, or the sugar factories of the Algarve, later to be reproduced in Brazil (Braudel 1985).
		The treaty gave to Portugal all lands which might be discovered east of a straight line drawn from the Arctic Pole to the Antarctic, at a distance of 370 leagues west of Cape Verde.
		The Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal (1279-1415)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portugal_in_the_period_of_discoveries (1415 words)

	Age of Discovery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The so-called Age of Discovery was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe.
		The prelude to the Age of Exploration was a series of European expeditions crossing Eurasia by land in the late Middle Ages.
		Portugal's rival Castille had been somewhat slower than their neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the fifteenth century that Castilian sailors began to compete with their Iberian neighbours.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Age_of_Discovery (2163 words)

	Age of Exploration - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Portugal's great rival Spain had been somewhat slower that their smaller neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the century that Castilian sailors began to compete with their Iberian neighbours.
		Portugal claimed this discovery was merely a western extension of the Azores and thus rightfully theirs.
		The age of exploration is generally said to have ended in the early seventeenth century, by this time European vessels were well enough built and their navigators competent enough to travel to virtually anywhere on the planet.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /age_of_exploration.htm (1923 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Portugal
		Portugal is situated on the west of the Iberian Peninsula, being bounded on the north and east by Spain and on the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean.
		The bishops renewed their complains of the disorders in Portugal, and in 1245, by the Bull "grandi non immerito", Innocent IV committed the government to Sancho's brother Alfonso who was living in France.
		As a result of the encyclicals of Leo XIII on Christian democracy, the movement for the establishment of Catholic circles for workingmen was inaugurated in Portugal, and these mutual-aid societies existed in the principal centres of population, furnished education to the workmen and their children, and kept them together by conferences, concerts, and excursions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12297a.htm (9976 words)

	Encyclopedia: Portugal in the Age of Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		History of Portugal Series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383-1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian...
		Categories: History of Portugal Fernand Braudel (August 24, 1902â€“November 27, 1985) was a historian who revolutionized the 20th century study of the discipline by considering the effects of economics and geography on global history, a prominent member of the Annales School of historiography, who concentrated on meticulous historical analysis in the social sciences.
		Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Portugal-in-the-Age-of-Discovery (3180 words)

	Age of Exploration - On-line Curriculum Guide - The Mariners' Museum - Newport News, Virginia
		Portugal led the European world in sea exploration during the fifteenth century.
		The man chiefly responsible for Portugal's age of exploration was Prince Henry the Navigator, the third son of King Joao I (John) and his English wife, Queen Philippa of Lancaster.
		Portugal's slow progress down the west coast of Africa in search for a route to the east finally came to fruition with Vasco da Gama (1469 - 1524).
	www.mariner.org /educationalad/ageofex/portuguese_exp.php (542 words)

	Age of Exploration -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The prelude to the Age of Exploration was a series of European expeditions crossing Eurasia by land in the late (The period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance) Middle Ages.
		The main project of Henry the Navigator was exploration of the West Coast of (The second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean) Africa.
		Portugal's great rival (A parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power) Spain had been somewhat slower that their smaller neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the century that Castilian sailors began to compete with their Iberian neighbours.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ag/age_of_exploration.htm (1981 words)

	The Age of Discovery (from Lisbon) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Age of Discovery (from Lisbon) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Discovery may be made through interrogatories, which consist of written questions sent from one side to the other in an attempt to secure important facts; it also can be made through depositions, whereby a witness is sworn and, in the presence of...
		Age distributions differ among countries mainly because of differences in the levels and trends of fertility.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-13469?tocId=13469 (872 words)

	The Age of Discovery
		Magellan also took part in the capture of the city by the Portuguese in 1511 and it was probably then that he acquired a Malay slave, whom he gave the name Enrique.
		Portugal controlled all the eastward routes to the rich Spice Islands of the Malay archipelago and Magellan presented the King of Spain with his daring plan - to find a route sailing westwards to the Spice Islands, avoiding the Portuguese.
		It is said that he even had Enrique presented to the King and his Privy Council, to convince them that accompanying him on the voyage would be a man with the local language, knowledge and experience needed to make the voyage a success.
	www.sabrizain.org /malaya/port3.htm (2319 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was, however, the chance discovery and subsequent publication of the Vinland Map that has given the Norse voyages a reality not conveyed by the shadowy sagas even though, in all probability, the map is a crude and later interpretation of those very sagas.
		It is significant that the breakthrough was achieved by Portugal, the nation farthest removed from the traditional land routes of commerce to the East.
		Although the attention of students of the Age of Discovery is normally reserved for overseas activities, it is important to remember that the expansion of Europe was accomplished by land as well as by sea, albeit through more prosaic and less dramatic technical means.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/art/WASHBR05.ART (7728 words)

	Lecture 2: The Age of Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In this respect, the age is also connected to the idea of the Crusades of the 12th and 13th centuries.
		It also must be considered that Portugal faced outward toward the unknown waters of the Atlantic, away from the classic centers of European civilization, and to the south, lay Africa, a great untamed continent.
		At the age of fourteen he went to sea, fought in several battles, and around 1470 was shipwrecked and reached the shores of Lisbon on a plank.
	www.historyguide.org /earlymod/lecture2c.html (2779 words)

	Age of Exploration and Discovery
		This one is still in the works - eventually the Age of Discovery will morph into a description of bioexpansion and the clash of species aka the delivery of the European biological portmanteau (to use Crosby's description)...
		Portugal was too small a country to spare the people for colonization b.
		Discovery of the new trade routes ended the long trade monopoly enjoyed by the middlemen of the Mediterranean Sea.
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Stu/jhubbell/Outlines/AgeofdiscOL.htm (3623 words)

	The Age of Discovery
		Henry the Navigator, prince of Portugal, initiated the first great enterprise of the Age of Discovery - the search for a sea route east by south to Cathay.
		He was curious about the world; he was interested in new navigational aids and better ship design and was eager to test them; he was also a crusader and hoped that, by sailing south and then east along the coast of Africa, Muslim power in North Africa could be attacked from the rear.
		The bases enabled the Portuguese to dominate the main sea-lanes; but Portugal, with fewer than one million people and involved in Africa and South America as well, was desperately short of manpower.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Flats/3795/port2.htm (758 words)

	Age of Exploration - On-line Curriculum Guide - The Mariners' Museum - Newport News, Virginia
		The Treaty of Tordesillas divides the world between Spain and Portugal for the alleged purpose of spreading Christianity.
		Venice proposes a Suez Canal to the Sultan of Turkey.
		Portugal defeats the Arabs in a major naval battle at the Straits of Sunda, taking control of the Spice Islands as the center of Far East trade.
	www.mariner.org /educationalad/ageofex/timeline.php (504 words)

	Directory - Kids and Teens: School Time: Social Studies: History: By Topic: Age of Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Great Age Of Discovery - 15th Century · Introduces a few of the key people and significant events of this age.
		The Age Of Discovery · cached · Shareware Hypercard stack designed to introduce young children to the era.
		Western Conquerors: The Age of Discovery · Focuses on the role Portugal played in initiating this era.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=514177 (272 words)

	Vacations with Golf and Sightseeing in Portugal with AGS Golf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Later Portugal’s fifteenth and sixteenth century seamen were responsible for astonishing feats of navigation and conquest.
		Portugal abounds in prehistoric sites and several are located west of Evora.
		For the old Portugal visit Estoi, a sleepy mountain village, Cachopo, which is picturesque, remote and known for its game dishes and on the Spanish border, the tiny mountain town of Alcoutim.
	www.golfvacationonline.com /golf-sightseeing-portugal.htm (2056 words)

	Age of Exploration - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Portugal's great rival Spain had been somewhat slower that their smaller neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, but after the union of Aragon and Castille and with the final destruction of the last Muslim state in Iberia the larger nation also began to look for new trade routes and colonies overseas.
		At this time, new sea routes were discovered and trade increased.
		However these voyages of discovery were abandoned by the Chinese government, leaving subsequent exploration of the world to the European nations.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Age_of_Exploration (985 words)

	Just The Facts: The Age of Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The mariners of the Age of Discovery who charted the globe opened the door for hundreds of explorers who followed, leading to European colonization of the Americas and other lands.
		They had the courage, the drive, the passion, to be the first and their discoveries proved to the world that America was a land of extraordinary resources and beauty.
		They had the courage, the drive, the passion, to be the first and their discoveries proved to the world that America was a land of extraordinary.
	www.goldhil.com /catalog/just-the-facts--the-age-of-discovery.htm (2356 words)

	Christopher Columbus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To the Europeans of this age, all land east of the Indus River was “the Indies.” Because he believed he had reached the Indies, Columbus named the people “Indians.” Other contemporary adventurers, however, were not convinced that this was part of the “Old” World.
		It was more than a coincidence that the Age of Discovery occurred at the same time as the appearance of the first truly national governments in Western Europe.
		For Columbus, Portugal’s success was a new opportunity for the Great Navigator, and the monarchs were again receptive to his vision of finding a strait to mainland Cathay.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/columbus.html (12254 words)

	Portugal during the Age of Discoveries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The small kingdom of Portugal, strategically located on the southwestern portion of the Iberian Peninsula facing the Atlantic Ocean, is delineated on this beautifully engraved, hand-colored map.
		Based on the first known map of Portugal, published about 1561 by Fernando Álvares Seco, this version appeared in the numerous editions of the first modern atlas,
		This cartographic representation portrays the geographical features of the kingdom at the height of its prosperity and prestige during the Age of Discoveries.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/portam/age.html (151 words)

	Essenes, Essenic Studies, Gospel of the Holy Twelve, Essene history & more.
		From the remote ages of antiquity this remarkable teaching has existed which is universal in its application and ageless in its wisdom.
		Discoveries of new texts have now proven that her reputation as a repentant prostitute is entirely inaccurate.
		Between May and October of 1917, the Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to three shepherd children in the fields outside the village of Fatima, Portugal.
	www.thenazareneway.com /index.htm (5293 words)

	U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Science
		I think it is particularly appropriate that this conference be held here, hosted by the Nation that, along with its neighbor Portugal, ushered in the Age of Discovery.
		In many respects, the Age of Discovery was also the first Information Age.
		Portugal and Spain also participate in the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), an international partnership of scientists and research institutions organized to explore the evolution and structure of Earth.
	www.house.gov /science/FJS_112099.htm (1737 words)

	The Great Age Of Discovery - 15th Century
		As the result of this competition the whole western shore of the Atlantic basin was drawn into the circle of the known earth.
		In the year 1502 the aged Columbus, entering his fourth and last voyage, set sail with four wretched vessels, the largest of which was only seventy tons burthen.
		The discovery of the Molucca Islands gave them the monopoly of the lucrative spice trade, which was destined at a later period to enrich the economical Dutchman.
	www.sevenoceans.com /MaritimeDiscovery/GreatAgeOfDiscovery15thCentury.htm (1334 words)

	Age of Discovery: Portugal and Spain
		Discovery and expansion can be seen from the Polynesians to the early voyages of the Vikings to the conquistadors of Spain.
		The Age of Expansion stretched from the late fourteenth century into the early sixteenth century.
		Spain and Portugal were the prominent powers of the time and both of their countries’ governments made expansion a top priority.
	www.radessays.com /viewpaper/38173/Blame_for_WW1.html (269 words)

	Magellan Wine, Wines of Discovery! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Henry the Navigator (1394-1660) was the man largely responsible for Portugal’s Age of Discovery.
		He was a Portuguese prince, the son of King John I and Queen Philippa and consequently benefited from parental Royal patronage.
		In 1419, his father appointed him governor of the southern coasts of Portugal and from that year, until his death, Henry sent many expeditions down the western coasts of Africa in an attempt to outflank the Muslim hold on overland trade routes to the east.
	www.magellanwine.co.uk /pages/portugal/portugalexplorers2.htm (204 words)

	Discovery: The Portugese
		The country that undertook the most ambitious voyages of discovery was Portugal.
		It is not unfair to say that Portugal's emergence as the first great exploring country was due to a single person, Prince Henry the Navigator, who lived from 1394-1460.
		Within a decade, Portugal was importing around a thousand African slaves per year to be sold to wealthy Europeans.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/REFORM/PORT.HTM (789 words)

	Portugal City Guides :: Belem Guide
		Belém, a short ride by tram, bus or train from the center of Lisbon, is a fascinating area to spend some time.
		Famed as the place Vasco da Gama and his fellow Portuguese adventurers set sail for India and the Americas, Belém is the spiritual home of Portugal's 'Age of Discovery'.
		The Padrão dos Descobrimentos - Monument to the Discoveries - is a vast stone caravel commemorating the heroes of Portugal's sea-faring history: including Vasco da Gama, Pedro Álvares Cabral - the discoverer of Brazil and Fernão Magalhães - who crossed the Pacific in1520.
	www.soccerphile.com /soccerphile/port2004/city_guide/belem.html (540 words)

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