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Topic: Portugal in the Great War

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	Portugal - MSN Encarta
		Portugal kept its largest colony, Brazil, until the 19th century and its huge African empire until the late 20th century.
		Portugal joined the European Community (EC, a forerunner of the European Union) in 1986, and in 1999 adopted the euro, the EU’s common currency.
		Portugal also has abundant waterpower in its rivers and dammed lakes (called barragems), which the nation is continuing to develop.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558260/Portugal.html (1317 words)

	world war i - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The defeat of Germany in the war and failure to resolve the unsettled issues that had caused the Great War would lay the basis for the rise of Nazism, and thus the outbreak of World War II in 1939.
		The common view was that it would be a short war of manoeuvre with a few sharp actions (to "teach the enemy a lesson") and would end with a victorious entry into the capital (the enemy capital, naturally) then home for a victory parade or two and back to "normal" life.
		Dissatisfaction with the Russian government's conduct of the war grew despite the success of the June 1916 Brusilov offensive in eastern Galicia against the Austrians, when Russian success was undermined by the reluctance of other generals to commit their forces in support of the victorious sector commander.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/World-War-I (7028 words)

	Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Portugal is bordered by Spain on the east and north and by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and south.
		Estremadura, in W Portugal, has broad, alluvial plains, rising to cool and rocky uplands; along the Atlantic coast is a celebrated resort region, reaching to the town of Estoril, near Lisbon.
		Portugal’s colony of Goa was seized by India in 1961.
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/Portugal.html (3353 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Portugal
		Portugal is situated on the west of the Iberian Peninsula, being bounded on the north and east by Spain and on the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean.
		The energy he displayed at the time of the great earthquaque of 1755 confirmed his hold over the king, and with royal support he was able to use the alleged "Tavora Conspiracy" to humble the nobility and to continue the campaign he was directing against the Jesuits, whom he was determined to master.
		As a result of the encyclicals of Leo XIII on Christian democracy, the movement for the establishment of Catholic circles for workingmen was inaugurated in Portugal, and these mutual-aid societies existed in the principal centres of population, furnished education to the workmen and their children, and kept them together by conferences, concerts, and excursions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12297a.htm (9947 words)

	World War I - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict lasting from 1914 to 1919, with the fighting lasting until 1918.
		The War was the catalyst for the Bolshevik Russian Revolution, which would inspire later Communist revolutions in countries as diverse as China and Cuba, and would lay the basis for the Cold War standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States.
		The state of war between the two sides persisted for another seven months until it was finally ended by the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/w/o/r/World_War_I_9429.html (8031 words)

	France at War - Portugal in the Great War
		The alleged reason for Portugal's entry in the Great War was its historical alliance with England and later Great Britain, which dates back to 1386.
		The actual cause of the formal German declaration of war on 9 March 1916 was the seizure of 36 German and Austro-Hungarian merchant ships anchored in front of Lisbon since the beginning of the war on 24 February 1916, at Britain's request.
		Portugal promptly reciprocated by declaring war on Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
	www.worldwar1.com /france/portugal.htm (3075 words)

	Timeline \| Lisbon Guide
		Establishment of the 1st County of Portugal, by count Vímara Peres, after the reconquest from the Moors of the region North of the Douro River.
		Portugal acquired an empire stretching from Brazil eastward to the Moluccas, reached the zenith of its prosperity and entered upon a period of swift decline.
		Portugal contributes to the Great War on the Allies' side.
	www.lisbon-guide.info /portugal/timeline (219 words)

	Portugal Book - Portugal History
		Portugal supported the Allied Powers during World War I, but contributed little due to the presence of a strong pro-German element in the armed forces, which made several coup attempts.
		Portugal was governed for two years by a leftist military junta led by members of the Movimiento das Forcas Armardas, the instigators of the revolution, while civilian politicians re-emerged and crystallised around the Socialist and Communist Parties and the right-wing Partido Popular Democratico.
		Portugal held the European Community presidency in 1992, and again in 1999, and is a relatively contented participant in the post-Maastricht integration process, including the introduction of European Monetary Union at the beginning of 1999.
	www.portugal-book.com /history.htm (1435 words)

	RTÉ.ie Sport - Portugal reach the promised land
		Hosts Portugal roared into their first major final as goals from midfielders Cristiano Ronaldo and Maniche sealed a deserved 2-1 victory over the Netherlands in the first Euro 2004 semi-final on Wednesday.
		Portugal, defeated in the 1984 and 2000 European Championship semis and in the last four at the 1966 World Cup, will play Greece or the Czech Republic in Sunday's final in Lisbon.
		Portugal, inspired by Luis Figo in his 109th international, took a deserved lead when Ronaldo was inexplicably left unmarked at a Deco corner to power a header past the rooted Edwin van der Sar from close range.
	www.rte.ie /sport/2004/0630/portugal1.html (420 words)

	Portugal - Emigration
		Portugal was long among the poorest countries in Europe.
		Thus, emigration increased during World War I and during the 1960s and early 1970s, when Portugal waged a series of wars in an attempt to retain its African colonies.
		Portugal was never as successful at stimulating emigration to its African territories as it wanted to be.
	countrystudies.us /portugal/48.htm (1467 words)

	First Great War - IBWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Following the war, many suggested that it was the end of the old world order, wherein absolute monarchies directed the ship of state at their own whim.
		Some say, because the war ended in stalemate, Germany was not sufficiently punished and because of that Wilhelm III was able to coerce, cajole and outright force the ther Germanic states into partisanship for the Second Great War.
		The first major television documentary on the history of the war was the BBC's The Great War (1964), made in association with the CBC, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and The Imperial War Museum.
	ib.frath.net /w/First_Great_War (7506 words)

	Portuguese Discoveries
		This was the apogee of Portugal as a country, and forever the benchmark of its culture.
		He left to heir to the throne and because Philip II of Spain was the son of a Portuguese princess, the Spanish king became Philip I of Portugal in 1581.
		Portugal was further ruled by Philip III which tried to force integration, thus attacking and alienating the Portuguese nobles which were not in favor of the integration.
	www.portugal.com /history/discoveries/discoveries.asp (655 words)

	War: The Great Clarifier- by Justin Raimondo
		The idea of "Left" and "Right" is, today, being similarly transformed: wars always do this, and the Iraq war (and whatever comes next: perhaps Iran) is no different.
		Does It Matter?" Thirty contributors from across the political spectrum addressed the question, and it is one that is especially timely as Israel's war of aggression in Lebanon puts new strains on the limits of the traditional liberal-conservative dichotomy.
		Israel's disgraceful conduct in prosecuting the war has further alienated many who, like Professor Steve Bainbridge — who teaches law at UCLA and writes a popular blog — are dissenting from the neocon-orchestrated cheering section for the IDF.
	www.antiwar.com /justin/?articleid=9476 (991 words)

	Portugal > Travel > Azores > Ilhas de Azores
		Lying some 900 miles from the coast of Portugal in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean the Islands cover an area of some six hundred kilometres in length and a land area of 2.333 square kilometres.
		During the 15th and 16th Century settlers from both Portugal and Flanders began to cultivate and rear cattle in the balmy climate.
		Due to the purity of air the light is of such a quality that it emphasizes the colours of vegetation, flowers, and the difference between light and shade.
	www.portugal-info.net /azores (932 words)

	ANMEF & AIF in the Great War (WW1)
		ANMEF and AIF in the Great War (WW1)
		The major brunt of the war effort on the Allied side was borne by France, Great Britain and her four Dominion nations plus Russia, Serbia and Belgium.
		During the final allied offensives of the war, it was engaged at Mont St Quentin and Albert, and in the penetration of the Hindenburg Line.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/ww1/0-ww1-cat-index.htm (1766 words)

	sociology - World War I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eighty seven years after the war ended there are few veterans of this war left, and not many who remember the period clearly.
		It was commonly called "The Great War" or sometimes "the war to end all wars" until World War II, although the name "First World War" was coined as early as 1920 by Lt-Col à Court Repington in The First World War 1914–18.
		World War I became infamous for trench warfare, where huge numbers of troops were confined to trenches and could move little because of tight defences.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/World_War_I (7205 words)

	Text / The Complete Military History of France
		In a war whose ending foreshadows the next 2000 years of French history, France is conquered by of all things, an Italian.
		The War also gave the French their first taste of a Marlborough, which they have loved every since.
		Lost: after getting hammered by Frederick the Great of Prussia (yep, the Germans again) at Rossbach, the French were held off for the remainder of the War by Frederick of Brunswick and a hodge-podge army including some Brits.
	www.albinoblacksheep.com /text/france.html (1172 words)

	The Doughboys & Camp Greene: The Great War
		The catalyst for the war that plunged nations into its first major World War was the assassination of the heir to Austria's throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, the Duchess of Hohenberg on June 28, 1914 by Serbian anarchists.
		Other countries never declared war but were affected by the conflict due to their geographic locations or cut off diplomatic relations but never declared war.
		The use of an "Airforce" debuted in World War I. The airplane proved to be perfect for dropping bombs, gathering intelligence and more importantly it took the war to the air as opposing pilots blasted away at one another in infamous "dogfights." Other modern inventions of war included tanks and trucks.
	www.cmstory.org /ww1/greatwar.asp (3405 words)

	Portugal in the Great War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monumento aos mortos da Primeira Guerra Mundial in Coimbra, Portugal
		January, 3 Convention with Great Britain to regulate Portuguese participation in the European Front.
		January, 18 The Portuguese delegation at the Peace Conference in Versailles, France, was led by Prof.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portugal_in_the_Great_War (1077 words)

	Portugal > Travel > Alentejo > Elvas
		The city of Elvas is located near the border between Portugal and Spain and is on the main highway between Lisbon and Madrid.
		During the War of Independence between the two countries (1640-1668), the battle of Linhas de Elvas in 1659 was notable for the decisive defeat of the invading Spanish who had besieged the Portuguese army in the town and was then successfully relieved by Portuguese troops from Estremoz.
		Each street organizes its own decoration under great secrecy, as the event is considered very competitive with prizes to be won.
	portugal-info.net /alentejo/elvas.htm (915 words)

	Propaganda Postcards of the Great War, Allied Powers
		World War One technically began as a strictly European conflict with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia on July 28th, 1914.
		The Entente Cordiale was the public and popular name for the Anglo-French agreement of 1904 and it was the basis for Great Britain's entry into the war on behalf of France and Russia, a true military mutual assistance treaty existing between the latter two countries.
		The major brunt of the war effort on the Allied side was borne by France, Great Britain and her four Dominion nations, Russia, Serbia and Belgium.
	www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com /allied_powers.html (506 words)

	The Great War: The Film & More
		And what happened was that the soldiers who became sick at that time within a short period of time of course this was during the war, this was during the war, and they moved around, they went over seas, they were packed in troop ships.
		And the virus mutated and the virus spread in France and then in Germany and then spread throughout the world from there.
		And then soldiers brought it back and then it again mutated when they began, you know, when soldiers began coming back in April and into the summer of 1918.
	www.knpb.org /productions/GreatWar/earl.asp (978 words)

	Regalado Portuguese Guedes
		He had been illuminated of late by a great dream, a new and ultimate invention upon which he spent the last of his energy a perfect rifle, which required an insignificant amount for its manufacture and testing.
		In December 1882 the War Office Secretary issued a pass for the transfer of 2nd Lt. Guedes and his orderly to the Tanco’s Practical Academy of Engineering and asked the commanding officer of this unit to furnish a report on the tests carried out with this system of a firearm at the Academy’s firing range.
		Having notified the War Ministry of this fact on March 26th 1886, a telegram was sent to the factory on the same day suspending the manufacture of the Guedes System rifles.
	www.militaryrifles.com /Portugal/Regalado/Regalado.htm (4288 words)

	The Great War . Chapter 4 . War Without End \| PBS
		For the "lost generation" the war became a war without end, one that continued through missing limbs, mutilated faces and shaking bodies.
		These people felt that Germany, the army and all those who had lost their lives in the war had been betrayed by traitors at home who had undermined the soldiers at the front.
		that's something that's generally not understood about the WW I. A lot of the men who fought in that war came out of it very attached to their experience of the war, thinking that this was the best time of their lives.
	www.pbs.org /greatwar/chapters/ch4_war.html (344 words)

	Gomes da Costa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a politician he was the person chosen by the right wing revolutionaries to leader the 28 May coup d'état in Braga (after the death of General Alves Roçadas that was already chosen).
		Carmona, already President of the Republic and of the Council of Ministers, sent him to exile in the Azores Islands, and made him a Marshal of the Portuguese Army.
		On September 1927, he returned to mainland Portugal, where he died in miserable conditions, alone and poor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manuel_Gomes_da_Costa (373 words)

	RTÉ.ie Sport - WORLD CUP 2006
		Portugal will aim for a vastly improved performance against Iran after struggling to a win in their opening game against Group D minnows Angola.
		Pauleta's goal was all that separated Portugal's star-studded line-up from Angola, a war-scarred former Portuguese colony making its World Cup debut.
		Portugal are hoping to welcome back influential midfielder Deco, who sat out the Angola game with a leg muscle strain.
	www.rte.ie /sport/2006/0615/portugal.html (317 words)

	Soft Drinks
		It was originally made from byproducts of cheese and cider production, since Coca-Cola was not able to be sold in Nazi Germany due to shipping problems after the British and French declarations of war in late 1939.
		After World War II, Fanta was introduced to America by Coca-Cola, and in 1960 they bought the trademark.
		It’s Jucee’s great value that sets it apart from other squashes and it’s Jucee’s great taste that makes it a firm family favourite.
	www.beers-portugal.com /soft_drinks.htm (645 words)

	France at War - Directory of Articles and Features
		Sketches of Paris at the outbreak of the war.
		Major Article from Great War Society Member and Verdun Scholar Gerard Demaison
		Images of the Great War in the Lorraine
	www.worldwar1.com /france/france2.htm (227 words)

	Photos of the Great War / Index
		war seemed forgotten; even the man in the trenches paused to watch, as the
		It is a great brotherhood, which adds something of
		Confronted with this deadlock, military art remained dumb; the Commanders and their General Staffs had no plan except the frontal attack which all their experience and training had led them to reject; they had no policy except that of exhaustion.
	www.gwpda.org /photos/greatwr2.htm (448 words)

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