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Topic: Portuguese India

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Portuguese Creole

Daman and Diu

European colonies in India

Goa

Portuguese Empire

Old Goa

Surcharge

Portuguese Indian Rupia

Stamps and postal history of India

Portuguese language

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Postage stamp

History of India

Battle of Diu

Portugal

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Portuguese India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Portuguese acquired several territories from the Sultans of Gujarat: Daman (occupied 1531, formally ceded 1539); Salsette, Bombay, and Baçaim (occupied 1534); and Diu (ceded 1535).
		Portuguese India's first stamp exhibition, in 1952, was commemorated with a pair of stamps, one reproducing the design of the first issue, the other depicting St. Francis Xavier.
		Ribeiro's narrative of the Portuguese fortresses and settlements in Ceylon
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Portuguese-India (6844 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: India
		India -- the result of its respect for the customs of the people -- is that by far the great mass of them are allowed to regulate their laws of succession, inheritance, property, etc., according to their immemorial usages.
		India cannot be said to be partial to Christians as compared with non-Christians; since it spends large sums of State money over a number of non-Christian religious edifices and institutions in continuance and perpetuation of the practice of their predecessors in the government of the country.
		India" aptly observes, "is divided between the British Government and their rulers in proportions which differ greatly according to the history and importance of the several States, and which are regulated partly by treaties or less formal engagements, partly by sanads or charters, and partly by usage".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07722a.htm (13538 words)

	Portuguese India History: Baçaim (Bassein, Vasai),Chaul, Bombay. Northern Province (Provincia do Norte, Gujarat, ...
		The Portuguese in Arabia Peninsula and in the Persic Gulf (Hormuz, Oman, Mascate, Bahrein)
		Portuguese India: DIU, a Portuguese fortress in Gujarat
		Ribeiro's narrative of the Portuguese fortresses and settlements in Ceylon
	www.colonialvoyage.com /bacaim.html (1955 words)

	Portuguese India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern Province, also known simply as Goa, was the headquarters of Portuguese India, and seat of the Portuguese viceroy who governed the Portuguese possessions in Asia.
		In December 1961, India militarly invaded Goa, Daman, and Diu.
		Portuguese India's first stamp exhibition, in 1952, was commemorated with a pair of stamps, one reproducing the design of the first issue, the other depicting St. Francis Xavier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portuguese_India (1193 words)

	The other empire: collect Portuguese colonies
		Portuguese India comprised Goa, Damao and Diu, three noncontiguous areas on the west coast of the Indian subcontinent with a total area of 1,537 square miles.
		In 1490, a Portuguese fleet arrived and established the colony of Angola with the capital at Luanda.
		Portuguese Guinea is on the west coast of Africa between Senegal and Guinea.
	www.linns.com /howto/refresher/portuguese_20040614/refreshercourse.asp (1794 words)

	History @ IndiaWorld on the Net
		After India's independence from the British colonial rule and volunteer departure of the French from Pondichery, the Portuguese kept on refusing to vacate - despite massive public movements on the part of the people in Goa - the held-territories.
		Finally, the Government of India decided to intervene militarily and the Indian Army marched in December 1961 in Goa to free the last Indian territory from colonial rule.
		As a result, the Portuguese were initially quite tolerant of the hindu religion, (although not as tolerant of the muslims).
	www.india-world.net /india/history/modern/portuguese.html (856 words)

	Independence of India,History of Indian Independence,History of Independence India
		The Portuguese were probably here to stay, and da Gama was to earn himself the distinction of Governor of all Portuguese possessions in India in the twilight of his life.
		As the Portuguese Viceroy in India, Albuquerque encouraged mixed marriages with the intent of procuring fresh recruits, especially in the form of offsprings, to serve the Portuguese project in India and elsewhere.
		India was significant only insofar as it constituted part of the great Asian trade route that the Dutch had developed and that cut through Ceylon and Cape Town.
	voice.indiasite.com /independence.html (5294 words)

	Goa's Freedom Movement
		Since the Portuguese were the first European power to arrive in India and the last to depart, the effort to dislodge them by those whose land they conquered and occupied could not but be a long process that was fraught with bloodshed, grief, sacrifice and frustration.
		Mahatma Gandhi's movement in India for independence, intensified as it was in the thirties of this century, filled many people in Goa with the hope that with India free, it would be only a matter of days for the end of Portuguese rule in Goa.
		The Portuguese Government in the meantime had brought into Goa white and African troops and large quantities of war material: it seemed that the Portuguese Government was poised to declare war on India, apart from creating great fear in the population.
	www.goacom.com /culture/history/history4.html (2178 words)

	Portugal
		Barreto was the private secretary of Miguel de Noroha, Conde de Linhares, the viceroy of Portuguese India.
		It was occupied by the Portuguese in 1533.
		In 1739 the native Mahrattas captured it from the Portuguese.
	sio.midco.net /dansmapstamps/portugueseindiaplans.htm (192 words)

	Travel Agents in India, India Travel Agent, Indian Travel Agents, Travelling in India, India Travel Packages,Package ...
		Madhya Pradesh is India's largest state and the geographical heartland of the country and has a rich heritage, spectacular natural surroundings, varied wildlife and delightful hill station.
		In the western part of India, in the state of Rajasthan, Bikaner-the fourth largest city of the state and was one of the most important centers for the traders of west-central Asia.
		Vijayawada is an important port in south India and is considered to be the cultural capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh.
	www.travel-agents-in-india.com (5765 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1502 a new expedition under the command of Vasco da Gama arrived at Cochin, and the friendship with the Rajah of Cochin was renewed.
		Coins were minted by the Portuguese in Goa (between 1510 and 1861), Cochin (1530-1578), Bacaim (1611-1771), Daman (1611-1854), Diu (1684-1859) and somewhere in Ceylon; probably Colombo at least from 1631 until 1650.
		Between 1871 and 1888, the coins for Portuguese India were struck by the British in Bombay and Calcutta.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~gkandasw/personal/numismatics/portugueseIndia.html (496 words)

	European Missionaries and the Latin Church in India
		Berchmans Kodackal is a Catholic priest, a canon lawyer and a civil lawyer from the archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabar Church in the state of Kerala, India.
		A new era dawned on the religious horizon in India, by the discovery in 1498 of a new sea-route by the Portuguese Admiral Vasco de Gama.
		The Portuguese priests were expelled from the city by the British governor, Charles Boone, and the existing four churches of Bombay were entrusted to the vicar apostolic and the five Carmelite missionaries who arrived soon after on the scene.
	www.indiacatholic.com /european.htm (2845 words)

	Portuguese Nationality Law
		The Portuguese State of India was, therefore, a state in international dispute, with Portugal officially recognised by the UN as the de facto administrative power and the Indian Union seen as an illegal occupier of the territories.
		Portuguese language requirements do exist for those applying for Portuguese citizenship and are strictly enforced, except for the case of blood relations, because it could probably be seen by a violation of human rights.
		Portuguese is still the 3rd European language most spoken in the world, after English and Spanish, and the 6th or 7th world language most spoken in the world in pair with Russian.
	www.geocities.com /PauloCD/PortNatLaw.htm (5162 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: 500 years after Vasco da Gama arrived in India, a controversy erupts over commemoration of the event
		The Samiti, after meeting the President of India, has also resolved to launch a separate movement to change the name of the port town in Goa named after Vasco da Gama and has demanded that the names of cities and villages written in Portuguese be changed.
		Goa, the longest-held Portuguese territory, was conquered by Alfonso de Albuquerque in 1510, not by Vasco da Gama.
		Singh's colleague Ashok Vajpeyi, joint secretary in the department of culture, is reportedly co-chairing the committee with Portuguese Ambassador Marcello Mathias for the celebration.
	www.rediff.com /news/jun/09gama.htm (2004 words)

	Europeans in India
		The British left behind them in India a strong imprint of their philosophy and culture and even today it is evident that English which is a foreign language is the most important and respected language in India.
		The Portuguese inspired by the Pope’s order to baptize people around the world not only fought wars against the local Indian rulers, but also they tried to enforce their Roman Catholic prayers on Syrian Christians who were in India before the modern European powers arrived in India (see Christianity in India).
		The Portuguese were also aware of the Indian custom according to which the wife followed her husband’s faith and therefore married their men to Indian women.
	adaniel.tripod.com /europeans.htm (1160 words)

	Portuguese India - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Portuguese India, five districts on the Indian subcontinent, ruled by Portugal beginning in 1505.
		Muslim control of the trade arteries between the Mediterranean and India, led various European powers to dream of a new route to the Far East long...
		Indian-Portuguese relations had worsened steadily in 1954 because of insistent demands by Indian nationalists that Portugal vacate Goa and the rest...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Portuguese_India.html (135 words)

	Kamat Research Database - Goa's Freedom Struggle
		The Portuguese were the first to colonize parts of India, and were the last to leave.
		The rest of India at this time was caught in the electrifying mood for freedom from the British, and the great socialist leader Ram Manohar Lohia thought that Goa should also be part of the struggle and be free from Portuguese rule.
		After India became free in 1947, the Government of India lobbied the Government of Portugal very hard to relinquish Goa, but the efforts were ignored, and even ridiculed.
	www.kamat.com /database/content/goa_freedom/index.htm (790 words)

	First Europeans in India: The Portuguese and the British by Neria Harish Hebbar, MD
		The architect of the Portuguese Indian Empire was Dom Alfonso d’Albuquerque, viceroy of Portugal in the East from 1509 to 1515.
		An attempt at reaching eastern India along the Coramandal coast of Pulicat in 1611 was thwarted by Dutch fleet that was there to recruit slaves from India for their plantations in the Spice Islands.
		The architect of Portuguese Indian Empire, Dom Alfonso d’Albuquerque was the viceroy from 1509 to 1515.
	www.boloji.com /history/034a.htm (2842 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Portuguese India, 1815-1878
		Construction costs, which were consideravle, were financed by revenues gained from Portuguese Indian merchants' share in the Indian Ocean slave trade (Portugal formally banned slave trade in 1836, a decree not enforced) and in the Opium trade to China.
		Except for the teak felled in Dagra and Nagar Haveli, the economy of Portuguese India was described as moribund.
		Portuguese India experienced emigration; the Catholics among her population were partially westernized which helped them finding employment and obtain education - in British India, where the city of Bombay exercised most attraction.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/pindia18151878.html (359 words)

	Portuguese Ancestors in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Albuquerque encouraged mixed marriages between Portuguese men and Indian women, with the intention that a race would be created with Portuguese blood and Catholic culture, along with loyalty to the home of their paternal ancestors.
		Portuguese resources waned and their maritime supremacy in India was challenged by the English.
		Bibliography of Goa and the Portuguese in India
	members.ozemail.com.au /~clday/portuguese.htm (767 words)

	The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)
		The Spanish and Portuguese had a monopoly of the East Indies spice trade until destruction of the Spanish Aramada in 1588, which permitted the British and Dutch to seek their share of this wealthy import business.
		The Dutch virtually excluded company members from the East Indies after the Amboina Massacre in 1623 (an incident in which English, Japanese, and Portuguese traders were executed by Dutch authorities), but the company's defeat of the Portuguese in India (1612) won them trading concessions from the Mughal Empire.
		During its heyday, the East India Company not only established trade through Asia and the Middle East but also effectively became of the ruler of territories vastly larger than the United Kingdrom itself.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/empire/eic.html (561 words)

	India - Portuguese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Portuguese came first and left last, but at no time had they extensive dominions such as the Indian kingdoms and empires or the lands of the British in India.
		There are around 730,000 Portuguese Indians, commonly known as Goans or Goanese, about half of whom live in the state of Goa and the others elsewhere in India.
		They are descended from Indians in the former Portuguese colony who assimilated to Portuguese culture and in many cases are the descendants of Indo-Portuguese marriages, which the Portuguese civil and religious authorities encouraged.
	countrystudies.us /india/72.htm (194 words)

	Discoverers Web: The Portuguese in Asia
		Returning to India, he may have told about his travels to the Portuguese, and be part of the reason for them to extend their influence to the East.
		He also conquered the city of Goa in India, which he intended to be the new Portuguese headquarters, but because the Portuguese hold on the city remained tenuous, this was not actually put into practice until 1530.
		Malacca was the most important port on the route from India to Indonesia and China, and by taking it, the Portuguese at once took control of a large part of the trade on this route.
	www.win.tue.nl /~engels/discovery/portemp.html (1423 words)

	Portuguese India
		It was first entered by the Portuguese in 1531, and captured a second time in 1558.
		It remained in Portuguese hands until 1961 when it was annexed by India.
		The English took over in 1635, and the territory was ceded to India in 1961.
	sio.midco.net /dansmapstamps/portugueseindiaplans2.htm (127 words)

	Portuguese India: History of Portuguese Cochin, Cannanore, Quilon. Malabar (Kerala)
		The Rajah of Cochin and his Portuguese allies were forced to withdraw to the island of Vypin.
		At the beginning of XVI century, Cochin was the seat of the Portuguese in India.
		The terms of the capitulation were that all the unmarried Portuguese residents were returned to Europe, and all married Portuguese and Mestiços were transferred to Goa.
	www.colonialvoyage.com /cochin.html (1419 words)

	CorpWatch : India: A Doctor Takes on Big Tobacco
		This former Portuguese colony, the gateway which brought tobacco into India, is now turning into a battleground against the weed which enchants millions in India.
		Dr Vaidya feels that in India the problem is that tobacco is classified as a legal and agricultural product, instead of being in the basket of narcotics.
		Since 1993, he says, Indias campaign against tobacco has been really growing.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=1128 (1333 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| India
		A general rising ('Indian Mutiny') in 1857 was suppressed and on 1 November 1858 the government of India was transferred to the Crown under a viceroy.
		Certain states signed a 'convention' with British India which allowed them to difference the stamps and postal stationery of India by an overprint bearing their name (unlike the feudatory states' issues, these stamps were valid throughout the Indian Empire).
		From 1854, Portuguese handstamps and in 1871-7 stamps were used in combination with stamps of British India, which were sold at the Portuguese POs.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/india.htm (1442 words)

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