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Topic: Portuguese military history

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	Reader's Companion to Military History - - Armor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Use of body armor was evident in the Western military tradition beginning with the hoplite warrior of ancient Greece.
		Among the military commentators and officers advocating the use of all-mechanized armor units were the Englishmen J.
		Military technology is currently undergoing phenomenal changes that will result in significant shifts in the mix of the armored team, but not in the importance of combining the three main elements of land combat power.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/ml_003100_armor.htm (1419 words)

	Military History
		From early times, the country's kings were, with few exceptions, military leaders, and the history of their reigns is replete with accounts of armed conflict.
		Military leaders were usually members or favorites of the royal family with an aptitude for military organization and command.
		In the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese introduced firearms into the kingdom and taught the Thai the arts of casting bronze cannon and constructing stone fortifications.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/thailand/mil-history.htm (1074 words)

	History of THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The profitable trade in eastern spices is cornered by the Portuguese in the 16th century to the detriment of Venice, which has previously had a virtual monopoly of these valuable commodities - until now brought overland through India and Arabia, and then across the Mediterranean by the Venetians for distribution in western Europe.
		The island of Bombay is ceded to the Portuguese in 1534.
		A Portuguese town is even established on the river Plate in 1680, provoking a century of Spanish-Portuguese border conflicts in the region which is now Uruguay.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab48 (1984 words)

	Worker's History - Portuguese Revolution 1974
		As Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese forces in Guinea he earned the nickname "butcher." In addition, prior to the coup he was a director of two of Portugal's leading monopolies.
		Soares, for example, ominously declared "the Portuguese army is not the Chilean army." Yet on the eve of that bloodiest of coups, Allende and Corvalan soothed their supporters with assurances that the Chilean army wasn't like others, had a democratic tradition and so on.
		Because of their key position in the Portuguese economy this meant the AFM and the Provisional government, between whom a kind of dual power had developed, were forced to nationalise 50% of the economy.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/westerneurope/portugal/workers_history_.html (2965 words)

	Portuguese history. Portugal from early history to twentieth century. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There is little direct filiation between the Portuguese of today and the early tribes who inhabited this region, although the Portuguese long considered themselves descendants of the Lusitanians, a Celtic people who came to the area after 1,000 BC The Lusitanians had their stronghold in the Serra da Estrela.
		The Portuguese, largely due to the efforts of Nun'Álvares Pereira, defeated the Castilians in the battle of Aljubarrota (1385) and established John I, a bastard son of Peter, as king.
		Although her reign was marred by coups and dictatorship, the activities of moderates and liberals laid a groundwork for the reforms-penal laws, a civil code (1867), and commercial regulations-of the reigns of Peter V (1853-61; begun under the regency of Maria's husband Ferdinand II) and of Louis I (1861-89).
	www.portugalholidayguide.com /portugal_history.htm (2737 words)

	Portuguese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The red is the symbol of the courage and blood spilled by Portuguese soldiers on the battle field.
		The Portuguese unicity is also seen here, for unlike its Europeans partners, Portugal does not show much interest about industrialisation and has not broken its bonds with the church, remember the motto: god, motherland and family.
		The Portuguese colonial war was on for 13 years, thousands of soldiers fell in battle, many physically challenged returned from the war, the Portuguese people had to deal with heavy expenses to support all them.
	www.aph.pt /pt_history/pt_history.html (3030 words)

	Military History of Newfoundland - Newfoundland and war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The first major military operation in Newfoundland was the campaign conducted by Frontenac's lieutenant, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville in 1696-97.
		From that time until World War I, no Newfoundland units were engaged in military operations, though numerous individual Newfoundlanders fought in the Crimea, in the American civil war, in South American revolutions, and the Boer war.
		Early military history of the island is dealt with in the histories of Newfoundland by L. Anspach (1819), R. Martin (1844), C. Pedley (1863), D. Prowse (1896), and J. Rogers (1911).
	www2.marianopolis.edu /nfldhistory/MilitaryHistoryNewfoundland.htm (1472 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: An Overview of the Economic History of Uruguay since the 1870s
		As cattle preceded humans, the state preceded society: Uruguay's first settlement was Colonia del Sacramento, a Portuguese military fortress founded in 1680, placed precisely across from Buenos Aires, Argentina.
		Uruguay was on the border between the Spanish and Portuguese empires, a feature which would be decisive for the creation, with strong British involvement, in 1828-1830, of an independent state.
		While the military dictatorship and the liberal economic policy implemented since the 1970s initiated a drastic reversal of the trend toward economic equality, the globalizing movements of the 1980s and 1990s under democratic rule didn't increase equality.
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=Bertola.Uruguay.final (2412 words)

	Goa History;Pre-Portuguese
		The Portuguese were desperate to control the spice trade from India, then controlled by the Arabs, and needed a good port, which turned out to be Goa.
		As a result, the Portuguese were initially quite tolerant of the hindu religion,(although not as tolerant of the muslims).
		Fortunately for the Portuguese, a new viceroy, the Marquis of Lourical arrived with substantial reinforcements and defeated the Marathas in Bardez.
	www.goacom.com /culture/history/history2.html (639 words)

	World History Compass Home Page
		Provides scholars studying the contemporary political history of Iran with primary source material consisting of personal accounts of individuals who either played major roles in important political events and decisions from the 1920s to the 1970s or witnessed these events from close range.
		History, culture, and literature of Arkansas and surrounding regions.
		History and archaeology of the Spanish fort and town of Santa Elena on Port Royal Sound in South Carolina.
	www.worldhistorycompass.com (2385 words)

	Military history
		History of how women have responded to war from 1900.profusely illus.
		History of a Unit which fought on Bougainville and New Guinea in 1945.
		This account of that campaign brings this epic tragedy to life and stands as both a landmark chapter in the history of the war and a salutary reminder of all that is fine and all that is foolish in the human condition.
	www.bspgallery.com.au /military.htm (2645 words)

	ZenithPress.com - Military History > Osprey > Fortress
		The techniques of European warfare were transformed during the 15th and 16th centuries by the use of gunpowder and by substantial progress in the effectiveness and destructive power of artillery.
		The landscape of 16th- and 17th-century Japan was dominated by the graceful and imposing castles constructed by the powerful daimyo of the period.
		Few of the massive military structures built by Germany during World War II are as impressive as the U-Boat bases and bunkers in Germany, Norway and France.
	www.zenithpress.com /Products_591.ncm (336 words)

	Military History/title> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Military History Encyclopedia on the Web: John Rickard's website currently concentrates on the middle ages, the First World War, the Seven Years War and the Thirty Years War.
		History of the British Army: This National Army Museum website provides a brief introduction to the history of the British Army.
		Canadian Military Heritage Project: This website is dedicated to presenting Canadian military history - the wars, uprisings and conflicts in which Canadians participated.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /REVhistorymilitary.htm (9506 words)

	Portuguese History
		D.Duarte remembers his military service as one of the richest of his life, specially because of the contacts he established and maintained through the years with the local populations, which always received him warmly and treated him very well.
		This is mainly due to the large Portuguese speaking population of Brazil, with the addition of Angola and Mozambique in Africa and East Timor in the Far East.
		This is because approximately 50% of the working population in the North of Portugal is working overseas with Paris being the second largest Portuguese city as measured by the number of Portuguese residents.
	www.angelfire.com /ny2/lusosarge/history.html (980 words)

	The History Guy: The War List
		Goa had been a Portuguese colony for centuries prior to the Indian invasion of 1961.
		Military members of the coalition also include the United Kingdom and Australia.
		This war began after a military coup which voided election results which would have given power to fundamentalist Islamic political parties.
	www.historyguy.com /War_list.html (4852 words)

	A Select Bibliography of Portuguese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Primarily in Spanish and Portuguese, entries are organized in a single alphabetical sequence.
		Includes all forms of history - cultural, demographic, etc. - and `auxiliary sciences of history' extending to cinematography and chronology.
		A catalog of the William B. Greenlee collection of Portuguese history and literature and the Portuguese materials in the Newberrry Library, compiled by Doris Varner Welsh.
	www.library.yale.edu /rsc/history/porthist.htm (1798 words)

	Clevedon Civic Society Military History Records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He was attached to a Lewis gun section, and it was while proceeding with his gun up Delville Wood, in the Battle of the Somme, in a night attack, that he fell wounded in the arm and side.
		Corporal Neads, died of wounds at Fusehill Military Hospital, Carlisle, aged 24, he was the second son of Mr and Mrs WJ Neads, of 4 Railway View.
		Sapper Osgood, a local territorial went to France with his unit in 1914 and was later wounded in the memorable Hill 60 battle, after some time in a hospital in Manchester, he saw further service in France, until his company moved to Salonika in the summer of 1917.
	www.clevedon-civic-society.org.uk /worldwar1casualties.htm (11250 words)

	History/Military/General
		Military History's Top 10 ListsThis insightful and entertaining volume chronicles 700 of the most outlandish commanders, battles and accomplishments in military history, covering the wars, the personalities, the literature and the media, and miscellaneous facts from ancient times to the present.
		SoldiersAs revealed through the lives of nine British military men whose wartime experiences span the course of the twentieth century, a study of the soldier's world explores the ways in which military training, values, and everyday life have changed over the course of the last century.
		Pacific AlamoA leading military historian sheds new light on the battle for Wake Island and the U.S. Marines and civilian construction workers who courageously defended the island, transforming what had been supposed to be an easy victory for the Japanese into a protracted and costly battle for Japa...
	www.booksbytesandbeyond.com /books/HIS027000.html (5247 words)

	Military History of Baja California
		The fortification consists of an entrenchment laid out in the form of a square, and which is large enough for a military plaza and for the soldiers' quarters.
		Captain Est6van Rodriguez Lorenzo (Portuguese) resigns the command of the presidio of Loreto (Engelhardt 1929:144, 275).
		Officers given relative freedom in matters involving military and discipline, captains of presidio made governor and judge of province (Engelhardt 1929:175).
	www.soldados.us /StBarbara/Bajahist.htm (1833 words)

	Military History Letters February 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is not very common to read about Portuguese history in foreign magazines, but your August 2003 issue included a "Perspectives" story on the Battle of Qasr al-Kabir (Alcaçer Quibir in Portuguese).
		They were guerrilla fighters who were a thorn in the side of the authorities, to the extent that they made that part of County Wicklow a "no-go" area for Crown forces and forced them to construct the Military Road from Dublin into the Wicklow Mountains between 1800 and 1803, with five forts and numerous blockhouses.
		The unit is sometimes called the "Dwyer Battalion." As an added note, many of Robert Emmet's military opponents privately considered his plans and equipment to have been of a very high standard, but this view did not gain popular acceptance.
	www.thehistorynet.com /mh/letters_02_04 (1067 words)

	Chaves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The town has always had great historical importance, being the site of an important Roman garrison and later being in the forefront of resistance during the Napoleonic invasions of the early nineteenth century.
		In Portuguese military history Chaves is especially famous for two battles: the siege of Chaves by French forces in 1807 and the Royalist attack on Chaves in 1912.
		There is the keep of a medieval castle and ruins of two forts, Forte São Francisco and Forte São Neutel, both built in the 17th century.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Chaves.htm (398 words)

	Military History and Modelling
		To further the interest of Military History and Modelling by discussing issues relating to them.
		Military History Please post any information relating to modern military history.
		This can be from the 'Military Revolution' of the 30 Years War to the current War on Terror.
	www.network54.com /Forum/login?action=signup&id=261700 (121 words)

	CPHRC: Portugal's history on-line
		Our Editorial Board reads like a 'Who's Who' of Portuguese academe, and we are accredited by two leading Portuguese higher institutes of higher education (ICS and ISCTE), and have formal links with the University of Glasgow.
		During the past year, we have been developing a new range of services to the academic community, which we will be launching within the next few weeks.
		In order to maintain a service that provides basic information, much of what was available free of charge will now only be available for a small fee, with the revenues thus raised being reinvested into the Centre.
	www.cphrc.org.uk (428 words)

	Reader's Companion to Military History - - Artillery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The term artillery was used in antiquity to designate all the impedimenta of combat, but today it is generally applied to guns larger than small arms and, by extension, to the projectile-throwing engines of classical and medieval times too large to be carried and fired by an individual.
		Mobile land carriages with limbers and dished wheels (with spokes angling outward from the hub in a shallow cone for strength) appeared in France by the 1490s, and the four-wheeled naval truck carriage was in English and perhaps Portuguese service by the 1580s; these gave artillery its definitive form until the 1850s.
		The distinction in land service between field artillery on the one hand and siege and fortress artillery on the other became increasingly clear-cut during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but artillery changed little save in efficiency and standardization until the mid-nineteenth century, when rifled cannons firing elongated projectiles appeared in Europe.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_003900_artillery.htm (1015 words)

	History/Military/Other (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Barbarians, Marauders, and InfidelsA lively history of warfare in the Middle Ages reveals war as a "defining" condition of powerful people, and outlines the motivations for war during this period in Europe, touching on religious themes, the craving for personal gain, and an obsession with honor as r...
		History of the American RevolutionFrom Lexington and Concord to Yorktown, Bruce Lancaster's classic, The American Revolution, covers the story of America's fight for independence in vivid detail.
		The Chief of StaffWhile specifically focusing on Smith's 39-year military career, this study critically examines the professionalization process within the officer corps in the inter-war years; analyzes the evolution of the American and Allied command and staff structures in the Second World War; an...
	www.booksbytesandbeyond.com /books/HIS027130.html (4660 words)

	California Military History Educational Project: Booklet Biographies
		Additionally, General Mattson serves as the Commander of the Center for Military History and is the Director of the California Military History Educational Project.
		He is a leading researcher and scholar in the field of history, and lectures both in the U.S. and internationally.
		Designing and constructing military displays, military history lectures and research of military and historical artifacts are few of his duties.
	www.calstatela.edu /academic/builders/museum/booklet/bios.html (1799 words)

	Links
		The History Office also maintains a research collection of historical materials which is available for official researchers (Air Force, Department of Defense, and their contractors).
		History Project, in cooperation with the Library of Congress and the American Folklife Center.
		Armchair General is a new history magazine that is designed to be an interactive experience in military history and strategy.
	www.smh-hq.org /links.html (1620 words)

	USA Military History - MavicaNET
		Preserving the history and traditions of the U.S. Army's oldest logistics branch.
		The history of the 8th Air Force during WW 2 and after.
		Living history and Civil War reenactments at Fort Tejon, north of Los Angeles in Southern California.
	www.mavicanet.ru /directory/eng/13857.html (427 words)

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